Solar and Green Building Guidelines for Hot Arid Climate in India

Abstract There are, presently, two schools of thought when it comes to designing buildings that promote sustainable development. One school emphasizes materials use and ‘‘green’’ buildings, while the other emphasizes energy use and energy efficient buildings. The promoters of ‘‘green’’ buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy and solar buildings is counteracted by the increased embodied energy in these buildings. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to of lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate. The results also show that there should be little difference between the approaches of the two schools of thought. The best buildings will generally be those that are both low energy, and ‘‘green’’. This paper also gives policy guidelines to integrate them in the building bye-laws for hot arid climate

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Low Energy Residential Building Design for Hot Arid Climate: A Green Approach

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.114 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 689 ◽

pp. 114-118

Author(s):

Tejwant Singh Brar ◽

M. Arif Kamal

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Building Design ◽

High Energy ◽

Low Energy ◽

Arid Climate ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Western India ◽

Hot Arid Climate

Large part of North–Western India has Hot Arid climate which is characterised by hot summers, humid monsoon, and extremely cold winters, and also there is a difference in daily maximum and mean temperatures of as much as 15 to 20°C and this results in high energy demand to achieve comfort conditions. Green buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate.

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DEVELOPING STANDARD WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO (WFR) SYSTEM FOR GREEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SUBTROPICS

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/jgb.16.3.109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 109-134

Author(s):

Suwen Jiang ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap ◽

Heng Li ◽

Lincoln C. Wood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Green Building ◽

Building Energy ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Window System ◽

High Solar Radiation

ABSTRACT The window system is generally regarded as the most vulnerable building system for the indoor energy performance of green buildings. Window systems are given significant attention by architects and engineers, especially in areas with long summer and high solar radiation such as the subtropics. This study aims to develop a standard window-to-floor ratio (WFR) system for green residential buildings in the subtropics. Using Autodesk Revit as the interface, a real high-rise residential building was digitalized and imported into Ecotect for energy consumption analysis. Comparative analyses were conducted to determine the optimal WFR for building energy efficiency. Results demonstrated 0.23 as the optimal WFR in Xiamen, one of the typical subtropical cities in Asia. Furthermore, accompanied by a four-sidefins sunshade device and a double glass window (DGW) with clear “glass+air gap+reflective” glass, the building energy consumption was further reduced by 34.47% compared to the initial model, which successfully met the optimization target of 30%, set according to the green building standard. The results of this study are helpful to architects and building engineers when designing or retrofitting green buildings as we provide specific support for design features for energy performance.

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Carbon Footprint Reduction through Residential Building Stock Retrofit: A Metro Melbourne Suburb Case Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6550

Author(s):

Seongwon Seo ◽

Greg Foliente

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

Energy Use ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Residential Building ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Building Sector ◽

Building Stock

Since existing residential buildings are a significant global contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, any serious effort to reduce the actual energy and carbon emissions of the building sector should explicitly address the carbon mitigation challenges and opportunities in the building stock. This research investigates environmentally and economically sustainable retrofit methods to reduce the carbon footprint of existing residential buildings in the City of Greater Dandenong as a case study in Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. By categorizing energy use into various building age brackets and dwelling types that align with changes in energy regulations, we identified various retrofit prototypes to achieve a targeted 6.5-star and 8-star energy efficiency rating (out of a maximum 10-star rating system). The corresponding operational energy savings through different retrofit options are examined while also considering the quantity of materials required for each option, along with their embodied energy and GHG emissions, thus allowing a more comprehensive lifecycle carbon analysis and exploration of their financial and environmental payback times. Results show that when buildings are upgraded with a combination of insulation and double-glazed windows, the environmental benefits rise faster than the financial benefits over a dwelling’s lifecycle. The size or percentage of a particular dwelling type within the building stock and the remaining lifecycle period are found to be the most important factors influencing the payback periods. Retrofitting the older single detached dwellings shows the greatest potential for lifecycle energy and carbon savings in the case suburb. These findings provide households, industry and governments some guidance on how to contribute most effectively to reduce the carbon footprint of the residential building sector.

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Optimal Control Strategies for Switchable Transparent Insulation Systems Applied to Smart Windows for US Residential Buildings

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14102917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2917

Author(s):

Mohammad Dabbagh ◽

Moncef Krarti

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Optimal Controls ◽

Peak Demand ◽

Smart Windows ◽

Insulation Systems ◽

Rule Set

This paper evaluates the potential energy use and peak demand savings associated with optimal controls of switchable transparent insulation systems (STIS) applied to smart windows for US residential buildings. The optimal controls are developed based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to identify the automatic settings of the dynamic shades. First, switchable insulation systems and their operation mechanisms are briefly described when combined with smart windows. Then, the GA-based optimization approach is outlined to operate switchable insulation systems applied to windows for a prototypical US residential building. The optimized controls are implemented to reduce heating and cooling energy end-uses for a house located four US locations, during three representative days of swing, summer, and winter seasons. The performance of optimal controller is compared to that obtained using simplified rule-based control sets to operate the dynamic insulation systems. The analysis results indicate that optimized controls of STISs can save up to 81.8% in daily thermal loads compared to the simplified rule-set especially when dwellings are located in hot climates such as that of Phoenix, AZ. Moreover, optimally controlled STISs can reduce electrical peak demand by up to 49.8% compared to the simplified rule-set, indicating significant energy efficiency and demand response potentials of the SIS technology when applied to US residential buildings.

