Understanding of Financial Literacy as a Moderating Variable on the Effect of Financial Technology on Financial Inclusion in Lubuklinggau City, Indonesia

This study investigates the effect of fintech on financial inclusion, and financial literacy, it was able to influence financial literacy on financial inclusion in Lubuklinggau. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to eight districts in the city of Lubuklinggau with a total sample of 401 people who use fintech as the main requirement. Data analysis was carried out with WarpPLS to identify direct and indirect effects on the tested variables. Based on the results, the perception of the ease and effectiveness of using fintech does not affect financial inclusion in Lubuklinggau. People are still not familiar with fintech and consider fintech as a new financial system and not easy to use. The level of risk and interest in using fintech has a significant influence on the financial inclusion variable in the Lubuklinggau. The indirect analysis explains it proves that financial literacy is able to moderate perceptions of the ease of using fintech and reduce the risk of fintech itself on financial inclusion. However, financial literacy is not able to moderate the effectiveness of using fintech and interest in financial inclusion to use of fintech after understanding financial literacy, people become more selective in using fintech.

AI-Based Condition Monitoring of Hydraulic Valves in Zonal Hydraulics Using Simulated Electric Motor Signals

Zonal hydraulics, in particular Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH), is an emerging transmission and actuation technique that is proposed to be used for electrification of heavy-duty mobile machinery. In addition to the already demonstrated advantages of DDH, which include high efficiency, compactness, and ease of maintenance, it is also capable of condition monitoring. The condition monitoring features can be obtained through indirect analysis of the existing electric motor signals (voltage and current) using artificial intelligence-based algorithms rather than by adding extra sensors, which are normally required for conventional realization. In this paper, the valve condition monitoring method of the DDH through electrical motor signals is explored at an early development stage. Firstly, the hydraulic valve models, which involve the valve fault behaviors, are added to the basic DDH model. Secondly, healthy and faulty scenarios for the valves are simulated, and the data are generated. Thirdly, the preliminary artificial intelligence-based condition monitoring classifier is developed using the simulation data, including feature extraction, algorithm training, testing, and comparison of accuracy. The effects of modeling error on developing the condition monitoring function are analyzed. In conclusion, the preliminary outcomes for the valve condition monitoring of the DDH are achieved by taking advantage of modeling and simulation and by utilizing the existing electric motor signals.

Sociolinguistic analysis of the communication style of users of social networks and messengers

The article presents a sociolinguistic analysis of the communication style of users in social networks and messengers. Based on the methods of sociolinguistics and indirect analysis methods of discourse, the usual moments of exchanging messages between users of a certain social group in Viber are compared with their interactions using the same environment in social networks during the occurrence of non-standard situations. The combination of case studies and the study of key moments when relevant offline moments affect the linguistic practices of a particular community can influence the understanding of current semi-social online communication. Accordingly, stylistic and linguistic practices of communication in social networks and messengers bear the imprint of the communication process and are directly related to the topic of the issues discussed. If, outside of a critical situation, such communication will receive an impression of ease and be confirmed by the usage of colloquial words, impulsive abbreviations, named sentences and a significant number of emojis.

Abstract MP41: Isolation Of Gastrointestinal Interstitial Fluid As A Novel Method To Capture Host-microbiome Crosstalk

Metabolites produced by the microbiome such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan metabolites have been shown to impact the pathogenesis of hypertension. The microenvironment of the host gastrointestinal (GI) tract acts as the site-of-action for many host-microbiome interactions, although this space is not readily accessible. Fecal or serum samples are commonly used as a proxy, relying on the assumption that the obtained information should in some respect represent what is seen at the host epithelial interface. We surmised that it would be feasible to overcome the limitations of such indirect analysis by isolating interstitial fluid (IF) from the gut mucosa. We have established two methodologies to isolate IF from small segments of along GI tract, a centrifugation-based and elution-based approach in rats and mice. For rats and mice, 51 Cr-EDTA tracer experiments were used to demonstrate that fluid obtained was from an extracellular origin and can be reliably considered IF. Using GC-MS, we could identify several SCFAs (acetate, butyrate, propionate, valerate) within eluted IF samples. We were able to empirically measure the enrichment of these metabolites in eluted IF from the colon of rats compared to the duodenum (for propionate; mean difference=59.57 μM, p-value < 0.0001) or the serum (for propionate; mean difference= 60.25 μM, p-value < 0.0001). LC-MS based shotgun proteomics revealed that proteins annotated to the extracellular phase were site-specifically identifiable in IF and were differentially expressed when compared to matched serum samples. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that the use of tissue for IF isolation does not impede the use of other methods such as immunophenotyping or histology. Absolute CD45+ cells from the lamina propria measured using flow cytometry were not influenced by IF methods (p-value = 0.8344) but were unsurprisingly influenced by the gut segment which was analyzed (p-value = 0.0010). The ability to collect IF and directly measure metabolites at the site-of-action overcomes the limitations of indirect analysis of fecal samples or serum from the systemic circulation, and thus offers direct insight into this hitherto underexplored compartment.

