scholarly journals Memory influences haptic perception of softness

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Metzger ◽  
Knut Drewing
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Covering Layer ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
Typical Colour

Abstract The memory of an object’s property (e.g. its typical colour) can affect its visual perception. We investigated whether memory of the softness of every-day objects influences their haptic perception. We produced bipartite silicone rubber stimuli: one half of the stimuli was covered with a layer of an object (sponge, wood, tennis ball, foam ball); the other half was uncovered silicone. Participants were not aware of the partition. They first used their bare finger to stroke laterally over the covering layer to recognize the well-known object and then indented the other half of the stimulus with a probe to compare its softness to that of an uncovered silicone stimulus. Across four experiments with different methods we showed that silicon stimuli covered with a layer of rather hard objects (tennis ball and wood) were perceived harder than the same silicon stimuli when being covered with a layer of rather soft objects (sponge and foam ball), indicating that haptic perception of softness is affected by memory.

Visual and Haptic Perception of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Marie Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Physical Length ◽  
Present Purpose

The horizontal-vertical illusion consists of two lines of the same length (one horizontal and the other vertical) at a 90° angle from one another forming either an inverted-T or an L-shape. The illusion occurs when the length of a vertical line is perceived as longer than the horizontal line even though they are the same physical length. The illusion has been shown both visually and haptically. The present purpose was to assess differences between the visual or haptic perception of the illusions and also whether differences occur between the inverted-T and the L-shape illusions. The current study showed a greater effect in the haptic perception of the horizontal-vertical illusion than in visual perception. There is also greater illusory susceptibility of the inverted-T than the L-shape.

A Silicon Micromachined Valve Driven by a Bi-Stable Electromagnetic Actuator

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Böhm ◽  
G. J. Burger ◽  
M. T. Korthorst ◽  
F. Roseboom
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Rubber Sheet ◽  
Rubber Layer ◽  
Sandwich Construction ◽  
The One ◽  
Valve Part

Abstract In this contribution a micromachined open/closed valve is presented which is driven by a conventionally manufactured bistable electromagnetic actuator. Basically the micromachined valve part, 7 × 7 × 1 mm3 in dimension, is a sandwich construction of two KOH etched wafers with a specially formulated silicone rubber layer in between. This rubber sheet forms a flexible flow path, which can be open and closed to control a fluid flow. In order to provide a large stroke of about 200 μm, a precision-engineered bi-stable electromagnetic actuator was selected. This actuator consists of a spring-biased armature that can move up and down in a magnetically soft iron housing, incorporating a permanent magnet and a coil. It will be shown that this combination of micromachined and precision-engineered components provides the required low dead volume on the one hand and a large actuator stroke on the other. Another benefit of the application of a bi-stable actuator is the fact that only energy is needed in order to switch between the open and closed state. Moreover, the large stroke makes the valve particle tolerant thus allowing media like cell suspensions and whole blood.

scholarly journals Effects of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results (KR) in the acquisition of motor skills

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Leandro R. Palhares ◽  
Alessandro T. Bruzi ◽  
Guilherme M. Lage ◽  
João V. A. P. Fialho ◽  
Herbert Ugrinowitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Delay Interval ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Serial Task

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of relative frequency and delay interval of Knowledge of Results (KR) in the acquisition of a serial motor skill. Sixty students were randomly distributed in 2 experiments, with three groups in each experiment (n = 10). The Experiment 1 investigated the effects of the KR frequency without KR delay interval and the Experiment 2 investigated the effects of the KR frequency with KR delay interval (3 seconds) in the acquisition of a serial motor skill. The serial task consisted of putting a tennis ball into six holes, positioned in a wood platform in a previously determined target time. In both experiments, the subjects performed 60 trials in target time of 2,700 ms, in the acquisition phase. In the Experiment 1, the results showed superiority of G33 in relation to the other groups, during the tests. In the Experiment 2, the results did not show any difference among the groups. These results are discussed with respect to the effect of KR delay interval, showing the role of combination of the variables.  

scholarly journals Monitoring and Search of Coma Patients using Variable Motion Sensor System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Movement Recognition

