Incidental mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinus in patients referred for MRI brain for suspected intracranial pathology in Eastern Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Raj Kumar Rauniyar ◽  
Kaleem Ahmad ◽  
Sajid Ansari ◽  
Ashok Raj Pant
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mucosal Thickening

Background: Mucosal abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses are frequently encountered as incidental findings during MRI evaluation of brain, however, little is known about their magnitude and spectrum in the Nepalese population. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spectrum of incidental mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinuses in patients who had undergone MRI of brain for suspected intracranial pathologies. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 consecutive patients referred for brain MRI with suspicion of intracranial pathologies over a period of two years. The mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinuses were evaluated and the findings were categorized according to the anatomic location and the imaging features of the abnormality seen on MRI. Results: Of total 600 cases, sinus abnormality was seen in 349(58.2%) patients. The spectrum of sinus abnormalities in 349 patients was as follows: mucosal thickening - 313(89.7%), polyp/retention cyst - 139(39.8%), sinus opacification - 114(32.7%), and fluid level - 23(6.6%). Maxillary sinus was involved in 291(83.4%) followed by ethmoid in 257(73.6%), frontal in 169(48.4%) and sphenoid sinus in 115(33.0%) cases. Conclusion: Incidental mucosal abnormalities of paranasal sinus are common findings on MRI performed for evaluation of intracranial pathologies. Mucosal thickening is the commonest abnormality and the maxillary sinus is the most commonly affected sinus. Such a high prevalence of incidental abnormality suggests some unidentified subtle environmental allergens in this part of Nepal and the condition may reflect initial findings of allergic rhinosinusitis before it progresses to the full-fledged symptomatic stage. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 40-44 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9929      

scholarly journals Paranasal sinus opacification in headache sufferers: A population-based imaging study (the HUNT study-MRI)

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grande Hansen ◽  
Lars Jacob Stovner ◽  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Anne-Sofie Helvik ◽  
Wenche Moe Thorstensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mucosal Thickening

Background The association between headache and paranasal sinus disease is still unclear. Because of symptom overlap, the two conditions are not easily studied on the basis of symptoms alone. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether paranasal sinus opacification on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) or unclassified headache. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 844 randomly selected participants (442 women, age range 50–65 years, mean age 57.7 years). Based on 14 headache questions, participants were allocated to four mutually exclusive groups: migraine, TTH, unclassified headache or headache free. On MRI, opacifications as mucosal thickening, polyps/retention cysts and fluid in the five paired sinuses were measured and recorded if ≥1 mm. For each participant, opacification thickness was summed for each sinus and, in addition, a total sum of all sinuses was calculated. Opacification in each sinus was compared between headache-free participants and the headache groups using non-parametric tests, and the total sum was compared by logistical regression. Results No significant association was found between paranasal sinus opacification and headache in general, nor when headache was differentiated into migraine, TTH and unclassified headache. This was also true in separate analyses of mucosal thickening and fluid and of opacification from each paranasal sinus. Conclusion Migraine, TTH and unclassified headache were found not to be associated with an increased degree of paranasal sinus opacification at MRI.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

Suppurative Infections in Hospitalized Patients – An Ongoing MRSA Threat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Razzak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Medical Wards

Background: Penicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus commonly encountered in the hospital admitted patients. Detection of antibiotic sensitivity in hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is important as it has great influence on empiric antibiotic prescription, successful control of infection, prevention of spread of disease and successful patient management. This study aimed to detect the frequency of HA-MRSA from pus samples in a hospital setup with assessment of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Microbiology department of Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC, Karachi from January 2015 until December 2015. Pus samples from surgical site wounds, skin lesions, abscesses from surgical and medical wards and ICUs were collected. According to the standards given by CLSI 2014, MRSA testing of the samples was done and susceptibility testing for antibiotics was performed. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected by D-Test; E Test. determined MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for vancomycin. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Result: Out of the 149 MRSA identified from the pus samples, 106 (71.14%) samples were HA-MRSA. The number of male patients was more than the female patients (67.66%). Out of the 106 HA-MRSA, 91(85.8%) were sensitive to TMP/SMX, 98(92.5%) to rifampicin, 12(11.6%) to gentamicin, 85(80.2%) to tetracycline, 11(10.4%) to erythromycin, 37(34.9%) to clindamycin, 20(18.9%) to ciprofloxacin, 106 (100%) to both vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: HA-MRSA showed sensitivity to TMP/SMX and vancomycin making them effective drugs to use in combination in superficial infections. The drug linezolid also showed 100% sensitivity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta R Singh ◽  
Bunsoth Mao ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov ◽  
Pisey Tan ◽  
Phana Leab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Siem Reap ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2–14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2–4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. Results Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium: a cross-sectional study in Reunion island

