Visual and Haptic Perception of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Marie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Physical Length ◽  
Present Purpose

The horizontal-vertical illusion consists of two lines of the same length (one horizontal and the other vertical) at a 90° angle from one another forming either an inverted-T or an L-shape. The illusion occurs when the length of a vertical line is perceived as longer than the horizontal line even though they are the same physical length. The illusion has been shown both visually and haptically. The present purpose was to assess differences between the visual or haptic perception of the illusions and also whether differences occur between the inverted-T and the L-shape illusions. The current study showed a greater effect in the haptic perception of the horizontal-vertical illusion than in visual perception. There is also greater illusory susceptibility of the inverted-T than the L-shape.

Division and Orientation in the Vertical-Horizontal Illusion

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Becker
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Horizontal Line

This study attempted to determine the influence of the division (bisection of the horizontal line by the vertical line) and orientation (vertical line seems longer than horizontal line) factors on the vertical-horizontal illusion. 100 Ss were divided into two groups, one with knowledge of the division and orientation factors and the other group without knowledge of these factors. The results indicated that the amount of error for the group with knowledge was significantly smaller than for the group without knowledge.

scholarly journals Memory influences haptic perception of softness

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Metzger ◽  
Knut Drewing
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Covering Layer ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
Typical Colour

Abstract The memory of an object’s property (e.g. its typical colour) can affect its visual perception. We investigated whether memory of the softness of every-day objects influences their haptic perception. We produced bipartite silicone rubber stimuli: one half of the stimuli was covered with a layer of an object (sponge, wood, tennis ball, foam ball); the other half was uncovered silicone. Participants were not aware of the partition. They first used their bare finger to stroke laterally over the covering layer to recognize the well-known object and then indented the other half of the stimulus with a probe to compare its softness to that of an uncovered silicone stimulus. Across four experiments with different methods we showed that silicon stimuli covered with a layer of rather hard objects (tennis ball and wood) were perceived harder than the same silicon stimuli when being covered with a layer of rather soft objects (sponge and foam ball), indicating that haptic perception of softness is affected by memory.

A NEW METHOD OF PATTERN SHOOTING

Geophysics ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Parr ◽  
W. H. Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
New Method ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Wavelength Band ◽  
Continuous Band ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
Multiple Detectors ◽  
Horizontal Area

In areas where reflection shooting is difficult, it is often necessary to attenuate the energy in a broad continuous band of disturbing wavelengths to less than a few hundredths of what would be recorded if all units were bunched together. The wavelength band of the attenuated energy should be adjacent to the band of reflection wavelengths received. Attenuation of the undesired energy is best accomplished with multiple detectors or charges. In many areas the pattern should attenuate energy horizontally propagated in all directions, not just in the direction of the detector line. Neither a finite number of uniformly effective, uniformly spaced units in line nor a uniformly effective sheet of finite length will accomplish this result. A system for gradation of the effectiveness of units described in this paper does produce this result (not only for in‐line disturbances but also for disturbances coming in from the side of the line). The attenuation band can be made broad with good attenuation or narrower with still better attenuation, as desired. The variation of effectiveness can be applied to detectors or charges arranged in a horizontal line, over a horizontal area, in a vertical line, or over a vertical area. The principle of varying effectiveness can also be applied to reversed‐polarity detectors in order to accentuate certain apparent wavelengths.

scholarly journals Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Qiu ◽  
Shuqing Ma ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Zhou Meng ◽  
Jianfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Acoustic Path ◽  
Vertical Arrays ◽  
Peak Structure ◽  
Line Array ◽  
Propagation Properties