It is vital to consistently screen the oblivious/extreme lethargies patients to comprehend their wellbeing condition. The primary objectives of the proposed is to achieve two things. 1) Monitoring and cautioning the restorative individual is the basic part, when the incapacitated additions cognizance utilizing movement recognition framework. 2) Continuous observing and assessment of basic signs of the patient, for example, Pulse rate and warmth and alarm the specialist at whatever point consideration is required. Wearable Motion sensor framework can be utilized to screen different body developments such and hand development as visual perception flicker development to find the cognizant condition of an individual. This framework will all around likely be exceptionally useful in helping the specialist about the wellbeing state of the other than cognizant patient and cautioning the doctor at whatever point care is required. The proposed framework will help your specialist by providing an alert about the wellbeing state of the patient, when the spot of basic signs reported.

Visual Perspective in Causal Attribution, Empathy and Attitude Change

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1035-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özdem M. Önder ◽  
Bengi Öner-özkan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
Observer Bias

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of visual perspective on the actor–observer bias. For this aim, we examined the effects of different visual perspectives on individuals' external and internal attributions. In addition to this, we examined the presence or absence of an attitude change toward the death penalty due to participants' visual perspective. One week before the experiment, we measured the participants' attitudes toward the death penalty. Then, during the experiment, films produced by one of the authors of this study were shown to two separate groups of participants. There were two films, each film constituting one of the two levels of visual perception. The content of each film was the memories of a person who was given the death penalty for the murder of his own brother. Level of visual perception was manipulated by using different camera perspectives, one from the actor's point of view and the other from the observer's point of view. At the end of the experiment, participants' attitudes toward the death penalty were measured again.

Providing a human user artificial ability to control their eyes independently with various eye movement patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Fumio Mizuno ◽  
Tomoaki Hayasaka ◽  
Takami Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Left And Right

Humans have the capability to flexibly adapt to visual stimulation, such as spatial inversion in which a person wears glasses that display images upside down for long periods of time (Ewert, 1930; Snyder and Pronko, 1952; Stratton, 1887). To investigate feasibility of extension of vision and the flexible adaptation of the human visual system with binocular rivalry, we developed a system that provides a human user with the artificial oculomotor ability to control their eyes independently for arbitrary directions, and we named the system Virtual Chameleon having to do with Chameleons (Mizuno et al., 2010, 2011). The successful users of the system were able to actively control visual axes by manipulating 3D sensors held by their both hands, to watch independent fields of view presented to the left and right eyes, and to look around as chameleons do. Although it was thought that those independent fields of view provided to the user were formed by eye movements control corresponding to pursuit movements on human, the system did not have control systems to perform saccadic movements and compensatory movements as numerous animals including human do. Fluctuations in dominance and suppression with binocular rivalry are irregular, but it is possible to bias these fluctuations by boosting the strength of one rival image over the other (Blake and Logothetis, 2002). It was assumed that visual stimuli induced by various eye movements affect predominance. Therefore, in this research, we focused on influenced of patterns of eye movements on visual perception with binocular rivalry, and implemented functions to produce saccadic movements in Virtual Chameleon.

Responses of monkey inferior temporal neurons to luminance-, motion-, and texture-defined gratings

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1341-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sary ◽  
R. Vogels ◽  
G. Kovacs ◽  
G. A. Orban
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Tuning Width ◽  
Visual Cortical

1. We recorded from neurons responsive to gratings in the inferior temporal (IT) cortices of macaque monkeys. One of the monkeys performed an orientation discrimination task; the other maintained fixation during stimulus presentation. Stimuli consisted of gratings based on discontinuities in luminance, relative motion, and texture. 2. IT cells responded well to gratings defined solely by relative motion, implying either direct or indirect motion input into IT, an area that is part of the ventral visual cortical pathway. 3. Response strength in general did not depend on the cue used to define the gratings. Latency values observed for the two static grating types (luminance- and texture-defined gratings) were similar, but significantly shorter than those measured for the kinetic gratings. 4. Stimulus orientation had a significant effect in 27%, 27%, and 9% of the cells tested with luminance-, kinetic-, and texture-defined gratings, respectively. 5. Only a small proportion of cells were orientation sensitive for more than one defining cue. The average preferred orientation for luminance and kinetic gratings matched; the tuning width was similar for the two cues. 6. Our results indicate that IT cells may contribute to cue-invariant coding of boundaries and edges. We discuss the relevance of these results to visual perception.

