Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCIX. Experimental Study of Infrahuman Primate Sexual Behaviors: James Harlan Elder

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Prior to the 1930s, designs of research into sexual behavior of infrahuman primates were not comparable; conclusions about physiological and nonphysiological factors in receptivity and mating were confounded by species studied, living and testing conditions, and precaptivity history. Clearly there was need for comprehensive and controlled studies of infrahuman primate sexual behavior. In response to the controversy about biological bases of receptivity and mating, James Harlan Elder, in collaboration with Robert M. Yerkes, designed the first truly comprehensive study of factors influencing sexual behavior of chimpanzees. At that time, other persons interested in this problem were employing experimental methods, but Elder's and Yerkes' program most directly addressed the problems confounding prior study and their work served as a model of experimental research into factors affecting receptivity and mating of infrahuman primates.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN METODE EKSPERIMEN PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI SIFAT BAHAN DAN KEGUNAANNYA TERHADAP HASIL DAN RESPON BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV MIN TUNGKOB ACEH BESAR

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wati Oviana ◽  
Maulidar Maulidar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Material Characteristics

The research on the use of experimental methods in learning characteristics of material and its usefulness toward students’ achievements and learning responses of Level 4 primary school students of MIN Tungkob Aceh Besar aims to determine students’ learning outcomes and responses toward the use of the method. This study uses experimental research. The data collection techniques were using test and distributing questionnaire to the students. The samples in this experimental study were students of class IV3 totaling 34 people as the experimental class and the class IV4 totaling 31 people as the control class. The data, which is the students’ learning outcomes collected from pretest and posttest, were analyzed using t-test formula. The data from the students’ questionnaire responses were analyzed using percentage formula.The result was that the students’ learning outcomes from the experimental class and the control class showed significant differences. Students’ responses toward the use of experimental methods in learning material characteristics and its usefulness were also very positive, where the students are very excited and interested in learning to use the experimental method in the study of material characteristics and its usefulness.

Normative Sexual Behavior in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Friedrich ◽  
Patricia Grambsch ◽  
Daniel Broughton ◽  
James Kuiper ◽  
Robert L. Beilke
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

A large-scale, community-based survey was done to assess the frequency of a wide variety of sexual behaviors in normal preadolescent children and to measure the relationship of these behaviors to age, gender, and socioeconomic and family variables. A sample of 880 2-through 12-year-old children screened to exclude those with a history of sexual abuse were rated by their mothers using several questionnaire measures. The frequency of different behaviors varied widely, with more aggressive sexual behaviors and behaviors imitative of adults being rare. Older children (both boys and girls) were less sexual than younger children. Sexuality was found to be related to the level of general behavior problems, as measured by the Achenbach Internalizing and Externalizing T scores and to a measure of family nudity. It was not related to socioeconomic variables.

scholarly journals Risky sexual behavior practice and associated factors among secondary and preparatory school students of Aksum town, northern Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alem Girmay ◽  
Teklewoini Mariye
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective As adolescence is a stage in which human beings face once throughout a lifetime and it is the experimental period for this reason risky sexual behavior is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. But it doesn’t get enough attention the status of risky sexual behavior practice and factors’ contributing to it, so this study aimed to identify the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and factors associated with it. Results From the total respondents 115 (23.7%) had history of sexual intercourse and the mean age for sexual initiation is 15.48 ± 1.99 year. From whom 110 (98.2%) had sexual contact below the age of 18 and only 68 (60.8%) initiate first sex by their own willing. Overall 97 (19.6%) had practiced risky sexual behaviors. Students not facing peer pressure were 0.36 times less likely to develop risk sexual behavior (AOR = 0.357, 95% CI 0.172, 0.744).

