Coping Strategies and Anxiety in Italian Adolescents

203 Italian adolescents completed an Italian modified version of the Amirkhan's Coping Strategy Indicator and the Italian version of the Spielberger, et al. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Three brief stories were presented to the subjects who were requested to put themselves in the protagonist's place and to indicate the extent to which they would use specific coping behaviors to deal with one of the three stressful events. Analysis of variance 3 × 2 (stressor by sex) showed effects due to the sex of the respondent on Seeking Social Support and to stressor on the subscales Problem Solving and Avoidance. A negative correlation was observed between scores on Trait Anxiety and Problem Solving and a positive one between scores on Trait Anxiety and Avoidance. Results seem to confirm the hypothesis that both situational antecedents and anxiety affect the choice of coping strategies. Further implications of finding were discussed.

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Coping Strategies: Gender Differences and Development throughout Life Span

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39399 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1089-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Meléndez ◽

Teresa Mayordomo ◽

Patricia Sancho ◽

José Manuel Tomás

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Life Span ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Emotional Coping ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking

Development during life-span implies to cope with stressful events, and this coping may be done with several strategies. It could be useful to know if these coping strategies differ as a consequence of personal characteristics. This work uses the Coping with Stress Questionnaire with this aim using a sample of 400 participants. Specifically, the effects of gender and age group (young people, middle age and elderly), as well as its interaction on coping strategies is studied. With regard to age, on one hand, it is hypothesised a decrement in the use of coping strategies centred in problem solving and social support seeking as age increases. On the other hand, the use of emotional coping is hypothesised to increase with age. With respect to gender, it is hypothesised a larger use of emotional coping and social support seeking within women, and a larger use of problem solving within men. A MANOVA found significant effects for the two main effects (gender and age) as well as several interactions. Separate ANOVAs allowed us to test for potential differences in each of the coping strategies measured in the CAE. These results partially supported the hypotheses. Results are discussed in relation to scientific literature on coping, age and gender.

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Stressful events, social support, and coping strategies

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e683152011-510 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Ching-I Lin ◽

Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Stressful Events ◽

And Coping

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Az SPSI-A hazai adaptálásának eredményei

Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle ◽

10.1556/0016.2017.72.2.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 201-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kasik László ◽

Vidákovich Tibor ◽

Gáspár Csaba ◽

Tóth Edit

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Social Problem ◽

Social Problem Solving ◽

Reactivity Index ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Kutatásunk célja az SPSI—A (Social Problem Solving Inventory—Adolescent, Frauenknecht és Black, 2010) adaptálása volt 12 és 16 évesek körében (N=540). A kérdőív konvergens és diszkriminatív validitásának vizsgálatához az SPSI—R-t (Social Problem Solving Inventory—Revised, D’Zurilla és mtsai, 2002), a Davis által kidolgozott empátiakérdőívet (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, 1980), valamint a Spielberger- féle vonás - és állapotszorongást mérő kérdőívet (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Spielberger és mtsai, 1973) használtuk. Az eredeti kérdőív 10 faktoros, 64 kijelentésből áll. A feltáró és a megerősítő faktorelemzés eredményei alapján a magyar változat — SPSI—A(H) – 54 tételt tartalmaz, melyek 11 faktorba csoportosulnak (az eredeti Gondolatok faktor kijelentései elkülönülnek a Pozitív gondolatok és a Negatív gondolatok faktorba). A kérdőív mind a 12, mind a 16 évesek mintáján jó megbízhatósággal (a Cronbach-α sorrendben 0,81 és 0,83) mér. Az eredmények alapján az SPSI—A(H)-t alkalmasnak tartjuk a problémamegoldással kapcsolatos automatikus gondolatok, a problémamegoldáshoz való érzelmi, gondolati viszonyulás, az elkerülés, a probléma meghatározása, a célmeghatározás, az alternatív megoldási módok keresése, a következmények végiggondolása, illetve a nem megfelelő megoldás esetében a gondolatok, teendők újraszervezése és az utólagos kiértékelés mérésére.

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On the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Anxiety among Italian Undergraduates

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1985.56.1.37 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 37-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. Nigro ◽

I. Galli

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Italian Version ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Relationship

139 Italian undergraduates (61 men and 78 women) responded to the Italian version of the Christie's Mach IV scale and to the Italian version of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Positive correlations between Mach IV scores and both State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety scores were found for both sexes. The authors hypothesized that moderate anxiety may be associated with high Machiavellianism. Further implications of the findings were discussed.

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Self-esteem, Social Support and Coping Strategies of left-behind Children in Rural China, and the Intermediary Role of Subjective Support：a cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-38660/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shu Cui ◽

Fangshuo Cheng ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Chao Zhang ◽

Qiuyu Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Rural China ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Left Behind ◽

And Coping ◽

Support Score

Abstract Background: Negative coping strategies and behavioral problems are common among Chinese left-behind children, which are relate to a variety of negative consequences. At this stage of development, the relevant factors of coping strategies need to be further studied, in which social support and self-esteem are worthy of our attention. The aim of this study is to detect the current situation of self-esteem, social support, and coping styles of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Methods: 322 children from 3 schools in China enrolled in this study, including 236 LBC and 86 non-left-behind children (NLBC) to assess self-esteem, social support and coping strategies. Results: The LBC group had lower self-esteem score and lower total social support (subjective support, objective support and support-seeking behavior) than the NLBC group. In terms of coping strategies, the LBC group was lower than the NLBC group in problem-solving and rationalization. The self-esteem score in LBC was significant positive associated with the subjective support score, objective support score, problem-solving and help-seeking score. In addition, self-esteem has significant mediating effect between subjective support and problem-solving, subjective support and help-seeking, respectively. Conclusions: The finding indicate that Chinese LBC’s self-esteem and social support need to be improved. Given the significant correlativity between self-esteem, subjective support and coping strategy, it is necessary to promote Chinese LBC’s self-esteem and social support, especially subjective support.