A method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively guide its deployment, can be given by an equation in which the noise gain (NG) is subtracted from the signal gain (SG); hence, a high SG and a negative NG can enhance the performance of the array. OAGs and SGs with different array locations are simulated and analyzed based on the sound propagation properties of the direct-arrival zone (DAZ) and the reliable acoustic path (RAP) using ray theory. SG and NG are related to the correlation coefficients of the signals and noise, respectively, and the vertical correlation is determined by the structures of the multipath arrivals. The SG in the DAZ is always high because there is little difference between the multipath waves, while the SG in the RAP changes with the source-receiver range because of the variety of structure in the multiple arrivals. The SG under different conditions is simulated in this work. The “dual peak” structure can often be observed in the vertical directionality pattern of the noise because of the presence of bottom reflection and deep sound channel. When the directions of the signal and noise are close, the conventional beamformer will enhance the correlation of not only the signals but also the noise; thus, the directivity of the signals and noise are analyzed. Under the condition of having a typical sound speed profile, the OAG in some areas of the DAZ and RAP can achieve high values and even exceed the ideal gain of horizontal line array 10 logN dB, while, in some other areas, it will be lowered because of the influence of the NG. The proposed method of gain analysis can provide analysis methods for vertical arrays in the deep ocean under many conditions with references. The theory and simulation are tested by experimental data.

scholarly journals Two new species of the genus Crenicichla Heckel, 1840 from the upper rio Uruguay drainage (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. S. de Lucena
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Lateral Band ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Vertical Bars

Two new species of the genus Crenicichla from the upper rio Uruguay basin are described, Crenicichla hadrostigma and C. empheres. Both are included in the C. missioneira species group along with C. missioneira, C. minuano, C. tendybaguassu, C. igara, and C. jurubi, all occurring in the upper and middle rio Uruguay drainage. Crenicichla hadrostigma is distinguished by the conspicuous ocellated posttemporal blotch, absence of a humeral spot and lateral band, and the presence in males of nine to 16 narrow vertical bars extending from the dorsum to a horizontal line that passes through the lower edge of pectoral axilla. Crenicichla empheres is distinguished from the other species of the missioneira-group by the presence of six to eight horizontally elongate dark blotches along the middle portion of the body, slightly below the upper lateral line, absence of a lateral band, presence in males of numerous dark and irregularly arranged spots on nape, back, and sides of body, and isognathous mouth. A key to the species from rio Uruguay basin is presented.

scholarly journals Correlation between spatial resolution and ball distortion rate of panoramic radiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Gyeol Yeom ◽  
Sam-Sun Lee ◽  
Jo-Eun Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hoe Huh ◽  
Won-Jin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Line Pair ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Distortion Rate

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between spatial resolution and ball distortion rate of panoramic radiography and to elucidate the minimum criterion for ball distortion rate, which is very relevant to clinical readability.MethodsHorizontal and vertical spatial resolution and ball distortion rates were calculated in the same position, such as the incisor, premolar, molar, and temporomandibular joint area with various object depths corresponding to 48 mm. Three devices were evaluated. A region showing spatial resolution above the reference standard was selected, and the ball distortion rate corresponding to the same region was divided into horizontal and vertical phantom groups.The mean and standard deviation of the obtained ball distortion rates were calculated. Student’s t-test was used to statistically analyze the mean difference in ball distortion rates between vertical and horizontal phantom groups.ResultsIn all devices, the horizontal line pair phantom, but not the vertical line pair phantom, was readable in all areas measured at the line pair value of at least 1.88 lp/mm. The line pair value tended to be higher toward the center and lower toward the outside. The ball distortion rate tended to decrease closer to the center and increased further away. In addition, ball distortion rates could not be measured at some areas as they were not recognized as balls due to the high degree of distortion at the outermost and innermost sides. The number of balls satisfying the reference value using the horizontal line pair phantom was 102 (mean of ball distortion rates, 20.98; standard deviation, 15.25). The number of balls satisfying the reference value using the vertical line pair phantom was 49 (mean of ball distortion rates, 16.33; standard deviation, 14.25). However, mean ball distortion rate was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsFocal layer of panoramic radiography could be evaluated by the spatial resolution using horizontal and vertical line pair phantoms and by assessing ball distortion rates through a ball-type panorama phantom. A ball distortion rate of 20% could be used as a threshold to evaluate the focal layer of panoramic radiography.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Search of Coma Patients using Variable Motion Sensor System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Movement Recognition

