scholarly journals Relationship between bone density of paranasal sinuses and adrenal steroids pattern in women during menopausal transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-418
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Gargin ◽  
Iryna Muryzina ◽  
Nikolay Shcherbina ◽  
Alina Nechyporenko ◽  
Victoria Baryshevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Natural Defense

AbstractThe course of menopause transition (MT) is associated with peculiarities of alterations occurring in a woman’s body, in particular, in the structure of bone tissue. Considering that bones of the paranasal sinuses (BPNSs) play a natural defense role against the spread of dental infection, their structure is important in dentistry. However, no information was found pertaining to changes of BPNSs during MT – a time when dental maladies increase in many women.The aim of our study was to collate density of BPNSs with status of adrenal steroids in women during MT, since the pattern of their changes determines the course of MT.Cross-sectional associations were examined between bone density of PNSs assessed by Spiral Computed Tomography and Serum content of testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Adione, and Adiol in 113 women of perimenopausal age (age range from 45 to 55 years) who had already experienced premenopausal menstrual decline (amenorrhea less than 2 years).Strong positive (r = 0.73) correlation between minimal bone density of maxillary sinus in women with level of DHEAS was detected. It is important to note, that the correlation between minimal density of the lower wall of frontal sinus is a weak positive (0.3). Therefore, it can be suggested that bone tissue of the maxillary sinus is more sensitive to changes in DHEAS.The study showed that the level of male steroids, in particular DHEAS, affected the state of bone tissue in participants older than 50 years of age.

scholarly journals Hyperandrogenemia and high prolactin in congenital utero–vaginal aplasia patients

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G Oppelt ◽  
Andreas Müller ◽  
Liana Stephan ◽  
Ralf Dittrich ◽  
Johannes Lermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Vaginal Aplasia

Patients with the Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH) have a congenital utero–vaginal cervical aplasia, but normal or hypoplastic adnexa and develop with normal female phenotype. Some reports mostly demonstrated regular steroid hormone levels in small MRKH cohorts including single MRKH patients with hyperandrogenemia and a clinical presentationof hirsutism and acne has also been shown. Genetically a correlation of WNT4 mutations with singular MRKH patients and hyperandrogenemia was noted. This study analyzed the hormone status of 215 MRKH patients by determining the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, 17-OH progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) and prolactin to determine the incidence of hyperandrogenemia and hyperprolactinemia in MRKH patients. Additional calculations and a ratio of free androgen index and biologically active testosterone revealed a hyperandrogenemia rate of 48.3%, hyperprolactinemia of 9.8% and combined hyperandrogenemia and hyperprolactinemia of 4.2% in MRKH patients. The rates of hirsutism, acne and especially polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were in the normal range of the population and showed no correlation with hyperandrogenemia. A weekly hormone assessment over 30 days comparing 5 controls and 7 MRKH patients revealed high androgen and prolactin, but lower LH/FSH and SHBG levels with MRKH patients. The sequencing of WNT4, WNT5A, WNT7A and WNT9B demonstrated no significant mutations correlating with hyperandrogenemia. Taken together, this study shows that over 52% of MRKH patients have hyperandrogenemia without clinical presentation and 14% hyperprolactinemia, which appeals for general hormone assessment and adjustments of MRKH patients.

scholarly journals Objective Habitual Physical Activity and Estradiol Levels in Obese Latina Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Gyllenhammer ◽  
Amanda K. Vanni ◽  
Courtney E. Byrd-Williams ◽  
Marc Kalan ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Latina Adolescents ◽  
Percent Time

