Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations as Determinants of Exercise Adherence

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Desharnais ◽  
Jacques Bouillon ◽  
Gaston Godin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Cognitive Mediators ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
The Individual

Based upon Bandura's (1977) theory of self-efficacy, this prospective research concerned the prediction of adherence to exercise in a physical fitness program. Adherence was predicted from expectations of both outcome and self-efficacy measured at the first meeting of a 22-session exercise program (two sessions per week). 98 adults of both sexes participated. After completion of the program, participants were classified as “adherers” or “dropouts” from attendance records. Analysis showed that, self-efficacy was a more central determinant of adherence than expectation of outcome, although both variables were significant cognitive mediators of adherence to exercise. At the outset of the program, potential dropouts displayed less certainty than adherers about their capacity to attend the program regularly until its completion. They also expected mote benefits from participation in the program. This suggests that the likelihood of adhering to or dropping out of a fitness program may partly reside in the individual at the outset of involvement. Based on this finding, strategies to improve adherence to exercise are proposed.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Walking and Exercise Adherence in Healthy Older Adults Using Monitoring and Interfacing Technology: Preliminary Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6142
Author(s):  
Andrea Albergoni ◽  
Florentina J. Hettinga ◽  
Wim Stut ◽  
Francesco Sartor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Program Adherence

Background: Monitoring and interfacing technologies may increase physical activity (PA) program adherence in older adults, but they should account for aspects influencing older adults’ PA behavior. This study aimed at gathering preliminary wrist-based PA adherence data in free-living and relate these to the influencing factors. Methods: Ten healthy older adults (4 females, aged 70–78 years) provided health, fatigue, activity levels, attitude towards pacing, and self-efficacy information and performed a 6 min-walk test to assess their fitness. After a baseline week they followed a two-week walking and exercise intervention. Participants saw their progress via a purposely designed mobile application. Results: Walking and exercise adherence did not increase during the intervention (p = 0.38, p = 0.65). Self-efficacy decreased (p = 0.024). The baseline physical component of the Short Form Health Survey was the most predictive variable of walking adherence. Baseline perceived risk of over-activity and resting heart rate (HRrest) were the most predictive variables of exercise adherence. When the latter two were used to cluster participants according to their exercise adherence, the fitness gap between exercise-adherent and non-adherent increased after the intervention (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Risk of over-activity and HRrest profiled short-term exercise adherence in older adults. If confirmed in a larger and longer study, these could personalize interventions aimed at increasing adherence.

scholarly journals Buy-In for Back Pain: Does Individualization Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Gibbs ◽  
Paul W.M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
General Exercise ◽  
Intention To Exercise ◽  
First Session

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of individualization of an exercise program on the buy-in received from chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Methods: Participants were randomized to 8 weeks of an individualized (IEP) or general exercise program (GEP). All participants were required to attend one 1:1 session per week with an exercise physiologist and 4 home-based sessions. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog pain scale (VAS) measured before and after the 8-week intervention along with barrier self-efficacy and adherence. Additionally, multidimensional outcome expectations, exercise self-efficacy, and intention to exercise were measured before the intervention, after the first session, and after 8 weeks. Measures were taken after the first session to observe if clinical assessment and informing the patient that the program was individualized manipulated beliefs differently compared to providing a GEP. Beliefs about the program after the first session were elevated in both groups. Results: Adherence to the supervised and home-based sessions was high and similar between groups. Clinical outcome measures were similar with both groups showing significant reduction from baseline in the ODI (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Thus, it appears an individualized program is no more beneficial than a GEP for CLBP. Clinically, it appears a GEP is an intelligent choice for practitioners as it negates the need for clinical assessments, which appear to add no benefit to outcomes or adherence.

scholarly journals Transitions in Adherence Trajectories From Intervention to Maintenance of a Falls Prevention Exercise Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Pildoo Sung ◽  
May-Ling June Lee ◽  
Kok Yang Tan ◽  
Rahul Malhotra ◽  
Angelique Chan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Active Intervention

Abstract The successful implementation of a falls prevention exercise program for older adults hinges on self-maintenance after active intervention. However, little is known about the pattern of adherence from the intervention to the maintenance phase of such programs, and the factors influencing adherence. We investigate transitions in exercise adherence trajectories from the active intervention to the maintenance phase of a falls prevention exercise program in Singapore, and whether exercise self-efficacy is associated with adherence in the maintenance phase. We analyze data of 143 older adults who participated in a 12-week, group-based falls prevention exercise program, followed by a 6-month maintenance phase, in 2018-2019. Sequential process latent class growth modeling identifies the distinct exercise adherence trajectories in the active intervention and the maintenance phase separately and their transition patterns. Multivariable regression examines whether baseline and change in self-efficacy during the active intervention predict adherence during the maintenance phase. The analysis reveals three exercise adherence trajectories— adherent (40% of participants), intermittent (38%), and disengaged (22%)—in the active intervention phase, and two trajectories—adherent (33%) and disengaged (67%)—in the maintenance phase. Those adherent in the maintenance phase comprise participants who were adherent (42%) or intermittent (58%) in the active intervention phase. Baseline and increase in exercise self-efficacy during the active intervention are positively associated with adherence in the maintenance phase. The findings capture the heterogeneity in exercise adherence patterns within and across the active intervention and maintenance phases of falls prevention exercise program, and the importance of exercise self-efficacy in continued adherence to exercise.

scholarly journals Motivation Levels and Goals for the Practice of Physical Exercise in Five Different Modalities: A Correspondence Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Correia Borges ◽  
Gilson Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
Ronaldo Angelo Dias da Silva ◽  
Eduardo da Silva Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Training Motivation ◽  
Motivation Level

