scholarly journals The Production of the Landfras Printing Works and Publishing House in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Štěpánka Běhalová
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
The 19Th Century

The activities of the Landfras printing works and the associated publishing house are an important part of the history of book culture in the Czech lands in the 19th century and form a significant chapter in the history of book printing and publishing in this period. The focus of the production of the printing works and the publishing house reflected the new needs of literate broad social classes in the 19th century, showing increased interest in the printed word. The company used the modern methods and technologies available, which reduced the price of the final book or other printed materials. For publication, it selected titles whose sales were guaranteed or at least expected. The result was the repeated printing of a number of titles of religious, educational and entertainment literature, which had already been popular in previous centuries, and the development of contemporary titles for the general public from both urban and rural areas. For centuries, great popularity was mainly enjoyed by the titles of religious folk literature (Himmelschlüssel prayer books by the theologian Martin von Cochem and other prayer and devotional books), in which Baroque Catholic piety was reflected until the late 19th century. To the original Himmelschlüssel and other traditional titles, the printing works added titles of its regular authors and their translations of contemporary prayer and religious literature. It complemented the titles of secular entertainment literature (reprints of original works, e.g. Kronika o Štilfridovi [The Chronicle of Štilfríd] or Kronika sedmi mudrců [The Chronicle of the Seven Wise Men]) with translations and original works by Jan Hýbl and Václav Rodomil Kramerius, and it also printed moralising stories by local priests. Educational literature, such as guides for homesteaders, cooks and the like sold also well. A separate activity section comprises the publication and printing of textbooks mostly for local schools. Until the end of the 19th century, they were abundantly complemented by printed broadsides, affordable to every household. A significant chapter of the 19th century was the development of periodicals, which was mirrored in the second half of that century also in newly emerging regional titles, especially in the weekly Ohlas od Nežárky [Echoes from the River Nežárka], which began to be published in 1871.

scholarly journals Review of the Collected Scientific Works of Mikhailovsky N. K.«Human. Thinker. Public Figure (on the 175th anniversary of his birth): Ed. G. N. Mokshin». (Voronezh: The Publishing House of VSU, 2017. 300 p.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
A V Myrikova ◽  
O E Puchnina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
State University ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The 19Th Century

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovsky is a prominent figure in the history of Russian social and political thought, a classic of populism, a vivid publicist, public figure, authoritative thinker, teacher of Russian life and «ruler of the thoughts» of the post-reform Russia in the 19th century. Collection «N. K. Mikhailovsky: The man. Thinker. A public figure (on the occasion of his 175th birthday)», published in Voronezh on the basis of the Voronezh State University, was able to unite the researchers of populism thoughts from all over the country. The collection includes articles by authors from different cities of our country: Voronezh, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Barnaul, Tambov, Taganrog, Surgut, Krasnoyarsk, Orel, Balashov. The collection contains articles by leading specialists on this subject - V. V. Blokhin, V. V. Zvereva, G. N. Mokshina, A. A. Shirinyantsa, A. I. Yudin and others.The diversity of topics and approaches to the analysis of Mikhailovsky’s works, selected by the authors of the collection, provides a comprehensive view of the object of study and the breadth of ideological coverage.The publication of the collection of scientific articles «N. K. Mikhailovsky: The man. Thinker. Public figure» is a landmark event for contemporary humanitarian thought, the history of social and political thought and the history of the social movement in Russia. It represents a successful combination of high professional analysis, relevance and acuteness of topics and can be recommended to specialists in the field of the history of populism thought, and to all those interested in the history of Russia of modern times.

P. R. Brahmananda. Money, Income, Prices in 19th Century India. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House, 2001. 744 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 1800.00.

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal Husain
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Money Income ◽  
Present Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Money, income, and prices are important macroeconomic variables that play a crucial roles in an economy. The trends in money supply, movements in prices, changes in nominal and real income, as well as their interrelationships affect the economic life and well-being of a nation. The compilation of data on these magnitudes over long periods of time along with the supporting analysis is what constitutes monetary history. The present book by P. R. Brahmananda has carried out such an exercise for India. In presenting the monetary history of India, the author has kept the pioneering work of Milton Friedman and Anna Shwartz as a model for his work, and has comprehensively treated the 19th century events and experiences of the then Indian Subcontinent in the monetary and related areas. In the process, more than 200 time series of different variables have been brought together. The book not only contains a narrative account including the summary of the various viewpoints before the currency committees, and a detailed chronology of the period, but also examines the pros and cons of the various controversies of that period. Moreover, it subjects the empirical evidence to econometric testing of several important hypotheses of the modern-day monetary theory.