Background:Lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased breast cancer (BC) risk; reports suggest that PA during adolescence contributes strongly to this relationship. PA lowers production of sex hormones, specifically estradiol, or decreases insulin resistance (IR), thereby lowering risk. Overweight Latina adolescents are insulin resistant and exhibit low levels of PA, potentially increasing their future BC risk.Methods:37 obese Latina adolescents (15.7 ± 1.1 yrs) provided measures of PA using accelerometry; plasma follicular phase estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS); IR using HOMA-IR; and body composition via DEXA. Partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions assessed cross-sectional relationships between sex hormones, IR and PA. Body composition, and age were included a priori as covariates.Results:Estradiol was negatively associated with accelerometer counts per minute (CPM; r = −0.4; P = .02), percent time spent in moderate PA (%MPA; r = −0.5; P = .006), and percent time in moderate or vigorous PA (%MVPA; r = −0.5; P = .007). DHEAS was positively associated with CPM (r = .4, P = .009), %MPA (r = .3, P = .04), and %MVPA (r = .3, P = .04). Other sex hormones and IR were not associated with PA measures.Conclusion:This study is the first to show that higher habitual PA was inversely associated with estradiol in obese adolescents.

Incidental mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinus in patients referred for MRI brain for suspected intracranial pathology in Eastern Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Raj Kumar Rauniyar ◽  
Kaleem Ahmad ◽  
Sajid Ansari ◽  
Ashok Raj Pant
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mucosal Thickening

Background: Mucosal abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses are frequently encountered as incidental findings during MRI evaluation of brain, however, little is known about their magnitude and spectrum in the Nepalese population. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spectrum of incidental mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinuses in patients who had undergone MRI of brain for suspected intracranial pathologies. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 consecutive patients referred for brain MRI with suspicion of intracranial pathologies over a period of two years. The mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinuses were evaluated and the findings were categorized according to the anatomic location and the imaging features of the abnormality seen on MRI. Results: Of total 600 cases, sinus abnormality was seen in 349(58.2%) patients. The spectrum of sinus abnormalities in 349 patients was as follows: mucosal thickening - 313(89.7%), polyp/retention cyst - 139(39.8%), sinus opacification - 114(32.7%), and fluid level - 23(6.6%). Maxillary sinus was involved in 291(83.4%) followed by ethmoid in 257(73.6%), frontal in 169(48.4%) and sphenoid sinus in 115(33.0%) cases. Conclusion: Incidental mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinus are common findings on MRI performed for evaluation of intracranial pathologies. Mucosal thickening is the commonest abnormality and the maxillary sinus is the most commonly affected sinus. Such a high prevalence of incidental abnormality suggests some unidentified subtle environmental allergens in this part of Nepal and the condition may reflect initial findings of allergic rhinosinusitis before it progresses to the full-fledged symptomatic stage. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 40-44 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9929      

scholarly journals Comparison of sex hormonal and metabolic profiles between omnivores and vegetarians in pre- and post-menopausal women

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony D. Karelis ◽  
Annie Fex ◽  
Marie-Eve Filion ◽  
Herman Adlercreutz ◽  
Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sex hormonal and metabolic profiles in vegetarians and compare these with the profiles in omnivores. The design of the present study was cross-sectional. The study sample of pre- and post-menopausal women included forty-one omnivores and twenty-one vegetarians. Thereafter we determined: (1) plasma sex hormones, (2) fasting insulin, NEFA as well as apo-A and apo-B, (3) BMI, (4) a dietary profile (3 d dietary records), (5) physical activity and (6) total faecal excretion per 72 h and total urinary excretion per 72 h. Vegetarians showed higher levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), apo-A, total faecal excretion per 72 h and total fibre intake as well as lower levels of apo-B, free oestradiol, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s) and BMI. Interestingly, after controlling for BMI, significant differences between groups still persisted except for apo-B. Moreover, stepwise regression analysis showed that total fibre intake explained 15·2 % of the variation in SHBG in our cohort, which accounted for the greatest source of unique variance. Results of the present study indicate that pre- and post-menopausal vegetarians present higher concentrations of SHBG, which could be explained, in part, by higher levels of fibre intake. This may explain, at least in part, the lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Changes in Metabolic Profile in the Women with a History of PCOS—A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jacewicz-Święcka ◽  
Irina Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Androgen Index

