NOTE ON KORBANKA AND GAEDE'S MMPI-2 SCALE OF HISTORY OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
ALFRED L. BROPHY
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Parent–Adolescent Attachment Relationship Quality: A Longitudinal Study

Adolescents ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Danyka Therriault ◽  
Jean-Pascal Lemelin ◽  
Jean Toupin ◽  
Michèle Déry
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Attachment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Background: Attachment to parents during adolescence has been identified as an important indicator of psychosocial adaptation. However, the relative importance of the adolescents’ behavior problems and the larger relational context likely to influence the quality of these relationships remains relatively underexplored. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with the quality of parent–adolescent attachment relationships and to establish their relative contributions. This study also tested, as a complementary objective, the invariance of the models according to sex. Method: 706 (46.9% girls) early adolescents participated in the study at time 1 and then again, two years later. The individual (e.g., behavior problems or temperament) and contextual (e.g., parents’ behaviors, history of abuse or environment stability) associated factors were measured at time 1, while the quality of the parent–adolescent attachment relationship was measured at time 2. Results: The results showed that a history of emotional abuse, inconsistent discipline, externalized behavior problems and the adolescent’s age were negatively associated with the global attachment security score, while internalized behavior problems and peer attachment were positively associated. These variables explained 15.7% of variance. The results also demonstrated that these variables were also associated with the specific dimensions of attachment (trust, communication, alienation). Discussion: The study demonstrates the importance of several relational variables in the development of the parent–adolescent attachment relationship.

scholarly journals Mental Health in the Cree Peoples of Northern Quebec: Relationships Among Trauma, Familial Psychological Distress, and Mood or Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Laura M. Heath ◽  
Jill Torrie ◽  
Kathryn J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of

Objective: This study examined the physical and mental health of Cree adults, as well as the personal, clinical, and environmental factors associated with the presence of lifetime anxiety and mood disorders. Methods: Mental health was assessed using the computerised version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CDIS-IV), and standardised instruments were used to assess physical health, addiction severity, and psychological distress in 506 randomly selected participants from 4 Northern Cree communities in Quebec. Results: Overall, 46.1% of participants reported chronic medical problems, 42.1% were current smokers and 34.5% met the DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety or mood disorder. Individuals with an anxiety or mood disorder were younger, predominantly female, and with higher educational levels, and a large proportion (47.7%) met the lifetime criteria for substance dependence. Hierarchical regression determined that anxiety or mood disorders were associated with serious problems getting along with parents, a history of physical and sexual abuse, and a lifetime diagnosis of substance dependence. Overall, 29.7% of Cree adults reported sexual abuse, 47.1% physical abuse, and 52.9% emotional abuse. Conclusions: This study highlights the high rates of physical and mental health problems in Cree communities and the association among parental history of psychological problems, history of abuse, and psychological distress. Participants expressed a desire for additional medical and psychological treatments to address the patterns of abuse, trauma, and mental disorders that are burdening the Cree communities in Northern Quebec.

scholarly journals Atypical Prefrontal–Amygdala Circuitry Following Childhood Exposure to Abuse: Links With Adolescent Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Peverill ◽  
Margaret A. Sheridan ◽  
Daniel S. Busso ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Abuse Severity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Coupling

Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with more negative coupling between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and amygdala, a brain network involved in emotion regulation in both children and adults. This pattern may be particularly likely to emerge in individuals exposed to threatening experiences during childhood (e.g., exposure to child abuse), although this has not been examined in prior research. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data on 57 adolescents during an emotion regulation task. Greater negative functional connectivity between vmPFC and amygdala occurred during viewing of negative compared to neutral images. This vmPFC-amygdala task-related functional connectivity was more negative in adolescents exposed to physical, sexual, or emotional abuse than those without a history of maltreatment and was associated with abuse severity. This pattern of more negative functional connectivity was associated with higher levels of externalizing psychopathology concurrently and 2 years later. Greater negative connectivity in the vmPFC-amygdala network during passive viewing of negative images may reflect disengagement of regulatory responses from vmPFC in situations eliciting strong amygdala reactivity, potentially due to stronger appraisals of threat in children exposed to early threatening environments. This pattern may be adaptive in the short term but place adolescents at higher risk of psychopathology later in life.

scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental disorder and associated factors among pregnant women in South-East Ethiopia, 2017: a community based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Mekonnen Woldetsadik ◽  
Abebaw Nigussie Ayele ◽  
Adem Esmael Roba ◽  
Genet Fikadu Haile ◽  
Khan Mubashir
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Determinants