PRICE OF COSSACKS' BLOOD: IN THE PUBLISHING HOUSE OF SFU IN ROSTOV-ON-DON A.YU. PERETYATKO PUBLISHED THE ORIGINAL COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS ON THE HISTORY OF THE DON COSSACKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-120
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Yurchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Original Documentary ◽  
Original Approach

The article is devoted to the latest original documentary research of the historian Artyom Yuryevich Peretyatko, presented in a large three-volume edition at the Southern Federal University in Rostov-on-Don. The publication of new archival documents on the history of the Don Cossacks is of great interest to specialists - historians of the Cossacks. The newly discovered sources introduced into the scientific circulation make it possible to re-evaluate the history of the Cossacks in the period of the "Great Reforms" of Alexander II and "Counter-Reforms" of Alexander III. Previously, this period in the history of the Cossacks was not given sufficient attention. Three-volume A.Yu. Peretyatko filled the existing gap in the published sources on the history of the Cossacks in the second half of the 19th century. The innovative format of the publication of sources integrated with the lengthy reasoning of the author of the publication, both of a historical and source study nature, is of undoubted historiographical and bibliographic interest. However, such an original approach of the author to the academic publication of documents can cause justified criticism, both by conservative historians and source researchers and historiographers. But, despite the potential criticism of specialists, one cannot but welcome the innovative search of A.Yu. Peretyatko. It is a topical form of presenting such conservative academic work as the publication of a commented collection of archival documents. In the article, the author included a detailed own historiographic review and a short bibliography of publications on the research topic by Peretyatko.

scholarly journals Kääntäjien kirjeenvaihto, suomentamisen normit ja kieli-ideologiat 1800-luvun lopun Suomessa

Virittäjä ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Professional Writers ◽  
The 19Th Century

Artikkeli käsittelee suomentamiseen liittyviä ideologioita ja normeja 1800-luvun tietokirjallisuudessa. Tapaustutkimuksena on Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiön tietokirjojen suomennostoiminta 1800-luvun lopulla. Tutkimus kytkeytyy kääntämisen sosiologiaan ja historiaan, ja siinä arvioidaan myös, miten ja missä määrin historiallisia käännösprosesseja voidaan rekonstruoida. Käännösprosesseja lähestytään tarkastelemalla eri toimijoiden − kustantaja, kääntäjä, kieliasiantuntija, tekstin arvioija − osuutta käännösprosessissa. Tutkimuksen aineistona on kustantajan ja kääntäjän kääntämistä ja kielellisiä valintoja käsittelevä kirjeenvaihto, jonka avulla on mahdollista valottaa eri suunnista kääntäjän arkea, yhteisöllisiä arvoja ja normeja käännösvalintojen taustalla sekä niitä henkilökohtaisia asenteita, jotka ohjaavat kääntäjiä erilaisiin valintoihin. Analyysin tuloksena voi päätellä, että ammattikirjoittajina kääntäjät olivat hyvin tietoisia erilaisista kielellisistä ja kääntämiseen liittyvistä normeista. Käytännön työssä kääntäjät toimivat kuitenkin usein erilaisten normien ristipaineessa, jolloin vastakkain asettuivat esimerkiksi alkuteoksen luonteen säilyttäminen ja toisaalta sen kotouttaminen. Kääntäjät olivat myös tietoisia kielen vaihtelevista normeista, tunsivat käynnissä olevat kielikeskustelut ja mukauttivat herkästi kielenkäyttöään kulloinkin vallitsevien kirjakielen normien mukaiseksi.   Norms and ideologies of translation in light of correspondence between publisher and translator in 19th-century Finland This article analyses the ideologies and norms that guided the translation of works of non-fiction in 19th-century Finland. As a case study the article analyses the processes involved in the publication of non-fiction at the Werner Söderström Ltd publishing house at the end of the 19th century. The research takes as its base theories examining the sociology and history of translation. It also aims to evaluate how and to what extent historical translation processes can be reconstructed. Translation is approached as a collaborative process involving various actors: publisher, translator, language editor, and expert reader. The data consists of correspondence between publisher and translator that deals with matters of translation or language. This correspondence sheds light on the everyday life of the translator and the socially accepted norms and ideologies that guide the translation process. It also reveals the stance of publishers concerning the choice of translator, a factor that can lead to very different end products. The analysis shows that, as professional writers, translators at the end of the 19th century were well aware of contemporary translational norms. In practice, translators were caught between various conflicting pressures – regarding, for instance, questions such as whether one should follow the original text as close as possible to preserve its unique style or assimilate the text to a Finnish context to help the reader. The data also shows that translators were well aware of linguistic norms; they were acquainted with current and past debates, and in assimilating their use of language they remained sensitive to prevailing norms.

