scholarly journals Dynamic thermal response of low-energy residential buildings based on in-wall measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Foteinaki ◽  
Rongling Li ◽  
Alfred Heller ◽  
Morten Herget Christensen ◽  
Carsten Rode
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Concrete Elements

This study analysed the dynamic thermal response of a low-energy building using measurement data from an apartment block in Copenhagen, Denmark. Measurements were collected during February and July 2018 on space heating energy use, set-points, room air temperature and temperature from sensors integrated inside concrete elements, i.e. internal walls and ceiling, at different heights and depths. The heating system was controlled by the occupants. During February, there were unusually high set-points for some days and a regular heating pattern for some other days. Overheating was observed during July. A considerable effect of solar gain was observed both during winter and summer months. The room air temperature fluctuations were observed at a certain extent inside the concrete elements; higher in the non-load-bearing internal wall, followed by the load-bearing internal wall and lastly by the ceiling. The phenomenon of delayed thermal response of the concrete elements was observed. All internal concrete masses examined may be regarded as active elements and can contribute to the physically available heat storage potential of the building. The study provides deep insight into the thermal response of concrete elements in low-energy residential buildings, which should be considered when planning a flexible space heating energy use.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urban-Scale Building Energy-Use Models and Tools—Application for the City of Fribourg, Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Roberto Boghetti ◽  
Jérôme H. Kämpf ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Building energy-use models and tools can simulate and represent the distribution of energy consumption of buildings located in an urban area. The aim of these models is to simulate the energy performance of buildings at multiple temporal and spatial scales, taking into account both the building shape and the surrounding urban context. This paper investigates existing models by simulating the hourly space heating consumption of residential buildings in an urban environment. Existing bottom-up urban-energy models were applied to the city of Fribourg in order to evaluate the accuracy and flexibility of energy simulations. Two common energy-use models—a machine learning model and a GIS-based engineering model—were compared and evaluated against anonymized monitoring data. The study shows that the simulations were quite precise with an annual mean absolute percentage error of 12.8 and 19.3% for the machine learning and the GIS-based engineering model, respectively, on residential buildings built in different periods of construction. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method was carried out on the GIS-based engineering model in order to assess the impact of input variables on space heating consumption and to identify possible optimization opportunities of the existing model.

scholarly journals Importance of Behavioral Adjustments for Adaptive Thermal Comfort in a Condominium with HEMS System

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Rajan KC ◽  
Hom Bahadur Rijal ◽  
Masanori Shukuya ◽  
Kazui Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort

The energy use in residential dwellings has been increasing due to increasing use of modern electric appliances to make the lifestyle easier, entertaining and better. One of the major purposes of indoor energy use is for improving indoor thermal environment for adjusting thermal comfort. Along with the use of passive means like the use of mechanical devices, the occupants in any dwellings use active means such as the use of natural ventilation, window opening, and clothing adjustment. In fact, the use of active means when the outdoor environment is good enough might be more suitable to improve indoor thermal environment than the use of mechanical air conditioning units, which necessarily require electricity. Therefore, the people in developing countries like Nepal need to understand to what extent the occupants can use active means to manage their own indoor thermal comfort. The use of active means during good outdoor environment might be an effective way to manage increasing energy demand in the future. We have made a field survey on the occupants’ adaptive behaviors for thermal comfort in a Japanese condominium equipped with Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Online questionnaire survey was conducted in a condominium with 356 families from November 2015 to October 2016 to understand the occupants’ behaviors. The number of 17036 votes from 39 families was collected. The indoor air temperature, relative humidity and illuminance were measured at the interval of 2-10 minutes to know indoor thermal environmental conditions. The occupants were found using different active behaviors for thermal comfort adjustments even in rather harsh summer and winter. Around 80% of the occupants surveyed opened windows when the outdoor air temperature was 30⁰C in free running (FR) mode and the clothing insulation was 0.93 clo when the outdoor air temperature was 0⁰C. The result showed that the use of mechanical heating and cooling was not necessarily the first priority to improve indoor thermal environment. Our result along with other results in residential buildings showed that the adaptive behaviors of the occupants are one of the primary ways to adjust indoor thermal comfort. This fact is important in enhancing the energy saving building design.

Measured air tightness performance of residential buildings in North China and its influence on district space heating energy use

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqin Chen ◽  
Mark D. Levine ◽  
Haiying Li ◽  
P. Yowargana ◽  
Linna Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
North China ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Air Tightness

scholarly journals A method for estimating scheduled and manual override heating behaviour and settings from measurements in low energy UK homes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adorkor Bruce-Konuah ◽  
Rory V. Jones ◽  
Alba Fuertes
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Heating Duration

