scholarly journals Conceptual Frameworks and Theoretical Models for the Psychological Selection of Future Officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Adrian Prisăcaru
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Assessment Activity ◽  
The Military ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present the approaches to the elaboration of psychological profiles of military forces and specialties and the choice of the theoretical model that underlies the elaboration/selection of psychological assessment tools. The theoretical models underpinning the psychological assessment activity have been extensively studied and conclusive scientific data and evidence have been obtained in empirical studies conducted over several years. For example, the multiple intelligences model, which accepts that people have different and distinct cognitive strengths and styles, highlights and takes into account the most representative psychological characteristics of the person being assessed in order to propose the most optimal match with the requirements of the military branch/specialty in which he/she can develop.

ELASTICITY MEASUREMENTS BY SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY: COMPARISON AND SELECTION OF SHEAR WAVE, RAYLEIGH WAVE AND LAMB WAVE THEORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750119
Author(s):  
HAO XU ◽  
JIAN-QIANG MO ◽  
SHIGAO CHEN ◽  
KAI-NAN AN ◽  
ZONG-PING LUO
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Rayleigh Wave ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Selection Of

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a powerful method for the diagnosis of tissue disorders or degeneration based on tissue elasticity. In SWE application, it was recognized that the wave speed depends not only on the tissue elasticity but also on the structural shape, leading to different theoretical models. For liver, skin and myocardium, the appropriate theoretical model is known to be shear wave, Rayleigh wave and Lamb wave theory, respectively. Therefore, appropriate theoretical model should be adopted for the proper application of SWE. In this study, we verify these theoretical models in gelatin samples of different thicknesses, using experimental and numerical SWE tests. The results indicate that the wave speed was influenced by the ratio of the wavelength and sample thickness and the measurement region. Based on these results, the selection of theoretical model could be divided into three cases, and the appropriate theoretical model can be selected accordingly.

Psychological Assessment Tools: A Handbook

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 879-880
Author(s):  
Darwin Dorr
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools

Assessing Medical Evidence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stegenga
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Methods

Medical scientists employ ‘quality assessment tools’ to assess evidence from medical research, especially from randomized trials. These tools are designed to take into account methodological details of studies, including randomization, subject allocation concealment, and other features of studies deemed relevant to minimizing bias. There are dozens of such tools available. They differ widely from each other, and empirical studies show that they have low inter-rater reliability and low inter-tool reliability. This is an instance of a more general problem called here the underdetermination of evidential significance. Disagreements about the quality of evidence can be due to different—but in principle equally good—weightings of the methodological features that constitute quality assessment tools. Thus, the malleability of empirical research in medicine is deep: in addition to the malleability of first-order empirical methods, such as randomized trials, there is malleability in the tools used to evaluate first-order methods.

Emerging Syndromes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Allison ◽  
Jennifer D. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Impairment In Functioning ◽  
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Comorbid Psychopathology

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition, of the American Psychiatric Association (2013) has designated several disorders under the diagnosis of otherwise specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). This chapter evaluates three of these, night eating syndrome (NES), purging disorder (PD), and atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). It also reviews orthorexia nervosa, which has been discussed in the clinical realm as well as the popular press. The history and definition for each is reviewed, relevant theoretical models are presented and compared, and evidence for the usefulness of the models is described. Empirical studies examining the disorders’ independence from other disorders, comorbid psychopathology, and, when available, medical comorbidities, are discussed. Distress and impairment in functioning seem comparable between at least three of these emerging disorders and threshold eating disorders. Finally, remaining questions for future research are summarized.

