Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration

Abstract Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.

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Regenereation in periodontics

Global Dentistry ◽

10.36879/gsl.dcr.2018.00009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Murtaza Kaderi ◽

Mohsin Ali ◽

Alfiya Ali ◽

Tasneem Kaderi

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Extensive Documentation

The goals of periodontal therapy are to arrest of periodontal disease progression and to attain the regeneration of the periodontal apparatus. Osseous grafting and Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are the two techniques with the most extensive documentation of periodontal regeneration. However, these techniques offer limited potential towards regenerating the periodontal tissues. Recent surgical procedures and application of newer materials aim at greater and more predictable regeneration with the concept of tissue engineering for enhanced periodontal regeneration and functional attachment have been developed, analyzed, and employed in clinical practice

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Amniotic Fluid Cells, Stem Cells, and p53: Can We Stereotype p53 Functions?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20092236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Melissa Rodrigues ◽

Christine Blattner ◽

Liborio Stuppia

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Formation ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Human Amniotic Fluid ◽

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽

Differentiated Cells ◽

High Proliferation Rate ◽

Alternative Sources

In recent years, great interest has been devoted to finding alternative sources for human stem cells which can be easily isolated, ideally without raising ethical objections. These stem cells should furthermore have a high proliferation rate and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Amniotic fluid, ordinarily discarded as medical waste, is potentially such a novel source of stem cells, and these amniotic fluid derived stem cells are currently gaining a lot of attention. However, further information will be required about the properties of these cells before they can be used for therapeutic purposes. For example, the risk of tumor formation after cell transplantation needs to be explored. The tumor suppressor protein p53, well known for its activity in controlling Cell Prolif.eration and cell death in differentiated cells, has more recently been found to be also active in amniotic fluid stem cells. In this review, we summarize the major findings about human amniotic fluid stem cells since their discovery, followed by a brief overview of the important role played by p53 in embryonic and adult stem cells. In addition, we explore what is known about p53 in amniotic fluid stem cells to date, and emphasize the need to investigate its role, particularly in the context of cell tumorigenicity.

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Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Knee Arthritis and Cartilage Defects: A Review of the Literature

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1710366 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William Fang ◽

ZhiTao Sun ◽

Xiao Chen ◽

Bo Han ◽

C. Thomas Vangsness

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Synovial Fluid ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Sports Injuries ◽

Cartilage Defects ◽

Joint Injury ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Potential Use

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell lineages including adipocytes, chondrocytes, tenocytes, bones, and myoblasts. These properties make the cell a promising candidate for regenerative medicine applications, especially when dealing with sports injuries in the knee. MSCs can be isolated from almost every type of adult tissue. However, most of the current research focuses on MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose, and placenta derived products. Synovial fluid-derived MSCs (SF-MSCs) are relatively overlooked but have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties including possessing higher chondrogenic proliferation capabilities than other types of MSCs. Interestingly, SF-MSC population has shown to increase exponentially in patients with joint injury or disease, pointing to a potential use as a biomarker or as a treatment of some orthopaedic disorders. In this review, we go over the current literature on synovial fluid-derived MSCs including the characterization, the animal studies, and discuss future perspectives.

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New Perspectives in the Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12132197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2197 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Federico Ausenda ◽

Giulio Rasperini ◽

Raffaele Acunzo ◽

Angelina Gorbunkova ◽

Giorgio Pagni

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Barrier Membranes ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Materials Used

Periodontitis is a disease with a high prevalence among adults. If not treated, it can lead to loss of teeth. Periodontal therapy aims at maintaining patient’s teeth through infection control and correction of non-maintainable anatomies including—when possible—regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. The biological regenerative potential of the periodontium is high, and several biomaterials can be utilized to improve the outcome of periodontal therapy. Use of different natural and synthetic materials in the periodontal field has been studied for many years. The main materials used today in periodontology analyzed in this review are: Resorbable and non-resorbable barrier membranes; autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes; biological agents, such as amelogenins; platelet-derived growth factor; bone morphogenic proteins; rh fibroblast growth factor 2; teriparatide hormone; platelet concentrates; and 3D scaffolds. With the development of new surgical techniques some concepts on periodontal regeneration that were strictly applied in the past seem to be not so critical today. This can have an impact on the materials that are needed when attempting to regenerate lost periodontal structures. This review aims at presenting a rationale behind the use of biomaterials in modern periodontal regeneration

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Enhanced periodontal regeneration using collagen stem cells or growth factors