scholarly journals The bicycle at the end of the 19th century: An instrument for land surveying and mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tristan Thielmann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Land Surveying ◽  
New Form ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> At the end of the 19th century, the bicycle was a medium used for land development, connection, sensing and routing. This article explores these features of the bicycle based on the League of American Wheelmen bulletins that were published between 1880 and 1902. The enquiry shows that the bicycle constitutes a rural geomedium since the first cyclists regarded themselves as land surveyors. Furthermore, the bicycle, as a vehicle that is connected to an individual, links the starting and end points of a route &amp;ndash; without stops on the way and without changing vehicles. This continuity of movement is a highly essential property of the medium ‘bicycle’. Being awheel and making the countryside accessible cartographically are therefore closely linked to each other; they take place in one and the same procedure as part of the joint practice of land surveys. During this process, the bicycle proves to be an ideal instrument for the sensing of road surface conditions and therefore functions as a mediator between the road and the cyclist. It also serves as a mediator between urban and rural areas and as a connected device: the bicycle is the condition for cooperation for Bicycle Clubs, which enjoyed enormous popularity at the end of the 19th century. It facilitated the cooperative experiencing and exploring of the land that had yet not been documented cartographically and, in turn, yielded its own new form of representation: navigable maps in the form of route guides.</p>

scholarly journals Rural Height Penalty or Socioeconomic Penalization? The Nutritional Inequality in Backward Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4483
Author(s):  
Antonio M. Linares-Luján ◽  
Francisco M. Parejo-Moruno
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Military Recruitment ◽  
Equality Of Means ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article studies the evolution of nutritional inequality, measured through the male adult height, in one of the poorest regions of Spain, in southwestern Europe: Extremadura. With a wide sample of statures of recruits born between 1855 and 1979, conscripted between 1876 and 2000, the research delves into the urban-rural height gap using coefficients of variation, tests of equality of means and proxy variables of a socioeconomic nature. The results of the analysis reveal that the strong anthropometric growth that Extremadura experienced since the last decades of the 19th century was accompanied by a less internal inequality. The lower heterogeneity did not eliminate, however, the urban-rural height gap during the period under study. In this sense, despite the absence of environmental differences between urban and rural areas in Extremadura, there was a clear rural height penalty in the region from the mid-19th century to the late 20th century. Rural punishment was fundamentally related to the greater presence of agrarian workers and the lower presence of wealthy families in villages and small towns. On the contrary, educational differences or differences in terms of nutritional health were not as decisive in the rural height penalization, at least when such differences are measured with the sources of military recruitment.

MASJID BESAR RAJA HAJI ABDUL GHANI PULAU BURU KEPULAUAN RIAU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurman Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Level Government

Abstract. Many Muslims in the Riau Islands do not know the history of the development of Islamic theory from the center of power to spread to various corners. This is as the existence of the Great Mosque of Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) on Buru Island, Karimun. Thus, to uncover the existence of this mosque, qualitative research methods are used so that history, architecture, and socio-religious functions can be known. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the establishment of MBRHAG was initiated by Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. He was the first Amir (sub-district level government) of the kingdom of Riau-Lingga on Buru Island, in the 19th century. The architecture is a Chinese. Therefore, on the right side of this mosque is around 200 m, there is also the Sam Po Teng Temple and the Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Thus, the close location of the mosque with Chinese and Confucian worship houses's shows a harmonious relationship between Malay Muslims and Chinese Buddhists. In fact, in the continuation of this relationship there was information that a Chinese Buddhist had joined a Muslim friend to fast for half a month of Ramadan.Keywords: Mosque, Malay Muslims, Chinese Buddhists/Confucians, Harmonious RelationsAbstrak. Umat Islam di Kepulauan Riau banyak yang tidak mengenal sejarah perkembangan ajaran Islam dari pusat kekuasaan hingga tersebar ke berbagai pelosok. Hal ini sebagaimana keberadaan Masjid Besar Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) di Pulau Buru, Karimun. Dengan demikian, untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan masjid ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif  agar dapat diketahui sejarah, arsitektur, dan fungsi sosial keagamaannya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendirian MBRHAG diprakarsai oleh Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. Ia adalah Amir (pemerintah setingkat kecamatan) pertama kerajaan Riau-Lingga di Pulau Buru, pada abad ke-19. Adapun arsitekturnya adalah seorang Tionghoa. Karena itu, di sebelah kanan masjid ini sekitar 200 m juga terdapat Kelenteng Sam Po Teng dan cetya Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Dengan demikian, dekatnya lokasi masjid dengan rumah ibadah umat Tionghoa dan Khonghucu ini menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis antara muslim Melayu dengan Budhis Tionghoa. Bahkan, dalam kelangsungan hubungan ini terdapat informasi seorang Buddhis Tionghoa pernah ikut temannya yang beragama muslim untuk berpuasa selama setengah bulan Ramadhan.Kata Kunci: Masjid, Muslim Melayu, Buddhis/Khonghucu Tionghoa, Hubungan Harmonis

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

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