Magnetoencephalography and the Cortical Dynamics of Language Processing

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-153
Author(s):  
Riitta Salmelin ◽  
Jan Kujala ◽  
Mia Liljeström
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of

When seeking to uncover the brain correlates of language processing, timing and location are of the essence. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) offers them both, with the highest sensitivity to cortical activity. MEG has shown its worth in revealing cortical dynamics of reading, speech perception, and speech production in adults and children, in unimpaired language processing as well as developmental and acquired language disorders. The MEG signals, once recorded, provide an extensive selection of measures for examination of neural processing. Like all other neuroimaging tools, MEG has its own strengths and limitations of which the user should be aware in order to make the best possible use of this powerful method and to generate meaningful and reliable scientific data. This chapter reviews MEG methodology and how MEG has been used to study the cortical dynamics of language.

scholarly journals An AI-Based System for Formative and Summative Assessment in Data Science Courses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Vittorini ◽  
Stefano Menini ◽  
Sara Tonelli
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
Summative Assessments ◽  
Assessment Activity ◽  
Automated Grading ◽  
Automated Feedback

AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) provide hundreds of students with teaching materials, assessment tools, and collaborative instruments. The assessment activity, in particular, is demanding in terms of both time and effort; thus, the use of artificial intelligence can be useful to address and reduce the time and effort required. This paper reports on a system and related experiments finalised to improve both the performance and quality of formative and summative assessments in specific data science courses. The system is developed to automatically grade assignments composed of R commands commented with short sentences written in natural language. In our opinion, the use of the system can (i) shorten the correction times and reduce the possibility of errors and (ii) support the students while solving the exercises assigned during the course through automated feedback. To investigate these aims, an ad-hoc experiment was conducted in three courses containing the specific topic of statistical analysis of health data. Our evaluation demonstrated that automated grading has an acceptable correlation with human grading. Furthermore, the students who used the tool did not report usability issues, and those that used it for more than half of the exercises obtained (on average) higher grades in the exam. Finally, the use of the system reduced the correction time and assisted the professor in identifying correction errors.

scholarly journals Confusions about ‘Inner’ and ‘Outer’ Voices: Conceptual Problems in the Study of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Knappik ◽  
Josef J. Bless ◽  
Frank Larøi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
The Mind

AbstractBoth in research on Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs) and in their clinical assessment, it is common to distinguish between voices that are experienced as ‘inner’ (or ‘internal’, ‘inside the head’, ‘inside the mind’, ...) and voices that are experienced as ‘outer’ (‘external’, ‘outside the head’, ‘outside the mind’, ...). This inner/outer-contrast is treated not only as an important phenomenological variable of AVHs, it is also often seen as having diagnostic value. In this article, we argue that the distinction between ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ voices is ambiguous between different readings, and that lack of disambiguation in this regard has led to flaws in assessment tools, diagnostic debates and empirical studies. Such flaws, we argue furthermore, are often linked to misreadings of inner/outer-terminology in relevant 19th and early twentieth century work on AVHs, in particular, in connection with Kandinsky’s and Jaspers’s distinction between hallucinations and pseudo-hallucinations.

Comparative study of four greenness assessment tools for selection of greenest analytical method for assay of hyoscine N-butyl bromide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gamal ◽  
Ibrahim A. Naguib ◽  
Dibya Sundar Panda ◽  
Fatma F. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
Selection Of

The competencies of four greenness assessment tools were tested. AGREE is the best greenness tool while NEMI is the poorest one. AGREE, GAPI, and ESA are reliable greenness tools.

Investigation on penetration model of shaped charge jet in water

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwei Shi ◽  
Xingbai Luo ◽  
Jinming Li ◽  
Jianwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Jet Penetration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penetration Velocity

To analyze the process of jet penetration in water medium quantitatively, the properties of jet penetration spaced target with water interlayer were studied through test and numerical simulation. Two theoretical models of jet penetration in water were proposed. The theoretical model 1 was established considering the impact of the shock wave, combined with the shock equation Rankine–Hugoniot and the virtual origin calculation method. The theoretical model 2 was obtained by fitting theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results. The effectiveness and universality of the two theoretical models were compared through the numerical simulation results. Both the models can reflect the relationship between the penetration velocity and the penetration distance in water well, and both the deviation and stability of theoretical model 1 are better than 2, the lower penetration velocity, and the larger deviation of the theoretical model 2. Therefore, the theoretical model 1 can reflect the properties of jet penetration in water effectively, and provide the reference of model simulation and theoretical research.

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