New Perspectives in the Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration

Periodontitis is a disease with a high prevalence among adults. If not treated, it can lead to loss of teeth. Periodontal therapy aims at maintaining patient’s teeth through infection control and correction of non-maintainable anatomies including—when possible—regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. The biological regenerative potential of the periodontium is high, and several biomaterials can be utilized to improve the outcome of periodontal therapy. Use of different natural and synthetic materials in the periodontal field has been studied for many years. The main materials used today in periodontology analyzed in this review are: Resorbable and non-resorbable barrier membranes; autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes; biological agents, such as amelogenins; platelet-derived growth factor; bone morphogenic proteins; rh fibroblast growth factor 2; teriparatide hormone; platelet concentrates; and 3D scaffolds. With the development of new surgical techniques some concepts on periodontal regeneration that were strictly applied in the past seem to be not so critical today. This can have an impact on the materials that are needed when attempting to regenerate lost periodontal structures. This review aims at presenting a rationale behind the use of biomaterials in modern periodontal regeneration

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Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.2478/bjmg-2013-0012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Pejcic ◽

D. Kojovic ◽

D. Mirkovic ◽

I. Minic

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Barrier Membranes ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Grafting Materials ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.

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Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Might Increase the Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Periodontal Tissues

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10758

Author(s):

Stefano Guizzardi ◽

Giuseppe Pedrazzi ◽

Carlo Galli

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Primary Cilia ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Enamel Matrix Derivative ◽

Enamel Matrix ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Osteoblast Activity ◽

Matrix Derivative

Periodontal regeneration is a complex goal, which is commonly pursued with a combination of surgical techniques, biomaterials, and bioactive compounds. One such compound is enamel matrix derivative (EMD), a medical substance that is extracted from porcine tooth germs and which contains several protein fractions with BMP- and TGF-β-like action. Activation of TGF-β signaling is required for EMD activity on cells and tissues, and a growing body of evidence indicates that EMD largely relies on this pathway. As low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have long been investigated as a tool to promote bone formation and osteoblast activity, and because recent studies have reported that the effects of EMFs on cells require primary cilia, by modulating the presence of membrane-bound receptors (e.g., for BMP) or signal mediators, it can be hypothesized that the application of EMFs may increase cell sensitivity to EMD: as TGFBR receptors have also been identified on primary cilia, EMFs could make cells more responsive to EMD by inducing the display of a higher number of receptors on the cellular membrane.

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Preliminary Findings of α-Actinin-3 Gene Distribution in Elite Turkish Wind Surfers

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.2478/bjmg-2013-0020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 69-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K Ulucan ◽

S Göle ◽

N Altindas ◽

A.I. Güney

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Barrier Membranes ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Grafting Materials ◽

Potential Use

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Biocompatibility Improvement of Pure Hydroxyapatite (HA) with Different Porosity

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.927 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 330-332 ◽

pp. 927-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jean Christophe Hornez ◽

Feng Chai ◽

N. Blanchemain ◽

A. Lefèvre ◽

M. Descamps ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focal Adhesion ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Longitudinal Direction ◽

Graphite Powder ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Cytochemical Staining ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Biological Effectiveness ◽

Materials Used ◽

Adhesion Process

Calcium phosphate compounds, in particular HA and β-TCP, are the principal synthetic materials used for bone substitutes. To assess the feasibility for further grafting of drug delivery systems, a pure HA was elaborated with specific internal material porosities and then tested on its biological effectiveness. The cell viability tests with L132 cells confirmed the excellent cytocompatibility of HA and the graphite powder. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were grown on HA conditioned with culture medium and FCS for 2h. All HA samples produced a higher proliferation and vitality rates than the TCPS controls; the micro-porous HA inducing the highest cell growth near 150%. The macro/meso-porous HA is easily colonized by MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts As to the cell morphology, no significant differences are observed between control cells and those grown on the HA samples. Cytochemical staining of osteoblasts revealed a well developed cytoskeleton with strong stress fibres oriented in the cells in their longitudinal direction. Labelling of the focal adhesion contacts with anti-vinculin showed a less developed adhesion process in the cells on the different HA substrates, which may explain the above mentioned increase of proliferation.