Abstract Background Mothers suffering from common mental disorder (CMD), such as anxiety and depression may not be able to function properly, which could adversely affect the mother-infant bond and even result in increased infant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of CMD and its determinants among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia. Methods Data was collected from 743 pregnant women via interview-administered, standardised questionnaires during Dec–Jan 2017. The WHO Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ) was used to screen CMD. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted and ORs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The prevalence of CMD during pregnancy was 35.8% (95% CI: 34–38%) and the main determinants of CMD were: illiteracy, presence of health risk, financial instability, physical or emotional abuse, having sexual intercourse without her willingness, family history of psychiatric illness and history of chronic medical illness. Conclusion CMD prevalence during pregnancy was high, indicating a need to regularly screen pregnant women for CMD and its determinants as part of routine obstetric care.

Childhood Trauma in Bipolar Disorders: Familial and Individual Mediators for Predicting Occurrence and Outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S28
Author(s):  
B. Etain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Affect Intensity ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Psychotic Features

Childhood trauma is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and has been associated to a more severe/complex expression of the disorder. Little is known about the familial and individual factors that can mediate the occurrence of trauma within families but also influence the outcomes of BD. We will present data from two independent samples of patients with BD in order to identify the potential mediators for occurrence and severity/complexity. In a first sample of 371 patients with BD, 256 relatives and 157 healthy controls, we will show that there is a familial resemblance for emotional and physical abuses. Patients’ level of physical abuse was associated with their parental levels of physical abuse, but also with their father's history of alcohol misuse (p < 0.05). Second, in a sub-sample of 270 normothymic patients, we have performed a path-analysis to demonstrate that emotional and physical abuses interacted with cannabis misuse to increase the frequency of psychotic features and delusional beliefs. Finally, in an independent sample of 485 euthymic patients from the FACE-BD cohort we used path-analytic models to show that emotional abuse increased all the assessed affective/impulsive dimensions (p < 0.001). In turn, affect intensity and attitudinal hostility were associated with high risk for suicide attempts (p < 0.001), whereas impulsivity was associated with a higher risk for presence of substance misuse (p < 0.001). These results illustrate that childhood trauma might derive from parental characteristics (own childhood trauma and psychopathology) and increase the severity/complexity of BD through individual dimensions of psychopathology.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Eva Rüfenacht ◽  
Eléonore Pham ◽  
Rosetta Nicastro ◽  
Karen Dieben ◽  
Roland Hasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood maltreatment (CM) may have a long-term effect on emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CM and emotion dysregulation (ED) in a heterogeneous population. Four hundred seventy French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 ADHD + BPD, N = 61 clinical controls) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). Reports of childhood maltreatment experiences were significantly associated with increased levels of emotion reactivity in all our groups and in the whole population, with a greater use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and insecure attachment patterns. Emotional abuse showed the strongest effect. Further analysis indicated that an anxious attachment style significantly mediated the relationship between CM and the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotion reactivity. The results of our study suggest an impact of CM on ED and a potentially marked effect of emotional abuse. They also indicate a potentially mediating role of insecure attachment in the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and emotion reactivity and a higher use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adulthood.

scholarly journals Birth outcomes in a Swedish population of women reporting a history of violence including domestic violence during pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafrún Finnbogadóttir ◽  
Kathleen Baird ◽  
Li Thies-Lagergren
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Victimisation of women is encountered in all countries across the world, it damages the mental and physical health of women. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women are at a greater risk of experiencing violence from an intimate partner. The aim of this study was to explore childbirth outcomes in a Swedish population of women reporting a history of violence including domestic violence during pregnancy. Methods: A longitudinal cohort design was utilised. In total 1939 pregnant women ≥ 18 years were recruited to answer two questionnaires, during early and late pregnancy. The available dataset included birth records of 1694 mothers who gave birth between June 2012 and April 2014. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, T-test and bivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 1694 mothers 38.7 % (n = 656) reported a history of violence and 2% (n = 34) also experienced domestic violence during pregnancy. Women who were single, living apart from their partner, were unemployed, had financial distress and were smokers were at a higher risk of experiencing violence (p = 0.001). They also had significant low scores on the SOC-scale and high EDS-scores ≥ 13 (p =0.001) when compared to women without a history of violence (p = 0.001). Having a history of violence increased a woman’s risk of having caesarean section (OR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.02 -1.70). Likewise, a history of emotional abuse, significantly increased the risk of having a caesarean section irrespective of whether it was planned or an emergency caesarean section (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.09-2.06). Infants born to a mother who reported a history of violence, were at significant risk of being born premature < 37 weeks of gestation compared to infants born by mothers with no history of violence (p = 0,049). Conclusions: A history of violence and exclusively a history of emotional abuse has a negative impact on childbirth outcomes including caesarean section and premature birth. Therefore, early identification of a history of or ongoing violence is crucial to provide women with extra support which may have positive impact on birth outcome.