Frontiers in Bioscience ◽

10.2741/s482 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 180-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tanja Basan

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Periodontal Regeneration

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Periodontal Bone-Ligament-Cementum Regeneration via Scaffolds and Stem Cells

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8060537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jin Liu ◽

Jianping Ruan ◽

Michael D. Weir ◽

Ke Ren ◽

Abraham Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Region ◽

And Function ◽

Bone Remains

Periodontitis is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide, causing the damage of periodontal support tissues, which can eventually lead to tooth loss. The goal of periodontal treatment is to control the infections and reconstruct the structure and function of periodontal tissues including cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers, and bone. The regeneration of these three types of tissues, including the re-formation of the oriented PDL fibers to be attached firmly to the new cementum and alveolar bone, remains a major challenge. This article represents the first systematic review on the cutting-edge researches on the regeneration of all three types of periodontal tissues and the simultaneous regeneration of the entire bone-PDL-cementum complex, via stem cells, bio-printing, gene therapy, and layered bio-mimetic technologies. This article primarily includes bone regeneration; PDL regeneration; cementum regeneration; endogenous cell-homing and host-mobilized stem cells; 3D bio-printing and generation of the oriented PDL fibers; gene therapy-based approaches for periodontal regeneration; regenerating the bone-PDL-cementum complex via layered materials and cells. These novel developments in stem cell technology and bioactive and bio-mimetic scaffolds are highly promising to substantially enhance the periodontal regeneration including both hard and soft tissues, with applicability to other therapies in the oral and maxillofacial region.

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Chondrogenesis of Adult Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow: Induction by Growth Factors and Cartilage-Derived Matrix

Tissue Engineering Part A ◽

10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0398 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 523-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

Brian O. Diekman ◽

Christopher R. Rowland ◽

Donald P. Lennon ◽

Arnold I. Caplan ◽

Farshid Guilak

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

And Cartilage

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REGENERATION WITH AUTOGENOUS BONE GRAFT IN ANGULAR DEFECT

Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences ◽

10.22270/jmpas.v10i3.1172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 2871-2873

Author(s):

Manish Dev Sejwal

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Autogenous Bone Graft ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Bony Defect ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Grafting Materials

Untreated periodontal disease destroys the attachment apparatus and tooth supporting tissues, resulting in tooth loss. Periodontal treatment aims to stop the progression of periodontal disease while also regenerating periodontal tissues that have been lost due to periodontal disease. Periodontal regeneration appears to occur after treatment with autogenous bone grafts, according to data from clinical and histological research. Because it contains cells that engage in osteogenesis, autogenous bone possesses osteogenic potential. Autografts are also bioabsorbable (they are eventually replaced by the patient's own bone), nonallergenic (they produce little tissue reaction without an immunological reaction), simple to utilize, and inexpensive. Around autogenous bone graft particles, rapid revascularization occurs, and the graft can release growth and differentiation agents. When compared to open flap debridement, autogenous cancellous bone from the jaw is not suited for repairing intrabony periodontal abnormalities. An autogenous cortical bone (ACB) graft derived from the surgical site close to the intraosseous defect is beneficial because it eliminates the requirement for a second surgical site for repairing intraosseous periodontal deficiencies. For tissue regeneration, many therapeutic techniques are employed. Various grafting materials, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts, have been used and therapeutically utilized among them. A case report on periodontal regeneration employing autogenous bone in the treatment of a periodontal intra-bony defect in the lower left molars is presented in this study.

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Kidney stem cells

10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0344 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oren Pleniceanu ◽

Benjamin Dekel

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cells ◽

End Stage Renal Failure ◽

Renal Stem Cells ◽

Nephron Progenitors ◽

End Stage ◽

Kidney Stem Cells ◽

Potential Use

End-stage renal failure is a major cause of death with currently only dialysis and transplantation available as therapeutic options, each with its own limitations and drawbacks. To allow regenerative medicine-based kidney replacement therapies and due to the fact that neither haematopoietic stem cells nor mesenchymal stem cells, the most accessible human stem cells, can be used to derive genuine nephron progenitors, much attention has been given to finding adult renal stem cells. Several candidates for this have been described, but their true identity as stem or progenitor cells and their potential use in therapy has not yet been shown. However, the analysis of embryonic renal stem cells, specifically stem/progenitor cells that are induced into the nephrogenic pathway to form nephrons until the 34th week of gestation, has been much more conclusive.

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