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Regenereation in periodontics

Global Dentistry ◽

10.36879/gsl.dcr.2018.00009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Murtaza Kaderi ◽

Mohsin Ali ◽

Alfiya Ali ◽

Tasneem Kaderi

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Extensive Documentation

The goals of periodontal therapy are to arrest of periodontal disease progression and to attain the regeneration of the periodontal apparatus. Osseous grafting and Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are the two techniques with the most extensive documentation of periodontal regeneration. However, these techniques offer limited potential towards regenerating the periodontal tissues. Recent surgical procedures and application of newer materials aim at greater and more predictable regeneration with the concept of tissue engineering for enhanced periodontal regeneration and functional attachment have been developed, analyzed, and employed in clinical practice

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Patterns of Periodontal Destruction among Smokeless Tobacco Users in a Central Indian Population

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Pradeep S. Anand ◽

Supriya Mishra ◽

Deepti Nagle ◽

Namitha P. Kamath ◽

Kavitha P. Kamath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Probing Depth ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Periodontal Destruction ◽

Different Populations ◽

Oral Hygiene Habits

Background: Findings of studies testing the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontal health have shown varying results in different populations. Considering the high prevalence of SLT use in India, the present study was conducted to understand the pattern of periodontal destruction within different areas of the dentition among SLT users. Methods: Age, gender, oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of SLT consumption, the type of SLT product used, and the site of retention of the SLT product in the oral cavity were recorded among 90 SLT users. Probing depth (PD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at SLT-associated and non SLT-associated teeth of the mandibular arch were compared based on the site of retention of the SLT product, the type of product used, and the duration of the habit. Results: REC and CAL were significantly higher at the SLT-associated zones compared to non SLT-associated zones and at both interproximal and mid-buccal sites of SLT-associated teeth. Among individuals who had the habit for more than 5 years and also among those who had the habit for 5–10 years, PD, REC, and CAL were significantly higher at SLT-associated teeth than at non SLT-associated teeth. Significantly greater periodontal destruction was observed at SLT-associated teeth among khaini users and gutkha users. Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco consumption resulted in greater destruction of periodontal tissues. The severity of periodontal destruction at SLT-associated sites differed depending on the type of smokeless tobacco used, the site of retention of the SLT, and the duration of the habit.

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DENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-5-22-28 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Sultanshina A.R. ◽

Kabirova M.F. ◽

Bashirova T.V.

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Main Group ◽

Dental Status ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Destructive Processes

With diabetes, there is a violation of the microvasculature, a violation of the immune status, an increase in destructive processes in the bone tissue, which leads to the development and / or intensification of pathological processes. In the oral cavity, the most frequently diagnosed inflammatory periodontal diseases, chronic injuries of the oral mucosa (COP), recurrent aphthous stomatitis, COP candidiasis. The aim of our study was to study the dental status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A descriptive evaluative epidemiologically controlled, non-randomized study was conducted to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes on dental status. The main group (“case”) consisted of 68 patients with type 2 diabetes in the compensation phase (IA) and 56 patients in the subcompensation phase (IB). The comparison group included 60 patients without somatic pathology. All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination, bacteriological and microscopic examination to identify fungi of the genus Candida. Results: in patients with subcompensated form of type 2 diabetes, there was an increase in the frequency of complaints of plaque on the tongue, burning sensation in the COP, dryness and changes in taste. Periodontal indices indicate that the patients of the main group have a high prevalence of inflammatory and destructive processes in the periodontal tissues (indices of PMA, KPI, Mullemann indices) with poor oral hygiene (OHI-S = 3.5 ± 0.4), which confirms the Friedman criterion (χ2 = 116.27; p = 0.0000) based on the calculation of Kendall's concordance coefficient (0.743). The diagnosis of oral mucosa candidiasis was confirmed in 74.6% of patients in the main group by bacteriological examination.

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Management of Chronic Gingivitis with localized periodontitis by Nonsurgical (Phase I) Periodontal Therapy- A Case Report

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v7i2.36211 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Md Huzzatul Islam Khan ◽

Sultana Akter Eka ◽

Md Ashif Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Bone Destruction ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Hygiene Measures ◽

Tissue Flap

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues (periodontium) which surround and support the teeth, that results in attachment loss and alveolar bone destruction leads to ultimate tooth loss. It is caused by the bacteria present in dental plaque, which is a tenacious substance that forms on teeth and gingiva just after teeth are brushed. Periodontal treatment is aimed at controlling the infection in order to stop the progression of the disease and to be able to maintain a healthy periodontium. Mechanical debridement of supragingival and subgingival biofilms, together with adequate oral hygiene measures is the standard periodontal therapy. This mechanical subgingi- val biofilm debridement consists of an initial (nonsurgical /phase I) phase involving scaling and root planing (SRP) and the elimination of plaque retentive factors, followed by a surgical phase (if needed) including the elevation of a tissue flap and bone remodeling in further stages. The adjunct use of antibiotics has proven to additionally improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. A clinical case of a 40-years-old male patient with generalized severe chronic periodontitis with localized gingival swell- ing was treated with nonsurgical (phase I) periodontal therapy that was confined to oral hygiene instruction (OHI), SRP with an adjunct antimicrobial regimen.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 33-37

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