scholarly journals Self-Reported Sexual Behavioral Similarities and Differences Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men With Childhood Sexual Abuse Histories: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832094935
Author(s):  
Roberta E. Emetu ◽  
William L. Yarber ◽  
Catherine M. Sherwood-Laughlin ◽  
Alexis S. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have the highest burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor for high-risk sexual behavior and STI acquisition. Studies that have explored sexual behavior based on the type of reported sexual abuse are limited. This study aimed to further understand current sexual behaviors and perceptions among YMSM that have experienced different types of CSA. Sixteen YMSM who were survivors of CSA were interviewed utilizing a phenomenological conceptual framework and methodology. Thematic findings were divided into two parts. Part I gave an overview of the entire sample, and themes were as follows: unprotected oral sex used to evaluate penile abnormalities, trust promoting unprotected sex, and alcohol and other drugs not cited as the reason for casual sex. Part II demonstrated the differences among those with a history of CSA involving non-penile–anal intercourse and those with a history of CSA involving penile–anal intercourse. The major themes in Part II were that victims of CSA involving penile–anal intercourse reported the following: a hypersexual self-definition, an STI diagnosis and noncondom use history, and a third sexual partner during sexual activity. Based on the findings, early life experiences such as CSA should be considered when developing preventative sexual health strategies and individuals who experienced penetrative sexual abuse may have different needs which should be further explored.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STAND AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE ROLLER’S WORKING BODY RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
O. Y. Kazakov ◽  
G. V. Kustarev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Movable Part ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Construction

Introduction. The paper researches the sphere of paving with a roller. The authors describe the current situation in the asphalt concrete’s application as a road surface. Moreover, the authors conduct the excursion into the history of material. The paper presents the preconditions that justify the need for creating recommendations, schemes and methods for experimental study of the working body and material under laboratory conditions of various kinds. The aim of the study is to create the stand concept and methods for experimental research of the roller’s working body in the laboratory.Materials and methods. The paper described a laboratory stand for experiments in the sphere of roller’s working equipment. The authors demonstrated the construction made of a base, a stiffener box, guides and a movable part with a frame and equipment, suspended above the compacted material’s container.Results. As a result, the authors presented the detailed methodology for conducting experiments and recommendations for its transformation in the considered sphere. The paper showed all the necessary data for the design, construction of the test bench and experiments with the roller’s working equipment. Discussion and conclusions. Researchers, especially beginners, receive an additional tool for study of dependencies and phenomena that occur during compaction of material by the roller. Therefore, the authors develops the scheme for the research of the roller’s working body in small area conditions and in extensive laboratories.

854 Sexsomnia in a Divorce Proceeding and its Custody Implications

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A332-A332
Author(s):  
Madhuri Uppalapati ◽  
Kingman Strohl ◽  
Robert Sibilia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Marital Separation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Sexsomnia is a NREM parasomnia under the subtype of Confusional Arousals, defined as abnormal sexual behaviors emerging from partial arousals during slow-wave sleep. Case reports suggest that is more common in men. Precipitating factors include Obstructive Sleep Apnea, insufficient sleep, alcohol and fatigue/stress and history of NREM parasomnias. Report of case(s) A 37-year-old male with bruxism (using mouth guard) and anxiety for 7 years, who presented to the sleep clinic for a second opinion to discuss concerns around the safety of his children due to his sleep related sexual behavior. Sexsomnia was first noted with the stressors related to becoming a parent (fostering children and having biological children). Sexual behavior reported by the couple was mostly provoked with spouse’s touch during sleep. Behaviors ranging from fondling to aggressive sexual intercourse were reported to occur 1 to 3 times/week. There were no injuries during episodes which only occurred in the bedroom with the spouse and the patient was amnestic of his behavior. Due to marital discord provoked by other stressors, he began to sleep alone in the basement. A video-polysomnogram revealed no parasomnia, sleep apnea, or other sleep arousal disorders. Normal REM with atonia was observed. The patient was treated with Duloxetine 20mg for anxiety after the initial sleep visit. His condition contributed to marital separation. In the divorce proceedings, the spouse argued for denial of visitation rights related to his sleep-sexual behaviors noting that the children may be at risk. After separation, his anxiety and stress levels lowered in conjunction with therapy and medication. Follow up after 2 months found the patient asymptomatic. He placed an alarm on his bedroom door, to alert him and others during sleep. There are no published reports to provide a prediction as to whether his condition would-be supporting restrictions in overnight visitation by the foster and biological children. Conclusion In this case, there was a precedent condition (bruxism) and precipitating stress and anxiety, known to provoke NREM parasomnia. The absence of polysomnographic evidence is not unusual. Forensic repercussions, in particular prospective calculations of risk, are poorly described in the literature. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Consumption of Edible Insects for Chinese Consumers

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Jun Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Miguel I. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts