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for estimating scheduled and manual override heating events and heating settings from indoor air temperature and gas use measurements in UK homes.Design/methodology/approachLiving room air temperature and gas use data were measured in ten UK homes built to low energy standards. The temperature measurements are used to establish whether the central heating system is turned on or off and to estimate the heating setpoint used. The estimated heating periods are verified using the homes' average daily gas consumption profiles.FindingsUsing this method, the average number of heating periods per day was 2.2 (SD = 0.8) on weekdays and 2.7 (SD = 0.5) on weekends. The weekday mean heating duration was 8.8 h and for weekends, it was 9.8 h. Manual overrides of the settings occurred in all the dwellings and added an average of 2.4 h and 1.5 h to the heating duration on weekdays and weekends respectively. The mean estimated setpoint temperatures were 21.2 and 21.4°C on weekdays and weekends respectively.Research limitations/implicationsManual overrides of heating behaviours have only previously been assessed by questionnaire survey. This paper demonstrates an alternative method to identifying these manual override events and responds to a key gap in the current body of research that little is currently reported on the frequency and duration of manual heating overrides in UK homes.Practical implicationsThe results could be used to better inform the assumptions of space heating behaviour used in energy models in order to more accurately predict the space heating energy demands of dwellings.Originality/valueManual overrides of heating behaviours have only previously been assessed by questionnaire survey. This paper demonstrates an alternative method to identifying these manual override events and responds to a key gap in the current body of research that little is currently reported on the frequency and duration of manual heating overrides in UK homes.

scholarly journals Numerical assessment of self-sufficiency of residential buildings in Belgium by using heat pumps, photovoltaic panels and energy storages

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012115
Author(s):  
Katarina Simic ◽  
Klaas Thiers ◽  
Hugo Montyne ◽  
Jan Desmet ◽  
Michel De Paepe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Self ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Abstract Residential buildings claim a significant share of the total energy use worldwide. In order to have more realistic energy performance predictions, increased attention is paid to the analysis of the building’s energy use through comprehensive, transient detailed numerical simulations. In this article, the self-consumption and self-sufficiency values of three detached residential buildings are assessed through numerical models made in the programming language Modelica and software tool Dymola. The three buildings have the same structure and different space heating energy demands of 15 kWh/m2year, 30 kWh/m2year and 45 kWh/m2year. The energy use of the buildings coincides with the occupancy profile where domestic hot water use dominates over the space heating demand provided by an air to water heat pump. The discrepancy between renewable energy production and energy consumption is mitigated by means of thermal load shifting and electrical energy storage. In this research, the self-consumption and self-sufficiency of the studied buildings have been analysed as a function of the economically favourable energy storage sizing. For the use of an electrical battery with the installed capacity of 2.5 kWh and thermal energy storage of 250 l, the self-sufficiency results to be 40%, 38.5% and 37% for the three buildings respectively at the specific simulated energy demand conditions.

Comparison of U.S. and Swiss Homes and Lifestyles

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Hutzel ◽  
Daphene C. Koch ◽  
Jason M. Kutch ◽  
Rudolf Furter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
High Level

This case study compared U.S. and Swiss homes with the goal of identifying construction practices that are most beneficial in terms of energy efficiency and life cycle costs. The research was a collaboration between the Departments of Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) and Building Construction Management (BCM) at Purdue University and The Lucerne University of Applied Arts and Sciences (HTA Lucerne) in Switzerland. The first phase of this project compared U.S. and Swiss approaches to low energy residential buildings. Construction costs and annual energy consumption were estimated using homes with a similar size and layout, but with specific changes to one or more features that affect overall energy use. The results show that a Swiss-style low-energy home is not cost-effective for Indiana in the short term, but could become attractive after a relatively long (40+ year) period of home ownership. Recognizing that technology by itself will not minimize energy consumption, a second part of the project explored cultural norms that influence energy use. A survey of U.S. and Swiss college students was used to compare lifestyles and energy habits. It was found with a high level of confidence that Swiss students are more energy conscious than their U.S. counterparts.

Low Energy Residential Building Design for Hot Arid Climate: A Green Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Tejwant Singh Brar ◽  
M. Arif Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Western India ◽  
Hot Arid Climate

Large part of North–Western India has Hot Arid climate which is characterised by hot summers, humid monsoon, and extremely cold winters, and also there is a difference in daily maximum and mean temperatures of as much as 15 to 20°C and this results in high energy demand to achieve comfort conditions. Green buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate.

scholarly journals Solar and Green Building Guidelines for Hot Arid Climate in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Tejwant Singh Brar ◽  
Navneet Munoth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Hot Arid Climate

Abstract There are, presently, two schools of thought when it comes to designing buildings that promote sustainable development. One school emphasizes materials use and ‘‘green’’ buildings, while the other emphasizes energy use and energy efficient buildings. The promoters of ‘‘green’’ buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy and solar buildings is counteracted by the increased embodied energy in these buildings. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to of lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate. The results also show that there should be little difference between the approaches of the two schools of thought. The best buildings will generally be those that are both low energy, and ‘‘green’’. This paper also gives policy guidelines to integrate them in the building bye-laws for hot arid climate

scholarly journals Gender and Energy for Space Heating and Cooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Prerana Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

Energy is one of the crucial aspects now-a-days to be considered from the household chores to the educational, transportation, industrial and many other sectors. Apart from cooking, space heating and cooling also have greater impact as buildings consume about 40% of world’s energy use and major part of energy is used for space heating and cooling [1]. Gender is another aspect that should be taken in to consideration in the energy sector. Discrimination between men and women, either it may be in the knowledge regarding energy sector, profession, application and practices etc. is seen in our society. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the impacts of space heating and cooling in the energy consumption pattern of Residential buildings. This paper explores how the gender issues in the energy sector can be addressed and how can it lead towards the sustainable development of the society and then nation. At the same time, paper highlights the changes and improvements in the energy consumption pattern with the enrollment of women in the energy sector. The conclusions are derived from the several literature studies and explorative data analysis with the concern of gender relation with the energy efficiency in the space heating and cooling of residential buildings.

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