Cross-Cultural Application of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: A Study of Black South African Students

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brian Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
African Students ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Scale Scores

This article reports normative and psychometric data for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale when used with black South African students. Subjects were 450 undergraduate students in psychology. The reliability, validity, and factor structure of the scale were consistent with previously reported findings. The correlations of CES-Depression Scale scores with certain demographic variables are also reported.

Problem-Solving Appraisal in the Association of Life Stress and Depression: A South African Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brian Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
South African ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on the role that appraisal of problem-solving skills plays in the relationship of stress to distress. 450 black South African university students completed the Life Experiences Survey, the Problem Solving Inventory, and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multiple regression analysis indicated a direct effect for problem-solving appraisal on depression, but no support could be found for the stress-buffering effects of problem-solving appraisal.

The Irrational Beliefs Inventory: Cross-Cultural Comparisons between South African and Previously Published Dutch and American Samples

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilize Du Plessis ◽  
André T. Möller ◽  
Henry R. Steel
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
African Students ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Psychometric Scales ◽  
African Black

The Irrational Beliefs Inventory gives a measure of irrational beliefs, as postulated by Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior therapy. Given the increasing cross-cultural use of psychometric scales, it is important to assess whether the psychometric properties of the inventory are consistent across cultures. In the present study cross-cultural applicability, in terms of internal consistency and independence of subscales, was investigated for an ad hoc sample of White ( n = 100, M age = 21.3 yr., SD = 4.0) and Black ( n = 82, M age = 19.8 yr., SD = 2.2) undergraduate South African university students. Cronbach coefficients alpha for the subscales and Pearson correlations between subscales for American and Dutch students, as reported by Bridges and Sanderman, were compared with those indices for the South African students. The magnitude and rank order of Cronbach α, as well as the correlations between subscales for the three groups showed strong similarities. Values of alpha for the Black South African students were lower in magnitude on all subscales than those for American, Dutch, and White South African samples, but intercorrelations between subscale scores were consistent. Findings in the present study are supportive of the cross-cultural applicability of the Irrational Beliefs Inventory to White South African students but not to South African Black students.

Measuring Life Events in a Sample of South African Students: Comparison of the Life Experiences Survey and the Schedule of Recent Experiences

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brian Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
African Students ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
African Context

This study compared the Life Experiences Survey and the Schedule of Recent Experiences for a sample of 213 students. Scores on the Life Experiences Survey–Negative discriminated between rural and urban students and between African language speakers and Afrikaans/English speakers. A small but significant correlation between Life Experiences Survey–Negative and scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale was found, while there was no correlation between scores on the Schedule of Recent Experiences with depression. The Life Experiences Survey–Negative was the only significant predictor of Depression scores. The Life Experiences Survey–Negative interacted significantly with all the measures of social support (Friends, Family, Satisfaction, and Number of Supports) in predicting depression, while the Schedule of Recent Experiences only interacted significantly with support from Family and Number of Supports. The study also provides support for clearly distinguishing between desirable and undesirable events, since positive events moderated the correlation of negative events with depression. The Life Experiences Survey is a more promising measure of life events than the Schedule of Recent Experiences in the South African context.

Willingness to use Social Support: Use of the Network Orientation Scale with Black South African Students

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017
Author(s):  
T. Brian Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
South African ◽  
African Students ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Network Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Willingness To Use

This study focused on the psychometric properties of the Network Orientation Scale as used with South African students. This scale presumably measures an individual's willingness to use personal social resources. 450 black South African students completed the Network Orientation Scale, a biographical questionnaire, and a number of social support questionnaires. The instrument showed good internal consistency and scores correlated significantly (- .09 to - .53) with all the social support scales. In addition, correlations of the Network Orientation Scale scores with a number of demographic variables are reported.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Reported Pain and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Borgman ◽  
Ida Ericsson ◽  
Eva K. Clausson ◽  
Pernilla Garmy
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
The Relationship

Pain and depressive symptoms are common reasons for adolescents to contact the school nurse. The aim was to describe the prevalence of pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and depressive symptoms among adolescents and to examine whether there is an association between pain and depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional survey included students ( N = 639) in Sweden (median age: 16 years). Over half of the female participants (56%) and one third of male participants (33%) had weekly headaches, abdominal pain, or back pain. Almost every second girl (48%) and one in four boys (25%) had depressive symptoms (as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, scores ≥ 16). There was a significant association between having pain (headache, abdominal pain, or back pain) and having depressive symptoms. It is of great importance for school nurses to adequately identify and treat the cause of pain and other factors contributing to depression.

scholarly journals Opposing Gazes: Racism and Xenophobia in South African Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloshna Vandeyar ◽  
Thirusellvan Vandeyar
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
African Students ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
To Come

Utilising a qualitative case study approach, this research study set out to understand discrimination experienced by immigrant students in their interactions with South African students and the prejudice immigrant students expressed against Black South African students. Findings reveal that the discrimination experienced by immigrant students could be clustered into four broad themes, namely categorisations and prototypes; practised stereotypes; academic and social exclusion; and work ethic. Furthermore, statements immigrant students make about South African students seem to fall into two broad categories, namely lack of value for moral integrity and lack of value for education. Educating students to value human dignity and to view each other as cosmopolitan citizens of the world could be a way to ensure social cohesion and harmony of future generations to come.

How good gets better and bad gets worse: measuring the face of emotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Bolanle Adetoun ◽  
Maggie Tserere ◽  
Modupe Adewuyi ◽  
Titilola Akande ◽  
Williams Akande
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
African Students ◽  
Black South African ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

How good gets better and bad gets worse: measuring the face of emotion Given the history of the past, black South African students from different settings face unique academic and emotional climate. Using the Differential Emotions Scale (DES) which focuses on ten discrete emotions, and building upon Boyle's (1984) seminal work, this study reports a repeated-measure multiple discriminant function analysis for individual items across raters. The findings further indicate that majority of the DES items are sensitive indicators of the different innate and universal facial expressions. However, the construct requires revision so that it offers the examiner maximum flexibility in assessment at diverse levels, in terms of more extensive norming and programmatic replication. In brief, the DES potentially has much to offer provided that it is adequately developed for use in non-Western nations or contexts.

Risky shifts: How the timing and course of mothers' depressive symptoms across the perinatal period shape their own and infant's stress response profiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidemarie K. Laurent ◽  
Jennifer C. Ablow ◽  
Jeffrey Measelle
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Response Profiles

AbstractWe investigated the effects of timing and the course of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms on mother–infant hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) response profiles during an attachment stressor, as well as on within-dyad synchrony of stress profiles: coordination of HPA and sympathetic nervous system and infant–mother HPA attunement. Mothers (n = 86) completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale during pregnancy (Time 1 [T1]) and at 5 months (T2) and 18 months (T3) postnatal. At T3 mother–infant dyads completed the Strange Situation, and four saliva samples collected from both mothers and infants were assayed for cortisol and α-amylase. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to predict mother–infant cortisol response trajectories and within-dyad synchronies by main and interactive effects of T1–T3 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores. Main effects of earlier (T1, T2) depressive symptoms predicted mothers' cortisol trajectories and coordination, and interactions of T1 with postnatal (T2 and T3) symptoms predicted infants' cortisol trajectories, coordination, and attunement. Decomposition of interactions revealed more marked effects on infant cortisol trajectories when the mother shifted from higher to lower depressive symptoms (or vice versa) across the perinatal period. Shifts from lower to higher symptoms also predicted inverse coordination of cortisol with salivary α-amylase and greater attunement of infant with mother cortisol. Implications for the development and transmission of stress dysregulation are discussed.

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