Influence of Social-Class Information and Spelling Mistakes on Judgment of Essays

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven ◽  
Jan Withag
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Class Information ◽  
Lower Social Class

In this study 244 student teachers had to assess an essay, in which number of spelling mistakes was varied. Class information was also manipulated. Both the presence of many spelling mistakes and the information that the student was of a lower social class evoked lower judgments. The results indicate that lower class children experience a double disadvantage when their essays are being assessed: the fact that they are less familiar with the standard language (spelling) as well as their social background subject them to lower judgments.

Career Development of Lower Social Class Adolescents in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-530
Author(s):  
Mae Hyang Hwang ◽  
Jihye Lee ◽  
Ae-Kyung Jung
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Lower Social Class

Despite increased efforts and a broadened understanding of social class and its impact on career development, the career development of lower social class adolescents and its interaction with sociocontextual factors remain understudied. The current study explored the educational and career experiences of South Korean high school seniors using a qualitative approach and the gender and social class career development model. Our sample included 14 lower class high school seniors who were preparing for different career paths after graduation. The data were collected at three time points, through two semistructured interviews, documents, and brief phone-call surveys. An inductive thematic analysis of 28 semistructured interviews and documentations revealed three domains with seven themes. The results demonstrated an influence of lower social class on adolescents’ socialization, access to resources, affectional and academic barriers, and academic and career attainment. The implications of the results for career counseling, interventions, policies, and future research are discussed.

Social Class and Reaction to Physical Disability

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Class Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Class Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this study the relationship between social class membership and reaction to physical disability was examined. It was hypothesized that this reaction would be conditioned by the relative emphasis attached to physique, and that this emphasis varied inversely with social class level, that is, the lower class would be expected to react more severely to physical impairment than would the middle class. Information was obtained on the families' definition of the problem, their intellectual optimism or pessimism, their actual behavior under these circumstances, and the relative emphasis which they attached to physique. The results showed that the majority of parents and children were well informed and generally quite optimistic about the problem. On the behavioral level, however, some families were able to cope more effectively than others; larger families managing a more balanced adjustment than smaller families. Lastly, most parents attached little significance to physique, and this seemed to facilitate their optimism in the face of disability. Over-all, there was no significant class bias in any of the above positions.

scholarly journals International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Martua Sihaloho ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Rilus A. Kinseng ◽  
Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Social Climbing

Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

scholarly journals Experiential or Material Purchases? Social Class Determines Purchase Happiness

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob C. Lee ◽  
Deborah L. Hall ◽  
Wendy Wood
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Wise Use ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Material Purchases ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Lower Social Class

Which should people buy to make themselves happy: experiences or material goods? The answer depends in part on the level of resources already available in their lives. Across multiple studies using a range of methodologies, we found that individuals of higher social class, whose abundant resources make it possible to focus on self-development and self-expression, were made happier by experiential over material purchases. No such experiential advantage emerged for individuals of lower social class, whose lesser resources engender concern with resource management and wise use of limited finances. Instead, lower-class individuals were made happier from material purchases or were equally happy from experiential and material purchases.

scholarly journals A brighter future: The effect of social class on responses to future debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-107
Author(s):  
Harrison J. Schmitt ◽  
Lucas A. Keefer ◽  
Daniel Sullivan ◽  
Sheridan Stewart ◽  
Isaac F. Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Subjective Social Class ◽  
Brighter Future

The present study serves as an exploratory investigation of the role of social class in responses to the threat of future debt. Previous work has shown that individuals of high and low subjective social class differ in the ways that they respond to a broad range of threats and uncertainties about the future. Across three studies, we found that lower social class individuals expect more future debt and suffer greater attendant stress than higher class individuals (Study 1). We found that experimental manipulations of debt salience increased stress for lower class and not for higher class individuals (Studies 2-3). Likewise, we found that higher class individuals experienced higher affect balance and perceptions of personal control when the possibility of future debt was made salient, specifically as a function of decreased fatalism about future debt (Study 3). These three studies reveal yet another situation in which individuals of lower and higher social class respond differently to threat, and serve as an important step toward understanding the psychological ramifications of rising debt in the United States.