In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Ochratoxin A-Derived Glucuronides and Mercapturic Acids as Biomarkers of Exposure

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread food contaminant, with exposure estimated to range from 0.64 to 17.79 ng/kg body weight (bw) for average consumers and from 2.40 to 51.69 ng/kg bw per day for high consumers. Current exposure estimates are, however, associated with considerable uncertainty. While biomarker-based approaches may contribute to improved exposure assessment, there is yet insufficient data on urinary metabolites of OTA and their relation to external dose to allow reliable estimates of daily intake. This study was designed to assess potential species differences in phase II biotransformation in vitro and to establish a correlation between urinary OTA-derived glucuronides and mercapturic acids and external exposure in rats in vivo. In vitro analyses of OTA metabolism using the liver S9 of rats, humans, rabbits and minipigs confirmed formation of an OTA glucuronide but provided no evidence for the formation of OTA-derived mercapturic acids to support their use as biomarkers. Similarly, OTA-derived mercapturic acids were not detected in urine of rats repeatedly dosed with OTA, while indirect analysis using enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine samples prior to LC–MS/MS established a linear relationship between urinary glucuronide excretion and OTA exposure. These results support OTA-derived glucuronides but not mercapturic acids as metabolites suitable for biomonitoring.

Profiling temporal dynamics of acetogenic communities in anaerobic digesters using next-generation sequencing and T-RFLP

Acetogens play a key role in anaerobic degradation of organic material and in maintaining biogas process efficiency. Profiling this community and its temporal changes can help evaluate process stability and function, especially under disturbance/stress conditions, and avoid complete process failure. The formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene can be used as a marker for acetogenic community profiling in diverse environments. In this study, we developed a new high-throughput FTHFS gene sequencing method for acetogenic community profiling and compared it with conventional terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the FTHFS gene, 16S rRNA gene-based profiling of the whole bacterial community, and indirect analysis via 16S rRNA profiling of the FTHFS gene-harbouring community. Analyses and method comparisons were made using samples from two laboratory-scale biogas processes, one operated under stable control and one exposed to controlled overloading disturbance. Comparative analysis revealed satisfactory detection of the bacterial community and its changes for all methods, but with some differences in resolution and taxonomic identification. FTHFS gene sequencing was found to be the most suitable and reliable method to study acetogenic communities. These results pave the way for community profiling in various biogas processes and in other environments where the dynamics of acetogenic bacteria have not been well studied.

Vineyard Clusters Monitored by Means of Litterbag-NIRS and Foliar-NIRS Spectroscopic Methods

