scholarly journals Does gentrification of the Praga Północ district in Warsaw really exist?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (39) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Dudek-Mańkowska ◽  
Bartłomiej Iwańczak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Revitalization ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Time Subject ◽  
Over Time

AbstractResearch on gentrification has been conducted for over 50 years by representatives of many disciplines. Modern gentrification is a process somewhat different from that originally described by R. Glass in 1964. Authors do not agree how to measure the process, nor how to explain its meaning (Bourne, 1993). Creating the right indicators is very difficult, especially if it is widely believed that gentrification, as a process identifying changes over time and a way of measuring dynamics, should enable the comparison of data from multiple years (Lees, 2010). The aim of this study was to identify the socio-spatial changes taking place in the Warsaw district of Praga Północ and to determine if it can be described as gentrification. The study area is a district stereotypically perceived as neglected, dangerous and deteriorated (e.g. Dudek-Mańkowska, 2011), at the same time subject to strong functional changes. Praga Północ is also an area of interest to many artists, creative industries and developers, and is undergoing gradual regeneration through municipal urban revitalization programs. It is also an area that the media portray as undergoing the process of gentrification. The results show that social and residential changes actually take place but the overall gentrification has not been felt by residents.

Improvement in prefrontal thalamic connectivity during the early course of the illness in recent-onset psychosis: a 12-month longitudinal follow-up resting-state fMRI study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daniel Bergé ◽  
Tyler A. Lesh ◽  
Jason Smucny ◽  
Cameron S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Clinical Meaning ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Previous research in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has shown a mixed pattern of disrupted thalamocortical connectivity in psychosis. The clinical meaning of these findings and their stability over time remains unclear. We aimed to study thalamocortical connectivity longitudinally over a 1-year period in participants with recent-onset psychosis. Methods To this purpose, 129 individuals with recent-onset psychosis and 87 controls were clinically evaluated and scanned using rs-fMRI. Among them, 43 patients and 40 controls were re-scanned and re-evaluated 12 months later. Functional connectivity between the thalamus and the rest of the brain was calculated using a seed to voxel approach, and then compared between groups and correlated with clinical features cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results At baseline, participants with recent-onset psychosis showed increased connectivity (compared to controls) between the thalamus and somatosensory and temporal regions (k = 653, T = 5.712), as well as decreased connectivity between the thalamus and left cerebellum and right prefrontal cortex (PFC; k = 201, T = −4.700). Longitudinal analyses revealed increased connectivity over time in recent-onset psychosis (relative to controls) in the right middle frontal gyrus. Conclusions Our results support the concept of abnormal thalamic connectivity as a core feature in psychosis. In agreement with a non-degenerative model of illness in which functional changes occur early in development and do not deteriorate over time, no evidence of progressive deterioration of connectivity during early psychosis was observed. Indeed, regionally increased connectivity between thalamus and PFC was observed.

scholarly journals Adaptive Approaches Towards Better GA Performance in Dynamic Fitness Landscapes

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (487) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hautop Lund
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Correlation Measure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Adaptive Approaches ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

We review different techniques for improving GA performance. By analysing the fitness landscape, a correlation measure between parents and offspring can be provided, and we can estimate effectively which genetic operator to use in the GA for a given fitness landscape. The response to selection equation further tells us how well the GA will do, and combining the two approaches gives us a powerful tool to automatically ensure the selection of the right parameter settings for a given problem. In dynamic environments the fitness landscape changes over time, and the evolved systems should be able to adapt to such changes. By introducing evolvable mutation rates and evolvable fitness formulae, we obtain such systems. The systems are shown to be able to adapt to both internal and external constraints and changes.

scholarly journals REMODELING PECULIARITIES OF ATRIAL ARTERY IN CONDITIONS OF POSTRESECTION PORTAL HYPERTENSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
М. S. Hnatjuk ◽  
N. M. Gdanska ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk ◽  
Т. І. Gargula ◽  
О. В. Jasinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