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Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Strategies Among Students of Physical Education and Sport Study Programs

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v4i115.820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (115) ◽

Author(s):

Romualdas Malinauskas ◽

Tomas Saulius ◽

Giedrius Kaufmanas

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Physical Education ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

First Year ◽

Stress Coping ◽

First Year Students ◽

Study Programs ◽

Stress Coping Strategies

Background. Studies of various scholars confirm the relation between the application of stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence, but there is a lack of research about the relationship between individual coping strategies and emotional intelligence levels among the first- and the fourth-year students. The aim of the research was to reveal peculiarities of emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies of undergraduate students of physical education and sport study programs.Methods. The Shutte Self-Assessment Questionnaire was used to measure the level of emotional intelligence of the participants (Schutte & Malouff, 1999). The questionnaire composed by Grakauskas and Valickas (2006) was used to identify the stress coping strategies. It consists of four factors: social support factor, problem-solving factor, emotional discharge factor and avoidance factor. The research was based on the following ethical principles: confidentiality, anonymity, impartiality and privacy. The first- and the fourth-year students of the Lithuanian Sports University and Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Programs were surveyed. The research sample consisted of 123 participants. Male participants comprised 66.7% of the sample, and the female participants comprised 33.3%. of the sample. The first-year undergraduates made up 57.7% of the sample, and the fourth-year undergraduates made up 42.3% of the sample.Results. Analyzing the data on the stress coping strategies according to the participants studying experience, it was found that the fourth-year students used the social support strategy more frequently in comparison with the first-year students. In addition, the fourth-year students applied emotional discharge and avoidance strategies more often than the first-year students. Comparing stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence according to the gender of participants, no statistically significant differences were found. There was a statistically significant relationship between the stress coping strategy and the ability to evaluate and express one’s emotions.Conclusions. Comparing emotional intelligence of the first- and the fourth-year students of physical education and sports study programs, no statistically significant differences were found. Comparison of stress coping strategies applied by the first- and the fourth-year students of physical education and sports degree programs revealed that the fourth-year students tended to use social support, emotional discharge and avoidance strategies more frequently than the first-year students. Comparison of stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence according to gender did not show any statistically significant differences. However, there was a statistically significant relationship between stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence, though it was a weak, but significant difference between emotional intelligence components such as the ability to express and manage emotions and problem-solving focused stress coping strategy.Keywords: stress, stress management strategies, emotional intelligence.

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Coping Behaviors in Relation to Frequency and Intensity of Anxiety-Provoking Situations

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125890693-143 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3-1) ◽

pp. 935-943

Author(s):

Attila Olah ◽

Bertil TÖrestad ◽

David Magnusson

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Coping Behaviors ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Stressful Experience ◽

The One ◽

Situational Effect

The relationships between coping strategies (constructive, passive, and escape), on the one hand, and anxiety reactions and individuals’ frequency of experiences of anxiety, and situations’ rate of recurrence, and general anxiety-inducing effect on the other, were explored. The investigated factors and their associations were studied both as individual characteristics and situational properties. Data for boys and girls were treated separately. The results for individuals showed that both trait-anxiety and frequency of stressful experience were related positively to escape strategies and negatively to constructive solutions. For situations, general situational effect correlated positively with escape solutions and negatively with constructivity. Rate of recurrence was correlated positively with constructive strategies and negatively with escape solutions. No significant sex differences were found.

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Gender Differences in Coping Strategies in Children and Adolescents

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.28.1.18 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 183

Author(s):

Heike Eschenbeck ◽

Carl-Walter Kohlmann ◽

Arnold Lohaus

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Grade Level ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Avoidant Coping ◽

Stressful Situation

Abstract. The present study focuses on gender effects and interactions between gender, type of stressful situation, and age-group in coping strategies in childhood and adolescence. The sample consisted of N = 1990 children and adolescents (957 boys, 1033 girls; grade levels 3-8). Participants responded to a coping questionnaire (Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter, SSKJ 3-8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2006 ) with the five subscales: seeking social support, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, and anger-related emotion regulation. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Gender and Grade Level as the between-subject factors and Situation (social, academic) as the within-subject factor were performed separately for each of the subscales. In general, girls scored higher in seeking social support and problem solving, whereas boys scored higher in avoidant coping. These three main effects were further modified by significant Gender × Situation interactions and for both seeking social support and avoidant coping by significant Gender × Situation × Grade Level interactions. Compared to the academic situation (homework), gender differences were more pronounced for the social situation (argument with a friend), especially in adolescence. The results are discussed with respect to a gender-specific development of coping strategies.

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Coping Strategies Used by Syrian Refugees in Jordan

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773817749724 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 396-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fatmeh Ahmad Alzoubi ◽

Ahmed Mohammad Al-Smadi ◽

Yazeed Mohammad Gougazeh

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Total Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

Study Participants

This study examined the coping strategies used by Syrian refugees in Jordan in relation to their demographics. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with a convenient sample of 550 Syrian refugees. Out of all the study participants, 88% reported seeking social support, 64.5% reported using avoidance, and 39.5% reported using problem solving. Participants who were male, single, and younger, and who had a higher education and a higher total income were satisfied with their income, were employed and free of chronic illnesses, and had higher problem-solving scores. Higher social support-seeking scores were associated with being female, older, and widowed; having a lower education and lower total income; being dissatisfied with their income; being nonemployed; and having chronic illnesses. A number of significant predictors were identified for each coping strategy. The results of this study could be used to formulate programs and develop services regarding the stressors encountered by Syrian refugees and their coping strategies.

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