Adolescents’ social background and non-standard writing in online communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Hilte ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove ◽  
Walter Daelemans
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Linguistic Proficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In a large corpus (2.9 million tokens) of chat conversations, we studied the impact of Flemish adolescents’ social background on non-standard writing. We found significant correlations between different aspects of social class (level of education, home language and profession of the parents) and all examined deviations from formal written standard Dutch. Clustering several social variables might not only lead to a better operationalization of the complex phenomenon of social class, it certainly allows for discriminating social groups with distinct linguistic practices: lower class teenagers used each of the non-standard features much more often and in some cases in a different way than their upper class peers. Possible explanations concern discrepancies in terms of both linguistic proficiency and linguistic attitudes. Our findings emphasize the importance of including social background as an independent variable in variationist studies on youngsters’ computer-mediated communication.

The Class–Compassion Gap

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Piff ◽  
Jake P. Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
And Behavior

Who is more likely to experience compassion: someone who is rich or someone who is poor? In this chapter, we review how psychological science can shed light on this question. We argue that social class differences in objective material resources (e.g., income) and corresponding subjective perceptions of rank produce self- versus other-oriented patterns of social cognition and behavior among upper- and lower-class individuals, respectively. Extending this framework to the domain of compassion, empirical studies find that individuals from lower social class backgrounds are more prone to feelings of compassion and more likely to behave in ways that are compassionate, including sharing with, caring for, and helping others, relative to individuals from higher social class backgrounds. We describe boundary conditions and mitigating factors to the class–compassion gap, and conclude by outlining important questions and lines of inquiry to guide future research.

Social Differences in Auditory Perception

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-870
Author(s):  
Herbert G. Birch ◽  
Ira Belmont ◽  
Eric Karp
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Error ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Indirect Analysis ◽  
Do So

Two groups differing in social background and ethnicity were found to respond differently to an auditory time error task. The white middle-class group tended to overestimate the intensity of the second of two objectively equal stimuli and showed a rising curve of overestimation as the time interval between stimuli increased from 1 to 5 sec. They conformed to the response pattern exhibited by similar social groups in previous time error experiments. In contrast, a lower-class group of Negro Ss tended to underestimate the second stimulus and to show a decreasing tendency to do so over time. Indirect analysis suggested that social class and not ethnicity was the critically effective variable in producing the obtained differences but did not exclude the possibility of interaction between these variables. Results reinforce the view that even within a given society, social class and ethnic differences are associated with alterations in an aspect of perceptual functioning which may be pertinent to learning and attention.

scholarly journals Social Class and Poverty in American Society in the 2000’s Era as Seen in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games Novel

Lexicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidy Putri Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Hunger Games ◽  
American Society

The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins tells about the survival game in one country and the participant of the game is obtained by random election in each district of the country. The objective of this paper is to reveal the economic inequality in American society in the 2000’s era that is depicted in the novel. The method used is based on library research. The main data of the study were The Hunger Game novel. The secondary data to support the analysis were books, articles, and encyclopedias. Additional information is also taken from the internet.The theory applied in this article is mimetic approach. It analyses the character, setting, plot, and theme. The findings show that there is a gap between the upper class and the lower class. The lower class has to struggle to still alive, while the upper class becomes richer. The upper class also has more power than the lower class. Then, the lower class is suffering from the poverty. Social class is one of thing that determines people to have more opportunity in the society.It can be concluded that the novel is about the reflection of the society condition of American society in the 2000’s era. The author of the novel describes the social gap, social class, and poverty in American society very clearly and in detail. Therefore,there any differences between The Hunger Games and social background.

scholarly journals Roszczeniowość vs ugodowość. Postawy rodzicielskie w środowiskach szkolnych z perspektywy teorii reprodukcji społeczno-kulturowej Pierre’a Bourdieu

1970 ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Jurczak-Morris Marta
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Parental Participation ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Education Process

  School is a unique environment of social interactions. It generates the variety of attitudes and behaviours. This paper demonstrates differences in the attitudes towards school of parents, according to their social status. The research study emphasises that social class is one of the key determinants of ways in which parents participate in their children’s education process. Likewise, it shows that educational aspirations of a certain group of parents, as well as their vision of what education should look like vary and make up specific‘class patterns’ of parental participation in education. This qualitative rese-arch clarifiesthat most parents from advantaged social background have a clear vision on education as well as expectations towards school. They are therefore more likely to demand and complain. On the contrary, parents from a lower social class tend to be conciliatory, unquestionably trusting the school institution.

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