It is known that structural and functional changes in the heart can be caused by various changes in hemodynamics, which include post resection portal hypertension. It should be noted that the structure of the atrial arteries in postresection portal hypertension has not been studied enough. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of atrial artery remodeling in the conditions of post resection portal hypertension. Material and methods. The arteries of the atria of 34 male rats, which were divided into 2 groups, were studied by a complex of morphological methods. The group 1 consisted of 15 experimental intact animals; group 2 included 19 rats with post resection portal hypertension, which was simulated by removal of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental anesthesia one month after the start of the experiment. The outer and inner diameters of the atrial arteries of medium and small calibers, the thickness of the media and adventitial membrane, Wagenworth and Kernogan indices, the height of endothelial cells, the diameters of their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in the studied endothelial cells, and relative volumes of damaged endotheliocytes were measured. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. Results. It was established that in the conditions of post resection portal hypertension the arteries of small caliber of the atria changed more markedly. The outer diameter of these vessels of the left atrium increased by 4.2 %, the right - by 3.3 % (p <0.05), the thickness of the media and the adventitial membrane increased by 12.58 % and 45.7 % and respectively 11.8 % and 33.7 % (p <0.001, their lumen decreased by 13.5 % and 10.7 %, respectively) (p <0.001). The Wagenworth index of small caliber arteries increased markedly, and the Kernogan index decreased. Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in endotheliocytes of small arteries of the left atrium were changed by 7.6 %, and in the right - by 6.1 % (p<0.01), the relative volumes of damaged endotheliocytes respectively increased by 7.6 and 5, 2 times (p <0.001). Damage to a significant number of endothelial cells led to their dysfunction, blockade of NO synthase, decreased NO synthesis, activation of its degradation, which exacerbated spasm, narrowing of vessels and significantly impaired blood supply to the body and complicated by hypoxia.Histologically at post resection portal hypertension, there were pronounced vascular disorders, plethora, dilation of mainly venous vessels, perivasal edema and stroma edema, foci of dystrophic, necrobiotic, apoptotically altered endotheliocytes, stromal structures and cardiomyocytes. There was also swelling of endothelial cells, their dystrophy, necrobiosis, desquamation and proliferation. Conclusion. Post resection portal hypertension leads to severe remodeling of mainly small atrial arteries, which is characterized by thickening of their wall, narrowing of the lumen, changes in the Kernogan and Vaughanworth indices, endothelial cell damage, endothelial dysfunction, decreasing of organ blood supply, hypoxia, trophic disorders, dystrophic and necrobiolic changes of tissues and cells, infiltration, sclerosis.

Long-term spinal cord injury: Functional changes over time

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Gerhart ◽  
Ebba Bergstrom ◽  
Susan W. Charlifue ◽  
Robert R. Menter ◽  
Gale G. Whiteneck
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The face(t)s of biotech in the nineties: how the German press framed modern biotechnology

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kohring ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
German Press ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The following article deals with the different images of modern biotechnology created by the German press in the last decade of the twentieth century. To describe these images we have chosen the theoretical concept of framing, which in general denotes the idea that the media deal with certain issues in different ways and that therefore the coverage offers different perspectives to the reader. We understand a frame as a certain pattern of a text that is composed of several different text elements. We assume that some of these text elements group together systematically in a specific way, thereby forming a certain pattern that can be identified across several texts in a sample. These patterns we call frames. By means of cluster analysis we are able to identify not only predefined but also newly emerging frames and the way framing of an issue changes over time. This methodological approach allows us to give a dynamic overview of how the German press dealt with biotechnology in the early and late nineties.

Defamation Law in Turbulence: Does Israel Need ‘Libel Reform’?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-134
Author(s):  
Tamar Gidron
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Massive Change ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Defamation Law ◽  
Over Time

Among the various bills proposing amendments to Israel's Defamation (Prohibition) Law that were presented to the 18th Knesset, the most controversial one is the bill proposing an increase in the caps on statutory damages (without proof of special or general damage). The current NIS 50,000 cap (NIS 100,000 when the publication was intended to cause injury) will be replaced, if the bill is approved, by a NIS 300,000 cap (NIS 600,000 when the publication was intended to cause injury). This proposed massive change has ignited a heated public debate. The bill, according to its proponents, is targeted principally at the media. Its aim is deterrence and even punishment, accomplished by attaching a higher price tag to libellous publications while focusing on remedies and leaving liability tests (including defences) untouched.I claim that this bill is both unnecessary and detrimental.Based on case law from the eight-year period 2004–11 on damages awarded by Israeli courts in defamation cases – both damages awarded ‘without proof of damage’ (the plaintiff does not need to prove damage caused by the publication) and damages awarded for ‘general damage’ (some general damage needs to be proved) – I conclude that the spectrum of judicial discretion is sufficiently broad to accommodate any level of deterrence seen fit by the courts in any circumstances. The fact that average damages awards do not reach the statutory caps indicates that, for all practical purposes, legislative intrusion in the manner proposed is erroneous. As to the normative standards the bill strives to convey, I maintain that absent reasonable justifications based on identifiable changes in cultural, social or other circumstances over time, the attempt to change the currently accepted balance between the rights of reputation and freedom of speech in Israeli defamation law in terms of damages awards is also erroneous.Even if some modification of the current balance between reputation and free speech, as a result of specified changes in circumstances, do indeed appear to be necessary, the particular content, form and measure of this specific bill – which have yet to be examined and assessed – do not seem to provide the right approach to achieve such modifications.