Edible insects are often considered a healthier and more sustainable meat substitute and protein source. Many studies have examined factors affecting the consumption behavior towards edible insects among Western consumers. However, little is known about factors influencing consumer behavior towards edible insects in Asian countries even though Asians have a long history of consuming insects. In this study, we surveyed 614 Chinese consumers from Beijing and Nanjing to examine the factors influencing their consumption and purchase behavior of edible insects. We find that insect phobia, feelings of disgust, knowledge level, and social demographic factors such as age, household size, household income and region (Northern or Southern China) are the main factors influencing purchase decisions. In addition, the results indicate that the perceived positive attributes associated with edible insects, the preferences of children in the household, as well as age and knowledge level have positive impacts on consumption frequency. On the other hand, concerns of food safety and the shape of the insects have negative impacts on consumption frequency. Finally, the results suggest that educating consumers to increase knowledge of edible insects increases their probability to purchase insect foods.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTS IN ECONOMICS AND PHILOSOPHY

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
James Konow ◽  
Eric Schwitzgebel ◽  
Cristina Bicchieri ◽  
Jason Dana ◽  
María Jiménez-Buedo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Common Interests

Not so long ago, many economists and philosophers felt that their disciplines had no use for experimental methods. An experimental study was, by its nature, ‘not economics’ or ‘not philosophy’ – psychology maybe. Opinion has changed dramatically. This issue of Economics and Philosophy represents a collection of recent contributions to experimental research that explicitly deal with empirical findings or methodological questions in the intersection of the two disciplines. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first such collection dedicated to addressing these common interests.

scholarly journals Analysis of factors influencing casual sexual behavior among male college students in Zhejiang Province, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250703
Author(s):  
Zhongrong Yang ◽  
Weiyong Chen ◽  
Meihua Jin ◽  
Wanjun Chen ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Attitudes ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Male College ◽  
Male College Students

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the situations and factors influencing casual sexual behavior among male college students, in order to provide scientific evidences and measures of the prevention and control for HIV/AIDS. Method Using the stratified cluster sampling method, male college students who self-reported sexual behavior were selected as survey subjects in 13 colleges and universities in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province from October to November 2018. We used a custom online questionnaire to collect information on the demographic characteristics, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and HIV interventions of the respondents. The χ2 test was performed on the composition ratios between different groups. With the occurrence of casual sexual behavior as the dependent variable, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing casual male sexual behavior. Results A total of 2734 male college students were surveyed, aged 20.20±1.41 years, of which 595 had casual sex, accounting for 21.7%. The rate of HIV prevention awareness among the participants was 85.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that receiving a self-assessment of HIV risk conducted by the school (Ajusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14–1.84), knowing that HIV self-test kits were available at school (Ajusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.56–2.62), accepting one-night stands (Ajusted OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.18–3.66), accepting commercial sex (Ajusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.53–2.48), being a man who has sex with men (Ajusted OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.37–2.39), being a senior (Ajusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.71), having knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment (Ajusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51–0.86), and knowing that the CDC provides HIV testing services (Ajusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.41–0.77) were factors influencing male college students’ casual sexual behavior. Conclusion Male college students who have causal sexual behaviors have a high degree of openness in sexual attitudes, insufficient knowledge of AIDS prevention, and knowledge of HIV testing-related information but low testing rates. For male college students’ HIV prevention education intervention, it is necessary to emphasize the establishment of correct sexual attitudes and concepts and promote safe sexual behaviors to prevent the spread of HIV.

Population density and ‘slave raiding’—The case of the middle belt of Nigeria

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mason
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Sudan ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of ◽  
North And South ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Lower Population Density

The expansion of the Sokoto Caliphate into the lands of the diverse non-Muslim peoples of the Middle Belt area is a familiar theme in the nineteenth-century history of the Central Sudan. As the Middle Belt is known to have an overall lower population density than adjoining areas to the north and south, the explanation has been proposed that this was due to slave raiding by Muslim states. A study of the history of this area does not support this overall view, even though it might be accepted with reference to limited areas. areas. It can be shown, moreover that in certain localities populations were actually enhanced as a result of the consolidation of Muslim power, while others, currently of extremely low density, were completely unaffected. If the factors affecting population in this area are to be understood, reference to over-simplified causes such as slave raiding must be shunned. Geographical and biological factors influencing population growth may be more fertile areas of enquiry.

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