Suggestions regarding Cross-Cultural Environment as Context for Aging and Human Development in Non-Western Cultures

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Eyetsemitan
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
The People ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual

An individual's aging and human development always occur within a particular cultural context, but given the dominance of Western culture, the environment of non-Western societies is cross-cultural—it includes not only a non-Western dimension, but also Global and Western dimensions. The Western dimension is made up of those characteristics associated with Western societies, which are now found in non-Western societies, for example, Western education, healthcare services, and industrialization. The non-Western dimension, on the other hand, is made up of those attributes that are indigenous to the people, e.g., traditional healing. The Global dimension is characterized by standards that all societies should adhere to, e.g., human rights, equality for women, or by biological changes that are universally shared. Given this situation, six possible interaction patterns between the individual and his environment are mentioned as they have implications for different aging and human development pathways. These cross-cultural environmental dimensions also have implications for immigrants and refugees from non-Western societies in Western cultures and for ethnic minority group members in dominant cultures. This initial proposal may stimulate further detailed development.

Dialecticism across the Lifespan: Towards a Deeper Understanding of the Ontogenetic and Cultural Factors Influencing Dialectical Thinking and Emotional Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Dialectical Thought

Before dialecticism became a topic of empirical inquiry in cultural psychology, scholars in related disciplines has discussed dialecticism as a model of human development, as an essential component of maturity and wisdom. This review chapter bridged these two perspectives, comparing conceptualizations of dialecticism in developmental and cultural psychology. After reviewing historical portrayals of dialecticism in various philosophical traditions, this chapter provides comparison of historical characterizations with the contemporary treatment of dialecticism in human development and cultural psychology. Both streams -- developmental and cross-cultural -- are proposed as essential for an integral understanding of the construct. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the emerging developmental models of dialecticism across the lifespan and reviews the accompanying empirical evidence, situating it in a cross-cultural context. It concludes with an outline of future directions of research on dialectical thought, with attention to psychological and socio-cultural processes engendering dialecticism across the lifespan.

Dialecticism across the Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Sociocultural Processes ◽  
Dialectical Thought

Before dialecticism became a topic of empirical inquiry in cultural psychology, scholars in related disciplines had discussed dialecticism as a model of human development, as an essential component of maturity and wisdom. This chapter bridges these two perspectives, comparing conceptualizations of dialecticism in developmental and cultural psychology. After reviewing historical portrayals of dialecticism in various philosophical traditions, the chapter provides a comparison of historical characterizations with the contemporary treatment of dialecticism in human development and cultural psychology. Both streams—developmental and cross-cultural—are proposed as essential for an integral understanding of the construct. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the emerging developmental models of dialecticism across the lifespan and reviews the accompanying empirical evidence, situating it in a cross-cultural context. It concludes with an outline of future directions of research on dialectical thought, with attention to psychological and sociocultural processes engendering dialecticism across the lifespan.

SYMPOSIUM ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-933
Author(s):  
Sherman Little ◽  
Bertram M. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Welfare Agencies

A CAREFUL review of the research literature bearing on delinquency makes it evident that delinquency is a pathology transmitted from the community to the family and thence to the individual youngster. The relative importance of family and community and individual factors vary, however, with a particular child. In some instances the delinquent act is almost a direct outgrowth of community conditions; in such cases family influence is of importance only insofar as it has failed to prepare a youngster to deal with the environmental situation confronting him. In other instances the delinquent act is directly related to the nature of the parent-child relationship; in these cases community conditions are of importance only insofar as they have been stimulating or precipitating factors or have influenced the parental capacity. Observations of communities with low delinquency rates, combined with refined statistical analyses of the correlation between delinquent behavior and factors usually thought to be productive of delinquency, reveal that in communities that have social stability, little population movement, homogeneity of population, and the kind of interaction between people that represents a sense of belonging to the community, there is very little crime and delinquency. This is true even when such communities are marked by a great concentration of poverty, bad housing, a population of minority group members, and the absence of health and welfare agencies. On the other hand, a socially disorganized neighborhood, peopled by residents who do not possess a sense of community comradeship and participation, will be productive of delinquency even though it may have good housing and superior economic status.