Data concerning metabolic consequences in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are delivered mainly by cross-sectional studies. In this research, we re-examined 31 Caucasian PCOS women after a median period of 120.9 months to evaluate the changes in metabolic syndrome components. Clinical examination, oral glucose tolerance test with estimations of glucose and insulin, lipids, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex hormones assessments were performed on two occasions. Additionally, the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique was used at the baseline to assess insulin sensitivity (M-clamp value). In the end, the median age of participants was 35. We observed an increase in glucose concentrations, a decrease in insulin concentrations and no changes in insulin resistance markers. Final mean glucose, mean insulin, Matsuda index and body mass index (BMI) were correlated with baseline M-clamp value and SHBG (p < 0.01). During the follow-up, no one in the sample developed diabetes. The annualised incidence rate for conversion from normoglycaemia to prediabetes totalled 4.5%. Baseline BMI, free androgen index, fasting glucose and M-clamp value were identified as prediabetes predictors in young PCOS women (respectively, OR = 1.17, OR = 1.42, OR = 1.2, OR = 0.73, p < 0.05). Prediabetes appeared in 76.47% of the women with a final BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 and in 7.14% of the normal-weight women (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, we report a high rate of adverse change in glucose metabolism in overweight and obese participants, a deterioration in β-cell function and strong correlations between metabolic parameters assessed in the third and the fourth decade in PCOS women, emphasising the role of early intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Complex Automatic Determination of Morphological Parameters for Bone Tissue in Human Paranasal Sinuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Alina.S. Nechyporenko ◽  
Radiy Radutny ◽  
Victoriia V. Alekseeva ◽  
Ganna Titova ◽  
VitaliyV. Gargin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Automatic Determination

Introduction: Application of automated analysis currently occupies a leading position in every field of science and technology. The aim of our study was to provide a complex automatic determination of morphological parameters for bone tissue in human paranasal sinuses. Materials and Methods: The study involved 50 patients aged 20 to 60, male and female without signs of inflammatory or other pathological processes in the paranasal sinuses (PNSs). Results: Bone density in a high-contrast image of the section can be determined by fluctuations in colour intensity. Before cleaning, the image is blurred using the Gaussian function. As a result of this operation, the images become less clear and small details merge. An algorithm known as the Connie Border Detector has found widespread use. The curves denoting the contours can run vertically, horizontally or diagonally at different angles. Detection of the direction of curves passing vertically and horizontally is not complicated, and for curves of the diagonal direction, the Sobel operator is used, with the vertical direction Gy and horizontal Gx as the value of the first derivative. Selection of areas of bone tissue requires the assessment of brightness gradient along the long side of the area. For clarity, this operation was shown graphically. Conclusion: Within the scope of this work, we have developed a method for an automatic comprehensive assessment of the morphological structure of the PNSs walls with the measurement of bone density and thickness.

Sex-specific young adult reference ranges for sex hormone concentrations measured on the Siemens ADVIA Centaur/Geschlechtsspezifische Referenzbereiche für Sexualhormonkonzentrationen junger Erwachsener gemessen auf dem Siemens ADVIA Centaur

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hannemann ◽  
Nele Friedrich ◽  
Christin Spielhagen ◽  
Matthias Nauck ◽  
Robin Haring
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Free Androgen Index

AbstractThe present study aims to determine reference ranges for sex hormone concentrations measured on the Siemens ADVIA CentaurThe study sample consisted of 1638 individuals (814 men and 824 women) aged 18–60 years with measured serum concentrations of total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Values for free testosterone (free T) and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Sex- and age-specific (18 to <25, 25 to <35, 35 to <45, and ≥45 years) reference ranges for these sex hormones were determined using quantile regression models for each sex hormone separately.Sex hormone reference ranges were determined across each single year of age separately for men (TT: 5.60–29.58 nmol/L, SHBG: 17.65–73.64 nmol/L, DHEAS: 0.96–4.43 mg/L, free T: 0.10–0.51 nmol/L, and FAI: 15.04–70.37 nmol/L) and women (TT: 0.77–2.85 nmol/L, SHBG: 27.06–262.76 nmol/L, DHEAS: 0.50–3.15 mg/L, free T: 0.005–0.05 nmol/L, and FAI: 0.51–8.30 nmol/L), respectively.