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calas ◽  
N. Zemali ◽  
G. Camuset ◽  
J. Jaubert ◽  
R. Manaquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in patients visiting a French STI clinic in the Indian Ocean region to determine whether current STI screening practices should be updated. Methods This cross-sectional study examined all patients who visited the STI clinic between 2014 and 2015. Triplex polymerase chain reaction screening for CT, NG, and MG was performed on urine, vaginal, pharyngeal, and anal specimens (FTD Urethritis Basic Kit, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg). Results Of the 851 patients enrolled in the study, 367 were women (367/851, 43.2%) and 484 were men (484/851, 56.0%). Overall, 826 urogenital specimens (826/851, 97.1%), 606 pharyngeal specimens (606/851, 71.2%), and 127 anal specimens (127/851, 14.9%) were taken from enrolled patients. The prevalence of urogenital CT and MG was high in women ≤25 years (19/186, 10.21%; 5/186, 2.69%) and in men who have sex with women ≤30 years (16/212, 7.54%; 5/212, 2.36%). Among patients with urogenital CT infection, 13.7% (7/51) had urethritis. All patients with urogenital MG infection were asymptomatic. Men who have sex with men had a high prevalence of pharyngeal CT (2/45, 4.44%) and NG (3/44, 6.81%) and a high prevalence of anal CT (2/27, 7.41%), NG (2/27, 7.40%), and MG (1/27, 3.70%). After excluding patients with concomitant urogenital infection, extragenital infections with at least 1 of the 3 pathogens were found in 20 swabs (20/91, 21.9%) taken from 16 patients (16/81, 19.7%), all of them asymptomatic. Conclusions Routine multisite screening for CT, NG, and MG should be performed to mitigate the transmission of STIs in high-risk sexually active populations.

scholarly journals Association between Odontogenic and Maxillary Sinus Conditions: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2849
Author(s):  
Piotr Kuligowski ◽  
Aleksandra Jaroń ◽  
Olga Preuss ◽  
Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek ◽  
Joanna Bladowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Odontogenic infections can directly trigger maxillary sinusitis. CBCT is an excellent choice for precise examination of maxillary sinuses and hard tissues within the oral cavity. The objective of this retrospective and the cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of odontogenic conditions on the presence and intensity of maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening using CBCT imaging. Moreover, periodontal bone loss and anatomic relationship between adjacent teeth and maxillary sinuses were assessed to evaluate its possible impact on creating maxillary thickening. The study sample consisted of 200 maxillary sinuses of 100 patients visible on CBCT examination with a field of view of 13 × 15 cm. The presented study revealed a significant influence of periapical lesions, inappropriate endodontic treatment, severe caries, and extracted teeth on the presence of increased thickening of maxillary sinus mucous membrane. In addition, an increase in the distance between root apices and maxillary sinus floor triggered a significant reduction of maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening. The presence of periodontal bone loss significantly increases maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickening.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional Risk and Prevalence of Obesity in Patients with Covid-19 in A Reference Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 011-015
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel ◽  
Gilson Cruz de Moraes ◽  
Shalla Gomes Cavalcanti Barcelos ◽  
Pedro Carlos Muniz de Figueiredo ◽  
Magno Conceição Das Merces
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nrs 2002 ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Nutritional Risk Screening

Abstract Introduction The Coronavirus has spread to almost every country in the world, causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The coronavirus stands out among the other infections especially by it's high contagious power and important effects on the respiratory system. The COVID-19 has differents ways of presentation and these are influenced by the patient's previous nutricional status, correlated with the patient's lifestyle and comorbities. Objective this survey seeks to analyze the nutritional status and the prevalence of obesity in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: this is a descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study type, which 41 patients affected by COVID-19 were interviewed. Patient's weight and height were used to assess the BMI, and nutritional risk assessment was performed using the Nutritional Risk Screening tool (NRS 2002). For the analysis, Absolute (AF) and Relative Frequency (RF), the mean and the standard deviation were calculated. Results It was observerd that 78% of the participants had a high nutritional risk, while only 22% had a low nutritional risk. Besides that, 34% showed overweight and 41.4% showed obesity. Conclusion the existence of a high prevalence of increased nutritional risk was evidenced, in addition to the high frequency of overweight in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Marius Baguma ◽  
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽  
Esto Bahizire ◽  
Germain Zabaday Mudumbi ◽  
Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.

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