scholarly journals Coping With Stigma and Destigmatizing Intervention Strategies: An Analytical Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-329
Author(s):  
Simona Rodat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
The People ◽  
Undesirable Characteristic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alternative Relationships

This paper addresses the stigmatization process, outlining the meaning of the social stigma and the different types of stigmata, focusing further on the ways in which stigmatized people cope with stigma and on the main intervention strategies that can be used for destigmatization. A social stigma is an undesirable characteristic or an unfavourable element, along with any generalization or attribution of further characteristics that can lower or humiliate the individual. Not the characteristic itself, but a negative meaning in the social and cultural context, make the person concerned a stigma bearer. Stigmatization describes how actual or potential negative characteristics are ascribed to a person, and thus this person is assigned to a certain socially disregarded group. At the same time, stigmatization involves associating the person concerned with the prejudices and stereotypes connected to the assigned devaluating characteristic and the experience of varied forms of discrimination. To avoid the consequences of their social stigma, the people concerned to develop in diverse social situations in different ways to cope with their stigmatization. Among these, correction, avoidance or defensive attitude, inner distance, compensation, alternative relationships, external assignment, and hostile bravado are highlighted and discussed in the paper. Destigmatization, as a reverse process to stigmatization, can be targeted through various intervention strategies. The paper addresses the most frequently used destigmatizing intervention strategies, namely protest, education, and contact, emphasizing their strengths, especially of the last two, and arguing that, depending on the type of stigma and the social context, a mixture of intervention strategies is more effective, and therefore desirable.

Where Chocolate Begins and Research Methods End: Understanding Kuna Cacao Consumption

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Nomenclature ◽  
New Research ◽  
Locally Grown

Contrary to a recent deluge of scientific and popular publications, the island-dwelling Kuna people of Ailigandi, San Blas Panama do not consume large amounts of locally derived cacao beverages. This paper introduces new research on the actual consumption of Theobroma cacao among the people of Ailigandi. The chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao, is of great cultural importance for Kuna people, and its fruits are used within multiple contexts as an irreplaceable element of Kuna identity and cultural life. However, cacao cultivation has become dramatically more difficult because of the numerous fungal pathogens that attack the tree. Despite the constraints this has placed on local cacao production, recent studies suggest that Kuna people consume large amounts of local cacao. This research evaluates the livelihood strategies and dietetic intake of the Kuna in a cross-cultural context. Findings suggest that recent studies may have misunderstood the local reality in their depictions of the Kuna people of Ailigandi as prolific consumers of locally derived cacao. Using a methodology that incorporates a local nomenclature, I found that the actual consumption of locally grown cacao among Kuna people is negligible, notwithstanding the claims of researchers whose work is largely funded by an industrial chocolate manufacturer.

Psychology: Volume 2

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religion And Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Psychological Perspective

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Two of the survey, Individual and the Social: Processes and Issues, not only summarizes research in emerging areas of social psychology but also offers innovative theorization connecting self and collective. It considers a cultural and developmental perspective on the development of sociality in an interdisciplinary context. As revealed by the cross-cultural and cultural-psychological investigations, the meanings and practices constituting culture are critical to the way the notions of self and identity are formed and connect with social aspects of life. With this in view, the contributions to this volume focus on the developments in the study of personality formation and social psychological processes. Going beyond the prevailing individual-centric view, the seven chapters comprising this volume try to capture the developments in the study of personality, socialization, media influence, family dynamics, and religion from a social-psychological perspective. It also contextualizes the process of socialization in India. It analyses how discourses like family, religion, and media contribute to the psychological development of an individual as a member of the contemporary Indian society. It also integrates the different ways in which personality and identity are understood in contemporary psychological discourse. Additionally, it analyses the interdependence between the individual and the collective. Taken together, the contributors discuss prominent studies of processes and issues pertaining to the connection between the individual and his/her socio-cultural context.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212199799
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Bosson ◽  
Paweł Jurek ◽  
Joseph A. Vandello ◽  
Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka ◽  
Michał Olech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

Review of Cross-cultural human development.

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
MICHAEL COLE
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Cross Cultural
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