Comparison of Cross-sectional Geometrical Properties and Bone Density between Saint-Bernard and other Giant Breed Dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mejia ◽  
A. Iodence ◽  
L. Griffin ◽  
S.J. Withrow ◽  
M. Salman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Saint Bernard

OSTEOPOROSIS AND RISK FACTORS IN THE PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Thi Dung Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Reduction

Background: The patients on hemodialysis have a significantly decreased quality of life. One of many problems which reduce the quality of life and increase the mortality in these patients is osteoporosis and osteoporosis associated fractures. Objectives: To assess the bone density of those on hemodialysis by dual energy X ray absorptiometry and to examine the risk factors of bone density reduction in these patients. Patients and Method: This is a cross-sectional study, including 93 patients on chronic hemodialysis at the department of Hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Results: Mean bone densities at the region of interest (ROI) neck, trochanter, Ward triangle, intertrochanter and total neck are 0.603 ± 0.105; 0.583 ± 0.121; 0.811 ± 0.166; 0.489 ± 0.146; 0.723 ± 0.138 g/cm2 respectively. The prevalences of osteoporosis at those ROI are 39.8%, 15.1%; 28%; 38.7%; and 26.9% respectively. The prevalences of osteopenia at those ROI are 54.8%; 46.3%; 60.2%; 45.2% and 62.7% respectively. The prevalence of osteopososis in at least one ROI is 52.7% and the prevalence of osteopenia in at least one ROI is 47.3%. There are relations between the bone density at the neck and the gender of the patient and the albuminemia. Bone density at the trochanter is influenced by gender, albuminemia, calcemia and phosphoremia. Bone density at the intertrochanter is affected by the gender. Bone density at the Ward triangle is influenced by age and albuminemia. Total neck bone density is influenced by gender, albuminemia and phosphoremia. Conclusion: Osteoporosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis is an issue that requires our attention. There are many interventionable risk factors of bone density decrease in these patients. Key words: Osteoporosis, DEXA, chronic renal failure, chronic hemodialysis

scholarly journals Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quiros-Roldan ◽  
T. Porcelli ◽  
L. C. Pezzaioli ◽  
M. Degli Antoni ◽  
S. Paghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Hypogonadism is frequent in HIV-infected men and might impact on metabolic and sexual health. Low testosterone results from either primary testicular damage, secondary hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, or from liver-derived sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) elevation, with consequent reduction of free testosterone. The relationship between liver fibrosis and hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is unknown. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in a cohort of HIV-infected men and its relationship with liver fibrosis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study including 107 HIV-infected men (median age 54 years) with hypogonadal symptoms. Based on total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone, five categories were identified: eugonadism, primary, secondary, normogonadotropic and compensated hypogonadism. Estimates of liver fibrosis were performed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Results Hypogonadism was found in 32/107 patients (30.8%), with normogonadotropic (10/107, 9.3%) and compensated (17/107, 15.8%) being the most frequent forms. Patients with secondary/normogonadotropic hypogonadism had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0001). Patients with compensated hypogonadism had longer HIV infection duration (p = 0.031), higher APRI (p = 0.035) and FIB-4 scores (p = 0.008), and higher HCV co-infection. Univariate analysis showed a direct significant correlation between APRI and TT (p = 0.006) and SHBG (p = 0.002), and between FIB-4 and SHBG (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that SHBG was independently associated with both liver fibrosis scores. Conclusion Overt and compensated hypogonadism are frequently observed among HIV-infected men. Whereas obesity is related to secondary hypogonadism, high SHBG levels, related to liver fibrosis degree and HCV co-infection, are responsible for compensated forms.

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