New Radiocarbon Dates for Stage Cii Tripolye Culture, Northern Moldova

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Rybicka ◽  
Ghenadie Sîrbu ◽  
Dariusz Król ◽  
Viaceslav Bicbaev
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
Tripolye Culture ◽  
Precise Time

Abstract According to Tamara Movscha, vessels from the Funnel Beaker culture settlement in Zhvanets can be synchronized with the period of existence of the settlements in Zimno, Leżnica and Gródek. Based on the currently available radiocarbon dates, we can say that the long-term settlements in Gródek and Zimno existed from around 3650 BC. The older phase of the settlement in Gródek is dated to 3650-3400 BC, while the younger ones to 3400-3100 BC. The first is characterized by the presence of imports of tableware with the characteristics of the Brînzeni group dated to 3400-3100 BC. In order to verify the current attempts to position the above at a more precise time, several radiocarbon analyses of the samples from the sites of Brînzeni and Gordinești group in northern Moldova were conducted.

scholarly journals Paleoclimatic Implications of Radiocarbon Dating Of Speleothems from the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, Southern Poland

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Mieczysław F. Pazdur ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Andrzej Górny ◽  
Michał Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
Paleoclimatic Records ◽  
Age Range

We report preliminary results of a long-term systematic study intended to gather paleoclimatic records from precisely dated speleothems. The research project is limited to speleothems deposited in caves of the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, the largest and best-explored karst region in Poland, covering ca. 2900 km2 with >1000 caves. Speleothem samples were selected from collections of the Geological Museum of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow. Radiocarbon dates of these samples from ca. 45–20 ka bp almost exactly coincide with age range of the Interplenivistulian. A break in speleothem formation between ca. 20 and 10 ka bp may be interpreted as a result of serious climatic deterioration associated with the maximum extent of the last glaciation. We observed differences among 14C, U/Th and AAR dating results. Changes of δ13C and δ18O in speleothems that grew between ca. 30 and 20 ka bp may be interpreted as changes of paleoclimatic conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluating Bayesian radiocarbon-dated event-count [REC] models for the study of long-term human and environmental processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Christopher Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
New Class ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Marine Ingression ◽  
Event Times

Chronological uncertainty complicates attempts to use radiocarbon dates as proxies for processes like human population growth/decline, forest fires, and marine ingression. Established approaches involve turning databases of radiocarbon-date densities into single summary proxies that cannot fully account for chronological uncertainty. Here, I use simulated data to explore an alternate Bayesian approach that instead models the data as what they are, namely radiocarbon-dated event-counts. The approach involves assessing possible event-count sequences by sampling radiocarbon date densities and then applying MCMC to estimate the parameters of an appropriate count-based regression model. The regressions based on individual sampled sequences were placed in a multilevel framework, which allowed for the estimation of hyperparameters that account for chronological uncertainty in individual event times. Two processes were used to produce simulated data. One represented a simple monotonic change in event-counts and the other was based on a real palaeoclimate proxy record. In both cases, the method produced estimates that had the correct sign and were consistently biased toward zero. These results indicate that the approach is widely applicable and could form the basis of a new class of quantitative models for use in exploring long-term human and environmental processes.

scholarly journals Ecology of the collapse of Rapa Nui society

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20200662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lima ◽  
E. M. Gayo ◽  
C. Latorre ◽  
C. M. Santoro ◽  
S. A. Estay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rapa Nui ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Past Population

Collapses of food producer societies are recurrent events in prehistory and have triggered a growing concern for identifying the underlying causes of convergences/divergences across cultures around the world. One of the most studied and used as a paradigmatic case is the population collapse of the Rapa Nui society. Here, we test different hypotheses about it by developing explicit population dynamic models that integrate feedbacks between climatic, demographic and ecological factors that underpinned the socio-cultural trajectory of these people. We evaluate our model outputs against a reconstruction of past population size based on archaeological radiocarbon dates from the island. The resulting estimated demographic declines of the Rapa Nui people are linked to the long-term effects of climate change on the island's carrying capacity and, in turn, on the ‘per-capita food supply’.

A 1000-year record of Adélie penguin diets in the southern Ross Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL POLITO ◽  
STEVEN D. EMSLIE ◽  
WILLIAM WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Adélie Penguin ◽  
Pleuragramma Antarcticum ◽  
Adelie Penguin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Antarctic Silverfish ◽  
The Antarctic

Non-krill prey remains were recovered from ornithogenic sediments at three active Adélie penguin colonies on Ross Island, to assess long-term dietary trends in this species. Radiocarbon dates place the age of these deposits from a maximum of 947 years ago to the present. We identified 12 taxa of fish and two of squid with the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) as the most abundant prey species represented at all sites. In addition, silverfish have decreased in importance in Adélie penguin diet over the past 600 years, perhaps in response to climate change since the onset of the Little Ice Age, though it remains much more abundant in current penguin diet in the Ross Sea than in the Antarctic Peninsula. Other prey taxa reflect the diversity of prey selection by Adélie penguins in Antarctica.

scholarly journals Monumentality in Western Amazonian formative societies: geometric ditched enclosures in the Brazilian state of Acre

Antiqua ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Saunaluoma ◽  
Denise Schaan
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Amazonian Region ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

