Expected FU Ori Outburst Amplitudes from the Optical to the Mid-infrared

Disks around young stellar objects (YSOs) consist of material that thermally emits the energy provided by a combination of passive heating from the central star, and active, viscous heating due to mass accretion. FU Ori stars are YSOs with substantially enhanced accretion rates in their inner disk regions. As a disk transitions from standard low-state, to FU Ori-like high-state accretion, the outburst manifests through photometric brightening over a broad range of wavelengths. We present results for the expected amplitudes of the brightening between ∼4000 Å and 8 μm—the wavelength range where FU Ori type outburst events are most commonly detected. Our model consists of an optically thick passive + active steady-state accretion disk with low and high accretion states.

Guided acceleration of nanoparticles by laser irradiated parallel gold nanorods

Laser irradiated parallel gold nanorods with interspersed deuterium nanoparticles are shown to offer guided acceleration of nanoparticles. The laser pulse of intensity exceeding 1018W/cm2 at 1 μm wavelength and pulse duration ~30 fs causes full ionization of nanoparticles and high state ionization of gold atoms and pushes out the free electrons via the ponderomotive force. The charged nanorods have an electric field that has transverse component towards the axis of symmetry and axial field outwards. Thus the nanoparticles are accelerated axially while confined transversely. Deuterium beam of a few MeV energy can be produced by this technique.

Same Goal, Different Paths, Different Class: Women’s Feminist Political Engagements in Kosovo from the Mid-1970s until the Mid-1990s

The year 1989, when Serbia revoked Kosovo’s autonomy, was a break that changed also the course of women’s political engagements. Women had always to negotiate and strategise with different layers of power and against different forms of oppression—state and patriarchal oppression and cultural racism as well as class oppression. The author highlights the convergences and divergences of women’s political activism in the political dynamics of late socialism and then in the 1990s in Kosovo. She looks at gender, class and national dimensions of women’s political engagements with a focus on women who were part of the underground resistance movement commonly known as Ilegalja in the 1970s and 1980s as well as women intellectuals who held high state positions and were considered a part of the elite. After 1989, many engaged in the peacaful resistance movement of the 1990s.

State ownership and value of cash: new evidence from an emerging market

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how state ownership influences value of cash in an institutional environment supporting soft-budget constraint.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs an interaction between state ownership and excess cash to examine how state ownership affects value of cash holdings based on Fama and French’s (1998) valuation model.FindingsWith a research data of 3,294 observations from 548 firms over the period 2009–2016, the authors find that state ownership is positively related to market value of cash. Moreover, this relationship is weaker in financially constrained firms.Originality/valueAlthough prior studies document a consistently negative effect of state ownership on market value of cash holdings, the authors argue that this effect may still be opposite. When managers of high state ownership firms rely on soft-budget constraint and save less cash, outside investors with this information disadvantage may focus more on precautionary motive and transaction motive than agency costs of cash holdings. As a result, value of cash holdings in high state ownership firms is higher. This paper contributes to the literature on corporate liquidity policy in emerging markets with new evidence on the role of state ownership in market value of cash holdings.

Rancang Bangun Alat Penanganan Dan Pengendalian Kebakaran Berbasis Arduino Nano Dengan Si stem IoT

This will be very useful for residents of the house to prevent what can cause a fire incident. In the main research, system design will make a fire detector and smoke and gas detector, using 3 Flame Sensors and 3 MQ-2 Sensors. This design concept will be installed in each room which consists of 3 rooms. The microcontroller used in this design system is an Arduino Nano microcontroller which functions as part of the Flame Sensor controller, MQ-2 Sensor, WeMos D1 Mini, Relay, and Buzzer. Furthermore, the system output uses a Flame Sensor which is already in a HIGH state so that it can activate automatic shutdown, and the tool can submit a notification to the occupants of the house via an android application called Blynk and an alarm sounds. If the implementation of the MQ-2 Sensor is in a HIGH state, the system will provide warning instructions in the form of a notification from the android and an alarm will sound for the occupants of the house. So that the residents of the house will be prepared to take action to extinguish the fire in the house. Keywords : Fire, Flame Sensor, MQ-2 Sensor

Multi-Wavelength Monitoring and Reverberation Mapping of a Changing Look Event in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 3516

We present the results of photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaigns of the changing look AGN NGC 3516 carried out in 2018 to 2020 covering the wavelength range from the X-ray to the optical. The facilities included the telescopes of the CMO SAI MSU, the 2.3-m WIRO telescope, and the XRT and UVOT of Swift. We found that NGC 3516 brightened to a high state and could be classified as Sy1.5 during the late spring of 2020. We have measured time delays in the responses of the Balmer and He II λ4686 lines to continuum variations. In the case of the best-characterized broad Hβ line, the delay to continuum variability is about 17 days in the blue wing and is clearly shorter, 9 days, in the red, which is suggestive of inflow. As the broad lines strengthened, the blue side came to dominate the Balmer lines, resulting in very asymmetric profiles with blueshifted peaks during this high state. During the outburst the X-ray flux reached its maximum on 1 April 2020 and it was the highest value ever observed for NGC 3516 by the Swift observatory. The X-ray hard photon index became softer, ∼1.8 in the maximum on 21 Apr 2020 compared to the mean ∼0.7 during earlier epochs before 2020. We have found that the UV and optical variations correlated well (with a small time delay of 1–2 days) with the X-ray until the beginning of April 2020, but later, until the end of Jun. 2020, these variations were not correlated. We suggest that this fact may be a consequence of partial obscuration by Compton-thick clouds crossing the line of sight.

Mutinies in Revolutionary Times

This chapter concerns four mutinies that occur against the background of revolutionary times, when the status quo is under threat, the military subordinates are no longer willing to acquiesce quietly, and the establishment is in a high state of nervous anxiety. The first two mutinies, at Spithead and the Nore in 1797, shook the British Royal Navy to its core: in the face of revolutionary acts across the channel in France, the seamen at Spithead effectively stop working until their claims of better pay and conditions are met. Given the precarious nature of the British Admiralty and government at this time, the mutiny is a success, but the consequences for a very similar mutiny just weeks later at the Nore are catastrophic for the mutineers as the British establishment unveils the mailed fist that it had been unable to deploy at Spithead. A few months later, in the same year, the crew of the Hermione undertake one of the bloodiest mutinies in British naval history, but one aimed at disposing of the officers and escaping to foreign lands, not securing improved pay and conditions. Some of the mutineers disappear for good, while others are hunted down and executed in a show of terror as meticulous as the original mutiny. The final mutiny covered here occurs on the Russian ship the Potemkin in 1905. Once again, the action occurs against the background of revolutionary fervour, but the requisite political support remains inadequate and the mutiny ultimately fails.