It is vital to consistently screen the oblivious/extreme lethargies patients to comprehend their wellbeing condition. The primary objectives of the proposed is to achieve two things. 1) Monitoring and cautioning the restorative individual is the basic part, when the incapacitated additions cognizance utilizing movement recognition framework. 2) Continuous observing and assessment of basic signs of the patient, for example, Pulse rate and warmth and alarm the specialist at whatever point consideration is required. Wearable Motion sensor framework can be utilized to screen different body developments such and hand development as visual perception flicker development to find the cognizant condition of an individual. This framework will all around likely be exceptionally useful in helping the specialist about the wellbeing state of the other than cognizant patient and cautioning the doctor at whatever point care is required. The proposed framework will help your specialist by providing an alert about the wellbeing state of the patient, when the spot of basic signs reported.

Visual Perspective in Causal Attribution, Empathy and Attitude Change

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1035-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özdem M. Önder ◽  
Bengi Öner-özkan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
Observer Bias

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of visual perspective on the actor–observer bias. For this aim, we examined the effects of different visual perspectives on individuals' external and internal attributions. In addition to this, we examined the presence or absence of an attitude change toward the death penalty due to participants' visual perspective. One week before the experiment, we measured the participants' attitudes toward the death penalty. Then, during the experiment, films produced by one of the authors of this study were shown to two separate groups of participants. There were two films, each film constituting one of the two levels of visual perception. The content of each film was the memories of a person who was given the death penalty for the murder of his own brother. Level of visual perception was manipulated by using different camera perspectives, one from the actor's point of view and the other from the observer's point of view. At the end of the experiment, participants' attitudes toward the death penalty were measured again.

Providing a human user artificial ability to control their eyes independently with various eye movement patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Fumio Mizuno ◽  
Tomoaki Hayasaka ◽  
Takami Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Left And Right

Humans have the capability to flexibly adapt to visual stimulation, such as spatial inversion in which a person wears glasses that display images upside down for long periods of time (Ewert, 1930; Snyder and Pronko, 1952; Stratton, 1887). To investigate feasibility of extension of vision and the flexible adaptation of the human visual system with binocular rivalry, we developed a system that provides a human user with the artificial oculomotor ability to control their eyes independently for arbitrary directions, and we named the system Virtual Chameleon having to do with Chameleons (Mizuno et al., 2010, 2011). The successful users of the system were able to actively control visual axes by manipulating 3D sensors held by their both hands, to watch independent fields of view presented to the left and right eyes, and to look around as chameleons do. Although it was thought that those independent fields of view provided to the user were formed by eye movements control corresponding to pursuit movements on human, the system did not have control systems to perform saccadic movements and compensatory movements as numerous animals including human do. Fluctuations in dominance and suppression with binocular rivalry are irregular, but it is possible to bias these fluctuations by boosting the strength of one rival image over the other (Blake and Logothetis, 2002). It was assumed that visual stimuli induced by various eye movements affect predominance. Therefore, in this research, we focused on influenced of patterns of eye movements on visual perception with binocular rivalry, and implemented functions to produce saccadic movements in Virtual Chameleon.

The Role of Figure Orientation and Apparent Depth in the Perception of the Horizontal—Vertical Illusion

Perception ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey R Schiffman ◽  
Jack G Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Figure ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Illusory Effect

An experiment was performed which examined the role of figural orientation directly, and the role of an inappropriately invoked size-constancy mechanism indirectly, in the actuation and magnitude of the horizontal—vertical illusion. When the vertical line of the stimulus figure was aligned above the horizontal line, the illusory effect was significant and positive; in contrast, when the vertical line was located below the horizontal line, the illusion was negative. Under the assumption that a vertical line can appear as a foreshortened line in depth, these findings support an explanation based on the operation of a misapplied size-constancy mechanism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document