In Amazonia, monumentality has traditionally been considered characteristic of the late pre-colonial densely populated complex societies. Recent archaeological fieldwork concerning the geometric earthworks in the Brazilian state of Acre has shown that the southwestern Amazonian interfluvial zone was a significant setting for long-term large landscape modifications. We describe the geometric ditched enclosure sites of Acre as early monumental public spaces reserved for ceremonial purposes, analogous to the central Andean ceremonial-civic centers of the Formative period. The geometric earthwork sites contain contiguous ditches and embankment structures of varying forms enclosing areas typically 3-10 hectares in size. Documented cultural features are sparse within the enclosed areas. Making use of satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and pedestrian surveys, 360 earthwork enclosures have been recorded in southwestern Amazonia. Our radiocarbon dates suggest that construction and use of geometric earthworks began at the latest around 1000 BC, and prevailed in the region until 1400 AD. The relatively small number of ceramics recovered from the geometric ditched enclosure sites appear to be local substyles of the same tradition, sharing certain attributes with contemporary ceramic traditions of the upper Amazonian region. This, and consistency in ceremonial earthwork architecture, indicate close cultural interaction between communities that built and used the earthwork sites, and imply probable relationships also with the central Andean area.

scholarly journals Estimation of Gas Purity in a CO2-Filled Proportional Counter by Rise-Time Analysis

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Anna Pazdur
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Background Reduction ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Measurement Series ◽  
Average Rise

Since 1994, a new data-acquisition system with rise-time (RT) based background reduction has been in operation at the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory. During long-term stability tests, we observed large shifts in the RT spectra obtained during various measurement series. These shifts caused important changes in the count rate measured with RT reduction. As a result, we have ascertained that the shifts are the consequence of variable concentration of electronegative impurities. A correction method was considered, using average RT of pulses obtained in coincidence with the muon events, so-called ARTL (average rise time of L pulses), for estimation of the RT of the spectrum's shift. However, radiocarbon dates calculated based on count rates with RT discrimination, which were corrected using this method, are not more precise than traditional 14C dates. Nevertheless, the value of the average coincidence pulse RT is a good indication of sample gas purity.

Archaeology, genetics and a population bottleneck in prehistoric Finland

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (342) ◽  
pp. 1132-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarja Sundell ◽  
Juhana Kammonen ◽  
Petri Halinen ◽  
Petro Pesonen ◽  
Päivi Onkamo
Keyword(s):  
Population Bottleneck ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Artefact

The long-term history of prehistoric populations is a challenging but important subject that can now be addressed through combined use of archaeological and genetic evidence. In this study a multidisciplinary team uses these approaches to document the existence of a major population bottleneck in Finland during the Late Neolithic period, the effects of which are still detectable in the genetic profile of the Finnish population today. The postglacial recolonisation of Finland was tracked through space and time using radiocarbon dates and stone artefact distributions to provide a robust framework of evidence against which the genetic simulations could be compared.

The Vacant Quarter Revisited: Late Mississippian Abandonment of the Lower Ohio Valley

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Cobb ◽  
Brian M. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Mississippian Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Event ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon

The idea that a substantial portion of the North American midcontinent centered on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers confluence was largely depopulated around A.D. 1450–1550—Stephen Williams's “Vacant Quarter” hypothesis—has been generally accepted by archaeologists. There has been, however, some disagreement over the timing and extent of the abandonment. Our long-term research along the Ohio River in southern Illinois's interior hill country has yielded a substantial corpus of late Mississippian period radiocarbon dates, indicating that depopulation of the lower Ohio Valley occurred at the early end of Williams's estimate. Furthermore, the abandonment was a widespread phenomenon that involved Mississippian groups living in remote settings, as well as along major drainages. Although causes for the Vacant Quarter are still debated, evidence from other regions indicates that regional abandonment by agricultural groups was not a unique event in the Eastern Woodlands.

The Great Kod of Pulu: Mutual Historical Emergence of Ceremonial Sites and Social Groups in Torres Strait, Northeast Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. McNiven ◽  
Bruno David ◽  
Goemulgau Kod ◽  
Judith Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Torres Strait

Communal ceremonial sites and social groups often share mutually reinforcing and structuring properties. As a result of this dynamic relationship, ceremonial sites and social groups exhibit ever-emergent properties as long-term works-in-progress. Ceremonial kod sites featuring shrines of trumpet shells and dugong bones were central to the communal ritual life of Torres Strait Islanders. Continuously formed over the generations by ritual additions, these shrines were linked to ongoing maintenance, legitimization and cohesion of totemic clans and moieties that formed the structural basis of island communities. As such, understanding the history of kod sites provides an opportunity to investigate the historical emergence of ethnographically-known social groups in Torres Strait. This mutual emergence is investigated archaeologically at the kod on Pulu islet which is owned and operated by the Goemulgal people of nearby Mabuyag island. Multiple radiocarbon dates from shell and bone shrines and an underlying village midden indicate that the kod, and by association the Goemulgal and their totemic clan and moiety system, emerged over the past 400 years. Aided by local oral history and ethnography, it is argued further that establishment of the kod saw the status of Pulu change from a residential to a ceremonial and sacred place.

scholarly journals TIMING THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARABLE FARMING IN SOUTHEASTERN NORWAY BY USING SUMMED PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOCARBON DATES AND A BAYESIAN AGE MODEL

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Steinar Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Age Model

ABSTRACT The paper explores the emergence and development of arable farming in southeastern Norway by compiling and analyzing directly dated cereals from archaeological contexts. By using summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling, the paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of the directly dated evidence for farming in the region. The models provide a more precise temporal resolution to the development than hitherto presented. The results demonstrate that the introduction of arable farming to southeastern Norway was a long-term development including several steps. Three different stages are pointed out as important in the process of establishing arable farming: the Early and Middle Neolithic, the Late Neolithic, and the Early Iron Age.

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