scholarly journals Stressful life events among individuals with a history of eating disorders: a case-control comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Ø. Lie ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Ole A. Andreassen ◽  
Øyvind Rø ◽  
Lasse Bang
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Experiencing stressful life events (SLEs) can negatively impact mental health and increase risk for psychiatric disorders including eating disorders (EDs). Previous research has shown that childhood sexual abuse is associated with some EDs, but less is known about the association between other non-sexual SLEs and EDs. Method A case-control study of individuals with (n = 495, age mean ± SD = 29.1 ± 9.8 years) and without (n = 395, age = 30.2 ± 11.7) self-reported lifetime history of EDs was conducted to compare history of self-reported SLEs. Participants reported history of sexual (e.g., rape, other sexual assault) and non-sexual (e.g., emotional abuse, assault, bereavement) life events using an adaptation of the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire. Individuals with EDs were divided into ED subtypes along the restricting – binge eating/purging spectrum to examine subtype differences. Logistic regressions were conducted for each SLE and ED subtype to obtain odds ratios (ORs). We report p-values corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Exposure to any SLE was significantly more common in individuals with EDs than in controls (OR = 2.47, p < .001). Specifically, rape, other sexual assault, and emotional abuse were significantly more common among individuals with a history of binge-eating/purging ED subtypes (ORs = 2.15–3.58, p’s < .01) compared with controls. Furthermore, history of life-threatening disease and loss of a close relative/partner/friend were associated with some ED subtypes. The association between SLEs and EDs was stronger for individuals who had experienced multiple SLEs. Conclusion By investigating a range of different SLEs, we showed that both sexual and non-sexual SLEs were more common in individuals with a history of EDs (binge-eating/purging subtypes) than controls. Results highlight the importance of assessing a variety of past SLEs in risk assessment for different EDs.

scholarly journals Birth outcomes in a Swedish population of women reporting a history of violence including domestic violence during pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafrún Finnbogadóttir ◽  
Kathleen Baird ◽  
Li Thies-Lagergren
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy

Abstract Background Victimisation of women is encountered in all countries across the world, it damages the mental and physical health of women. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women are at a greater risk of experiencing violence from an intimate partner. The aim of this study was to explore childbirth outcomes in a Swedish population of women reporting a history of violence including domestic violence during pregnancy. Methods A longitudinal cohort design was used. In total, 1939 pregnant women ≥18 years were recruited to answer two questionnaires, both questionnaires were administered in the early and late stages of their pregnancy. The available dataset included birth records of 1694 mothers who gave birth between June 2012 and April 2014. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, T-test and bivariate logistic regression. Results Of 1694 mothers 38.7% (n = 656) reported a history of violence and 2% (n = 34) also experienced domestic violence during pregnancy. Women who were single, living apart from their partner, unemployed, smoked and faced financial distress were at a higher risk of experiencing violence (p = 0.001). They also had significant low scores on the SOC-scale and high EDS-scores ≥13 (p = 0.001) when compared to women without a history of violence (p = 0.001). Having a history of violence increased the woman’s risk of undergoing a caesarean section (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.70). A history of emotional abuse also significantly increased the risk of having a caesarean section irrespective of whether it was a planned or an emergency caesarean section (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.09–2.06). Infants born to a mother who reported a history of violence, were at significant risk of being born premature < 37 weeks of gestation compared to infants born by mothers with no history of violence (p = 0,049). Conclusions A history of violence and/or exclusively a history of emotional abuse has a negative impact on childbirth outcomes including caesarean section and premature birth. Therefore, early identification of a history of or ongoing violence is crucial to provide women with extra support which may have positive impact on her birth outcomes.

scholarly journals Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
Chantal Cyr ◽  
Rachel Eirich ◽  
R. M. Pasco Fearon ◽  
Anh Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
History Of

AbstractIt has long been claimed that “maltreatment begets maltreatment,” that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k= 80;d= 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect:k= 13,d= 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse:k= 61,d= 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse:k= 18,d= 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse:k= 18,d= 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment.

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