scholarly journals THE UBER DRIVER IS NOT AN ENTREPRENEUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS CASAGRANDE ◽  
Martín A. M. Zamora ◽  
Carlos F. T. Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Conceptual Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the conceptual relationship between entrepreneurship and the Uber driver since the company is the pinnacle of a new way of organizing work. It is argued here that, contrary to what is used in numerous articles and in the media, the Uber driver is not an “entrepreneur” but a precarious worker with flexible facilities. Originality/value: With the emergence of a new type of employment contract that is referenced in the labor relations of the company Uber, it becomes necessary to discuss the impacts of this new organization of labor. The conceptual discussion about the framework of the Uber driver is still incipient in the field. The research contributes to a better understanding of the discourse that the worker understood as an entrepreneur legitimizes exploitation. Design/methodology/approach: This is a theoretical-analytical article. Historical and theoretical literature was used to weave how the concept of entrepreneurship emerges historically and changes over time. Also, Uberized labor is compared to Taylorism and Toyotism. Findings: It demonstrates how the Uber driver cannot be considered an entrepreneur in any of the historical concepts. It is also demonstrated that the driver is a precarious employee, with flexible time and automated management, incorporating elements of the work organization of both Taylorism and Toyotism.

A comparison of changes over time in cervical foraminal height after tricortical iliac graft or polyetheretherketone cage placement following anterior discectomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suat E. Çelik ◽  
Ayhan Kara ◽  
Sevinç Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Peek Cage ◽  
Cage Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Polyetheretherketone Cage ◽  
Foraminal Height ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Object The authors prospectively evaluated cervical foraminal height changes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. To their knowledge, this prospective study is the first in which foraminal height changes over time are compared following the placement of a tricortical graft or a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage. Methods The patients were randomly divided in two groups. In one group, 30 patients underwent anterior cervical microdiscectomy and free bone graft (FBG) insertion at 46 levels via the Smith–Robinson technique. The FBG was harvested from the right iliac crest. Another 35 patients underwent the same operation, but fusion was provided by the insertion of PEEK intervertebral cages at 41 levels. Fusion status and the C2–7 Cobb angle, interspace height, and foraminal height changes were observed on anterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs obtained at the 18-month follow-up examination. There were no differences between the groups with regard to clinical recovery, fusion status, and Cobb angle. A significant interspace height reduction was observed in the FBG group during the 1st postoperative month. In the FBG group, the mean heights (± standard deviation) of the foramina were 8.2 ± 2.7 mm preoperatively, 10.8 ± 2.6 mm on postoperative Day 2, and 8.1 ± 1.5 mm after 18 months of follow up. In the PEEK cage group, the mean heights were 8.4 ± 2.8 mm preoperatively, 10.3 ± 1.1 mm on postoperative Day 2, and 9.6 ± 1.2 mm after 18 months of follow up. The increase in foraminal height was significantly preserved at the 6th, 12th, and 18th months in the cage group. Conclusions In both groups the foraminal height increased sufficiently and the nerve root was decompressed postoperatively. The PEEK cages may provide sufficient preservation of foraminal height even 1.5 years after the operation.

scholarly journals CultUnity3D: A Virtual Spatial Ecosystem for Digital Engagement with Cultural Heritage Sites

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Estefanía López Salas ◽  
Adrián Xuíz García ◽  
Ángel Gómez ◽  
Carlos Dafonte
Keyword(s):  
Public Outreach ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Digital Engagement ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Virtual Ecosystem ◽  
Over Time

In order to help enhance public outreach and understanding of historical sites, we developed a virtual spatial ecosystem called CultUnity3D. It consists of a set of components specifically implemented within the Unity engine that enable the user to virtually explore spatial changes over time in two different modes, and to learn about the past of a built environment through the integration of and interaction with research sources and narrative. Although we built CultUnity3D for a particular case study, which is the monastic site of San Julián de Samos (Spain), this in-progress virtual ecosystem has been thought out and designed for continued and reusable development.

Ten-Year Trends in Bullying and Related Attitudes Among 4th- to 12th-Graders

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Tracy Evian Waasdorp ◽  
Elise T. Pas ◽  
Benjamin Zablotsky ◽  
Catherine P. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
School Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Media ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bullying is a significant public health concern, and it has received considerable attention from the media and policymakers over the past decade, which has led some to believe that it is increasing. However, there are limited surveillance data on bullying to inform our understanding of such trends over the course of multiple years. The current study examined the prevalence of bullying and related behaviors between 2005 and 2014 and explored whether any such changes varied across schools or as a function of school-level covariates. METHODS Youth self-reports of 13 indicators of bullying and related behaviors were collected from 246 306 students in 109 Maryland schools across 10 years. The data were weighted to reflect the school populations and were analyzed by using longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling to examine changes over time. RESULTS The covariate-adjusted models indicated a significant improvement over bullying and related concerns in 10 out of 13 indicators (including a decrease in bullying and victimization) for in-person forms (ie, physical, verbal, relational) and cyberbullying. Results also showed an increase in the perceptions that adults do enough to stop bullying and students’ feelings of safety and belonging at school. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of bullying and related behaviors generally decreased over this 10-year period with the most recent years showing the greatest improvements in school climate and reductions in bullying. Additional research is needed to identify factors that contributed to this declining trend.

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