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Towards Sustainable Energy Retrofitting, a Simulation for Potential Energy Use Reduction in Residential Buildings in Palestine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3876

Author(s):

Sameh Monna ◽

Adel Juaidi ◽

Ramez Abdallah ◽

Aiman Albatayneh ◽

Patrick Dutournie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Water Heating ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Space Cooling ◽

Cooling Loads

Since buildings are one of the major contributors to global warming, efforts should be intensified to make them more energy-efficient, particularly existing buildings. This research intends to analyze the energy savings from a suggested retrofitting program using energy simulation for typical existing residential buildings. For the assessment of the energy retrofitting program using computer simulation, the most commonly utilized residential building types were selected. The energy consumption of those selected residential buildings was assessed, and a baseline for evaluating energy retrofitting was established. Three levels of retrofitting programs were implemented. These levels were ordered by cost, with the first level being the least costly and the third level is the most expensive. The simulation models were created for two different types of buildings in three different climatic zones in Palestine. The findings suggest that water heating, space heating, space cooling, and electric lighting are the highest energy consumers in ordinary houses. Level one measures resulted in a 19–24 percent decrease in energy consumption due to reduced heating and cooling loads. The use of a combination of levels one and two resulted in a decrease of energy consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting by 50–57%. The use of the three levels resulted in a decrease of 71–80% in total energy usage for heating, cooling, lighting, water heating, and air conditioning.

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Humidity-Sensitive Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multi-Unit Residential Building – Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

10.20944/preprints202011.0406.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Sowa ◽

Maciej Mijakowski

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Ventilation System ◽

Residential Building ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Controlled Ventilation ◽

Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽

Continental Climate

A humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation system is known for many years. It has been developed and commonly applied in regions with an oceanic climate. Some attempts were made to introduce this solution in Poland in a much severe continental climate. The article evaluates this system's performance and energy consumption applied in an 8-floor multi-unit residential building, virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency NAPE, Poland. The simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole hating season for Warsaw's climate. Besides passive stack ventilation that worked as a reference, two versions of humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation were checked. The difference between them lies in applying the additional roof fans that convert the system to hybrid. The study confirmed that the application of demand-controlled ventilation in multi-unit residential buildings in a continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) leads to significant energy savings. However, the efforts to ensure acceptable indoor air quality require hybrid ventilation, which reduces the energy benefits. It is especially visible when primary energy use is analyzed.

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LOW ENERGY ALTERNATIVES FOR SITE PLANNING THROUGH THE USE OF TREES IN A HOT ARID CLIMATE

Passive and Low Energy Architecture ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-030581-3.50065-7 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 499-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jala M. Makzoumi

Keyword(s):

Low Energy ◽

Arid Climate ◽

Hot Arid Climate ◽

Site Planning

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Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption between Green Building Certified and Non-Certified Buildings in Korea

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13051049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sangtae No ◽

Chungyeon Won

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Green Building ◽

Seed Certification ◽

Portal Site ◽

Energy Evaluation ◽

Public Data ◽

The Usa ◽

Energy Use Intensity

Although interest in and the importance of green building certification have increased, it is difficult to determine how much less energy the buildings actually consume after obtaining sustainability related certification, such as LEED in the USA, and G-SEED in Korea. Focusing on building energy evaluation, we compared and analyzed the energy evaluation items of LEED and G-SEED. In addition, from the Korean public data portal site, this study investigated the annual site energy consumption (electricity and gas) per floor area of non-residential buildings that obtained G-SEED certification in Korea. The energy consumption of non-certified general buildings was compared with the energy consumption of certified buildings. As a result of examining 84 samples of this study, non-residential buildings with G-SEED certification showed energy use intensity that was at least (35.5 to 48.9)% lower than that of uncertified buildings.

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Dynamic thermal response of low-energy residential buildings based on in-wall measurements

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911104002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 04002 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyriaki Foteinaki ◽

Rongling Li ◽

Alfred Heller ◽

Morten Herget Christensen ◽

Carsten Rode

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Energy Use ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Low Energy ◽

Space Heating ◽

Internal Wall ◽

Load Bearing ◽

Concrete Elements

This study analysed the dynamic thermal response of a low-energy building using measurement data from an apartment block in Copenhagen, Denmark. Measurements were collected during February and July 2018 on space heating energy use, set-points, room air temperature and temperature from sensors integrated inside concrete elements, i.e. internal walls and ceiling, at different heights and depths. The heating system was controlled by the occupants. During February, there were unusually high set-points for some days and a regular heating pattern for some other days. Overheating was observed during July. A considerable effect of solar gain was observed both during winter and summer months. The room air temperature fluctuations were observed at a certain extent inside the concrete elements; higher in the non-load-bearing internal wall, followed by the load-bearing internal wall and lastly by the ceiling. The phenomenon of delayed thermal response of the concrete elements was observed. All internal concrete masses examined may be regarded as active elements and can contribute to the physically available heat storage potential of the building. The study provides deep insight into the thermal response of concrete elements in low-energy residential buildings, which should be considered when planning a flexible space heating energy use.

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