The Impact of Unaware Perception on Bodily Interaction in Virtual Reality Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Hilsenrat ◽  
Miriam Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Remote Manipulation ◽  
Sensitivity Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Background Context ◽  
Motor Interaction

Unaware haptic perception is often inferred but rarely demonstrated empirically. In this paper we present evidence for the effects of unaware haptic stimuli on users' motor interaction with virtual objects. Using a 3D hapto-visual virtual reality, we ran a texture-difference recognition test in which subjects glided a pen-like stylus along a virtual surface with varying roughness. We found that subjects were not aware of changes in texture roughness below a threshold limit, yet the normal force they applied changed. Subjects did not recognize on a cognitive level changes in the sensory cues, but behaved as if they did. These results suggest that performance can be affected through subliminal cues. Based on results from visual perception studies, we also tested the impact of context background conditions on the perception of unaware cues. We measured the threshold of awareness to changes in texture for several reference stimuli. We found that indeed, as in visual perception, this threshold for discriminating between the roughness of surfaces increases when the texture gets smoother, that is, sensitivity changes as a function of the background context. The implications of this work are mainly in the design of VR, especially for the remote manipulation of objects.

scholarly journals Phenomenal Causality and Sensory Realism

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952092703
Author(s):  
Kristof Meding ◽  
Sebastian A. Bruijns ◽  
Bernhard Schölkopf ◽  
Philipp Berens ◽  
Felix A. Wichmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Perception Of Causality ◽  
Phenomenal Causality ◽  
Intuitive Physics ◽  
Three Dimensional Presentation ◽  
Cue Conflict ◽  
Motion Dynamics

One of the most important tasks for humans is the attribution of causes and effects in all wakes of life. The first systematical study of visual perception of causality—often referred to as phenomenal causality—was done by Albert Michotte using his now well-known launching events paradigm. Launching events are the seeming collision and seeming transfer of movement between two objects—abstract, featureless stimuli (“objects”) in Michotte’s original experiments. Here, we study the relation between causal ratings for launching events in Michotte’s setting and launching collisions in a photorealistically computer-rendered setting. We presented launching events with differing temporal gaps, the same launching processes with photorealistic billiard balls, as well as photorealistic billiard balls with realistic motion dynamics, that is, an initial rebound of the first ball after collision and a short sliding phase of the second ball due to momentum and friction. We found that providing the normal launching stimulus with realistic visuals led to lower causal ratings, but realistic visuals together with realistic motion dynamics evoked higher ratings. Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional presentation, on the other hand, did not affect phenomenal causality. We discuss our results in terms of intuitive physics as well as cue conflict.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Technologies for Soft Robotics Grippers

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3253
Author(s):  
Silvia Terrile ◽  
Miguel Argüelles ◽  
Antonio Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Pneumatic Actuation ◽  
Specific Item ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
Electromechanical Actuation

Soft grippers have experienced a growing interest due to their considerable flexibility that allows them to grasp a variety of objects, in contrast to hard grippers, which are designed for a specific item. One of their most remarkable characteristics is the ability to manipulate soft objects without damaging them. This, together with their wide range of applications and the use of novels materials and technologies, renders them a very robust device. In this paper, we present a comparison of different technologies for soft robotics grippers. We fabricated and tested four grippers. Two use pneumatic actuation (the gripper with chambered fingers and the jamming gripper), while the other two employ electromechanical actuation (the tendon driver gripper and the gripper with passive structure). For the experiments, a group of twelve objects with different mechanical and geometrical properties have been selected. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of the environmental conditions on the grippers, by testing each object in three different environments: normal, humid, and dusty. The aim of this comparative study is to show the different performances of different grippers tested under the same conditions. Our findings indicate that we can highlight that the mechanical gripper with a passive structure shows greater robustness.

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