Psychosocial Factors Associated with the Adjustment of Basic Trainees in the U. S. Army

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson J. Swihart ◽  
Theodore Borek ◽  
Walter R. Schumm
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adjustment Difficulties ◽  
Military Mental Health ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Self-report data from 114 basic trainees referred to a military mental health facility at Fort Bragg for adjustment difficulties were compared to equivalent data obtained from a random sample of 40 trainees at the same installation in the summer of 1968. Greater adjustment difficulties were associated with involuntary enlistment, failure to complete high school, poorer grades in high school, previous arrest record or psychiatric care, urban background, abuse of drugs or alcohol, and self-description as a “loner.” No significant differences were found by race, age, or marital status.

scholarly journals Weight-related psychological inflexibility as a mediator between weight self-stigma and health-related outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-330
Author(s):  
Julie M. Petersen ◽  
Carrie Durward ◽  
Michael Levin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Self Report Data

Weight self-stigma, the internalization of negative societal stereotypes, is a problem among populations with high weight. Weight self-stigma is associated with psychological inflexibility and maladaptive health-related behaviors. In this study, the authors explore how weight-related psychological inflexibility may influence weight self-stigma and health-related outcomes in 79 adults with high weight. Participants were primarily White (92.4%) and female (82.3%), with an average age of 39.56 years and average body mass index of 33.78. The study uses baseline, self-report data from a larger trial. Results indicate that weight self-stigma was negatively correlated with maladaptive eating behaviors, weight, and mental health. Weight-related psychological inflexibility was found as a significant mediator for the relationship between weight self-stigma and emotional eating, sedentary behavior, and mental health. Weight-related psychological inflexibility did not mediate the relationships between weight self-stigma and other eating measures and physical activity. These results support targeting weight-related psychological inflexibility and weight self-stigma in interventions.

Using statewide administrative data and brief mental health screening to estimate the prevalence of mental illness among probationers

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya B. Van Deinse ◽  
Gary S. Cuddeback ◽  
Amy Blank Wilson ◽  
Michael Lambert ◽  
Daniel Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Mental Health Assessment ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

There is little published information about the measures that probation agencies in the United States use to identify individuals with mental illnesses who are under community supervision. This study used statewide administrative data to estimate and compare the prevalence of mental illnesses among probationers using officer report and offender self-report data. Prevalence estimates of mental illnesses ranged from 15 percent to 19 percent, which is consistent with prior studies that used formal diagnostic assessments. In the absence of costly and time-consuming diagnostic assessments, probation agency-developed mental health scales can aid in identifying those who might be in need of additional mental health assessment.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt in prison

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Favril ◽  
Rory C. O’Connor ◽  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Freya Vander Laenen
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Background Although research has identified a wide range of risk factors for suicidal behavior in prisoners, it does not establish who is most likely to act on their suicidal thoughts while incarcerated. Methods Self-report data were collected from a random sample of 1,203 adult men incarcerated across 15 prisons in Belgium, who represent 12% of all male prisoners nationwide. Results One-third (33%) of participants reported having suicidal thoughts during their incarceration, of whom 26% attempted suicide in prison (9% of all prisoners). Factors independently associated with suicide attempt among prisoners with suicidal ideation were violent offending (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–5.23), in-prison drug use (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.25–4.22), exposure to suicidal behavior (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.68), and a lifetime history of nonsuicidal self-injury (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.08–3.36). While related to suicidal thoughts, markers of psychiatric morbidity and aspects of the prison regime were not associated with the progression to suicide attempt. Conclusions Many prisoners who think about suicide do not attempt suicide while incarcerated. Factors associated with suicidal ideation are distinct from those that govern the transition to suicidal behavior. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that behavioral disinhibition might act as a catalyst in the translation of suicidal thoughts into action.

scholarly journals Satisficing in Mental Health Care Patients: The Effect of Cognitive Symptoms on Self-Report Data Quality

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Conijn ◽  
L. Andries van der Ark ◽  
Philip Spinhoven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Respondents may use satisficing (i.e., nonoptimal) strategies when responding to self-report questionnaires. These satisficing strategies become more likely with decreasing motivation and/or cognitive ability (Krosnick, 1991). Considering that cognitive deficits are characteristic of depressive and anxiety disorders, depressed and anxious patients may be prone to satisficing. Using data from the Netherland’s Study of Depression and Anxiety ( N = 2,945), we studied the relationship between depression and anxiety, cognitive symptoms, and satisficing strategies on the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Results showed that respondents with either an anxiety disorder or a comorbid anxiety and depression disorder used satisficing strategies substantially more often than healthy respondents. Cognitive symptom severity partly mediated the effect of anxiety disorder and comorbid anxiety disorder on satisficing. The results suggest that depressed and anxious patients produce relatively low-quality self-report data—partly due to cognitive symptoms. Future research should investigate the degree of satisficing across different mental health care assessment contexts.

Empirical Foundations and Limits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Drago Piechowski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on empirical foundations and limitations relevant to disability evaluation. It first considers the prevalence of disability claims and the demographics of disability claimants before turning to a discussion of the relationship between disability outcomes and mental health disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and cognitive disorders. It then reviews research regarding the impact on work-functioning of various mental health conditions and the effect of treatment, along with findings on the use of psychological tests, self-report data, and third-party information in disability evaluations. Finally, it assesses the prevalence of dissimulation in disability claims and describes appropriate methods for addressing this in the evaluation.

scholarly journals Extent and contributing factors of drug expenditure of injectors in Glasgow

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hutchinson ◽  
S. M. Gore ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
D. J. Goldberg ◽  
M. Frischer
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Drug Expenditure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Report Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundRecent concern about drug use has focused attention on the illegal income generated by users.AimsTo investigate factors associated with drugs expenditure and to estimate the cost of illegal acquisitions used to pay for drugs.MethodWe collected self-report data from 954 current injectors, interviewed at multiple street, needle/syringe exchange and drug treatment sites throughout Glasgow.ResultsInjectors' mean weekly drug spending was £324. The mean annual illegal drugs spend was estimated to be £11 000 per injector. We provide a central estimate – £194 million per annum – of the retail value of goods acquired illegally by injectors in Glasgow in order to pay for drugs. Higher drug spends were associated with having been imprisoned more often and with those reporting acquisitive crime, drug dealing and prostitution. Treatment with methadone, among individuals who injected in the previous two months, was associated with a 20% reduction in atypical spend on drugs.ConclusionsTreatment effectiveness needs to be measured both in terms of health benefit and in terms of reduction in drugs expenditure and recidivism.

Gender Differences and Similarities in Patterns of Drug Use and Attitudes of High School Students

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro J. Pascale ◽  
William J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

The purpose of this research was to study the results of a large scale drug survey of high school students in the context of the baseline data provided by four previous surveys. These surveys were conducted at three-year intervals beginning in 1977. The most recent survey contained self report data from 2,000 students representing fifteen schools in northeast Ohio. The instrument yields information on fourteen categories of drugs. Gender differences in drug use, perceived harmfulness of drugs, and age of first experimentation are reported. No gender differences were found in the reasons students give for turning to drugs. Baseline data from the four previous surveys comprised approximately 8,000 respondents.

scholarly journals Measuring Expectations About College Adjustment

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baker ◽  
Kim L. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Adjustment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Research on an instrument designed to measure matriculating students' expectations or level of confidence regarding their capacity for adjusting to college shows the instrument to be reliable and predictably related to a variety of pre- and postmatriculation self-report data and real-life behaviors. Uses of the instrument in high school as well as college are considered.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

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