There is currently a lack of rapid indirect analysis methods for the assessment of the effects of soil microbiota on vine production. Fifteen clusters of two Nebbiolo and Erbaluce varieties were identified in five vineyards belonging to a cooperative of winemakers in North West Italy, according to the differences in the NDVI index, as monitored by the Crop Monitoring OES system. The vineyards were surveyed in 2019 and the experimental monitoring of 75 vines was conducted in 2020. The first indirect method (Litterbag-NIRS) involved examining hay litterbags with a smart SCiOTM device. The average litterbag-NIR spectra of the clusters, as far as the yield is concerned, were closely fitted with the measured production yield, with an R2 cross-validated value of 0.91 in the Nebbiolo vines and 0.67 in the Erbaluce vines. The results in yield were accounted for by considering a few dominant variables in both vines, namely the microbic respiration of the soil and the crude protein of the litterbag (positive), opposed to the soil NO3--N and litterbag ADF (negative). The pruning wood was also closely correlated to the litterbag spectra. A second rapid method, foliar pH coupled with the NIR spectroscopy of the leaves, was then performed. The overall results predicted from the foliar NIRS were 0.73 for yield and 0.79 for the Canopy Cover. However, the most interesting result concerned the yield regressions on the foliar pH, which were clearly negative in both vines and of a similar amount: -5.15 kg/pH in Nebbiolo (R2 0.68) and -5.63 kg/pH (R2 0.23) in Erbaluce. Litterbag-NIRS, which shows a high predictive capacity, and foliar pH - with or without foliar-NIRS - are indirect and frugal methods that can be recommended for a rational assessment of the microbial soil fertility of vineyards.

On the political technology of Victorian England: the concept of “jingo” in the publishing practice of “Punch” magazine (1878–1879)

We explore the logic and techniques of using the concept of “jingo” in the publishing practice of “Punch” magazine as a tool of political technologies aimed at shaping public opinion on key issues of foreign policy and electoral behavior in Britain in 1878–1879. The urgency of the problem being analyzed is due to the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the pheno-menon of jingoism as one of the significant manifestations of the political history and culture of Victorian England. The study adopted a cross-disciplinary approach, which involves politically and linguistically indirect analysis of the concept of “jingo” in the context of the political and ideological realities of British history during the Eastern crisis of the 1870s of the 19th century. Specific examples show that the peculiarities of the genre of the magazine, its popularity, consideration of the cultural request of its audience determined the choice of language means, the style of presentation of the material and the choice of images. It is justified that the methods used in the texts of Punch were aimed at maintaining a positive image of the liberals and discrediting opponents both at the personal level and the party. It is concluded that the concept of “jingo” in the propaganda campaign of “Punch” has taken meaning propaganda cliches, which acted as a means of political identification, social and political advertising and anti-advertising, served as a tool to manipulate public opinion. This study may provide material for a number of further studies in the study of British political culture.

EFFECT OF CONDUCTIVITY IN CORROSION PROBLEM USING BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD AND GENETIC ALGORITHM

Boundary element method applications with inverse solution are used to apply the indirect analysis for modeling of corrosion problem. Laplace equation has been used to model the electrical potential in the electrolyte surface. In this paper a computer modeling has been developed to visualize the effect of conductivity value in corrosion problem. Genetic algorithm is used to create the conductivity value based on the mechanics of natural selection and genetics. The boundary element method is then calculating the potential value of the whole domain. FORTRAN and MATLAB program have been developed to calculate and visualize the potential distribution in the domain. Two-dimensional example problems are analyzed to demonstrate the application of the proposed boundary element modeling procedure.

In vitro Neutralisation Potential of Metal-Herbal (Copper-Leucas zeylanica) Nanocomposite (MHNC) against Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus Venoms

Snake-bite gives rise to significant socio-economic, and limitations of antivenom have raised the necessity for the development of novel neutralising compounds. The present study concentrates on evaluating the neutralisation potential of Copper nanoparticles, Leucas zeylanica leaf extracts and Metal-Herbal Nanocomposite (MHNC) against Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venoms. The antigenic potency of snake venoms was determined by gel precipitation test. Leucas zeylanica leaves were used for extraction, and extracts were further purified by column chromatography. Size of Leucas zeylanica extract was found to be 86.7±7.1nm and 249.4±27.3nm for MHNC. Zeta potential values determined the Stability of the MHNC. MHNC showed higher neutralisation to venoms than the Leucas zeylanica extracts. In direct hemolysis, the efficiency of Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venoms treated with Leucas zeylanica leaf extract was found to be 30% and 27.2%, whereas MHNC showed 16.1% against Naja naja venom and 17.1% Bungarus caeruleus venom. From Indirect analysis, Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venom were able to produce 28mm and 26mm diameter hemolytic halo zones. On treatment with MHNC, the zones were reduced to 15mm and 11mm than Leucas zeylanica extract. This result indicates the MHNC can be used for the treatment of snake bites.