The identification of the practitioner’s profile regarding their motivation level for physical exercise engagement could be a behavioral strategy to increase exercise adherence. The present study investigates the associations between motivation levels, modalities practiced, and goals concerning the practice of physical exercise among physical exercise practitioners. A total of 100 physical exercise practitioners, of which 67 were women, took part in this study. The participants were engaged in extreme fitness program, strength training, fight training, Pilates, and functional training. Motivation level (BREQ-3) and expectations regarding regular physical exercise (IMPRAF-54) were assessed. A multiple correspondence analysis demonstrates preferential relationships between descriptive and non-inferential variables. Strength training and fight training practitioners seek these modalities with the goals of “Health” and “Aesthetics,” demonstrating low autonomy in relation to the behavior for the practice of physical exercise. Extreme conditioning program and functional training practitioners have as goal “Pleasure,” demonstrating medium and high levels of autonomy for such practice and Pilates practitioners have the goal of “Stress Control.” To promote and encourage the regular practice of physical exercise, this strategy could be used to take actions that increase the public’s intention to start or continue in a physical exercise program.

Predicting the Adoption and Maintenance of Exercise Participation Using Self-Efficacy and Previous Exercise Participation Rates

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Oman ◽  
Abby C. King
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Intensity Class ◽  
Independent Effects

Objectives. To investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, changes in self-efficacy, past exercise participation, future exercise adherence, and exercise program format. Methods. Two-year randomized trial involving subjects (n = 63) participating in an aerobic exercise program. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three exercise conditions: higher-intensity home-based exercise, higher-intensity class-based exercise, or lower-intensity home-based exercise. Results. Results indicated that baseline self-efficacy and exercise format had significant (p <.02), independent effects on adherence during the adoption and early maintenance phases of exercise behavior. In contrast, in predicting long-term exercise program maintenance, a significant (p <.05) self-efficacy X exercise format interaction indicated that self-efficacy predicted adherence only in the supervised home-based exercise conditions. Results also suggest that baseline self-efficacy, independent of the effect of past adherence, significantly (p <.03) predicted exercise adherence during the adoption phase, but not early maintenance phase, of exercise behavior. Finally, adherence change during the adoption phase of exercise behavior significantly (p <.04) predicted Year-one levels of self-efficacy even after adjusting far the effect of baseline self-efficacy. Conclusions. These results suggest that exercise program format as well as an individual's initial cognitive and behavioral experiences in an exercise program play significant roles in determining exercise adherence.

scholarly journals Pilot study on comparisons between the effectiveness of mobile video-guided and paper-based home exercise programs on improving exercise adherence, self-efficacy for exercise and functional outcomes of patients with stroke with 3-month follow-up: A single-blind randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Bryan Ping Ho Chung ◽  
Wendy Kam Ha Chiang ◽  
Herman Lau ◽  
Titanic Fuk On Lau ◽  
Charles Wai Kin Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mobile Video ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of mobile video-guided home exercise program and standard paper-based home exercise program. Methods: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group with mobile video-guided home exercise program or control group with home exercise program in a standard pamphlet for three months. The primary outcome was exercise adherence. The secondary outcomes were self-efficacy for exercise by Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale; and functional outcomes including mobility level by Modified Functional Ambulatory Category (MFAC) and basic activities of daily living (ADL) by Modified Barthel Index (MBI). All outcomes were captured by phone interviews at 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after the participants were discharged from the hospitals. Results: A total of 56 participants were allocated to the experimental group [Formula: see text] and control group [Formula: see text]. There were a significant between-group differences in 3-months exercise adherence (experimental group: 75.6%; control group: 55.2%); significant between-group differences in 1-month SEE (experimental group: 58.4; control group: 43.3) and 3-month SEE (experimental group: 62.2; control group: 45.6). For functional outcomes, there were significant between-group differences in 3-month MFAC gain (experimental group: 1.7; control group: 1.0). There were no between-group differences in MBI gain. Conclusion: The use of mobile video-guided home exercise program was superior to standard paper-based home exercise program in exercise adherence, SEE and mobility gain but not basic ADL gain for patients recovering from stroke.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Exercise Intervention on Psychological and Physical Fitness in Lymphoma Patients

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fischetti ◽  
Greco ◽  
Cataldi ◽  
Minoia ◽  
Loseto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Supervised Exercise Program

Background and objectives: Lymphoma patients experience a psychological and physiological decline that could be reversed by exercise. However, little is known about the effects of the exercise on psychological and physical fitness variables. Therefore, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess self-efficacy, fatigue and physical fitness before and after an eight-week exercise intervention. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six participants (54.4 ± 19.1 years) performed a supervised exercise program (~60 min, 2d·wk−1). Each session included a combined progressive training of cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility and postural education exercises. Self-efficacy and fatigue were measured with the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy scale and 0–10 rating scale, respectively. Physical fitness was assessed with the body mass index, lower back flexibility, static balance, muscle strength and functional mobility. Results: Adherence to exercise was high (91.2% ± 4.8%) and no major health problems were noted in the patients over the intervention period. At baseline, significant differences were found between Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients by age and all dependent measures (p < 0.05). Fatigue significantly decreased and the perceived capability to regulate negative affect and to express positive emotions improved after exercise (p < 0.001). Significant improvements were found for body mass index, trunk lateral flexibility, monopodalic balance, isometric handgrip force and functional mobility (p < 0.001). Fatigue was significantly correlated with handgrip force (r = −0.56, p < 0.001) and functional mobility (r = −0.69, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The supervised exercise program improved psychological and physical fitness without causing adverse effects and health problems. Therefore, exercise to improve fitness levels and reduce perceived fatigue should be considered in the management of lymphoma patients.

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