scholarly journals Effect of famotidine in combination with antiepileptic drugs on locomotor activity in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Mariusz J. Swiader ◽  
Katarzyna Swiader ◽  
Izabela Zakrocka ◽  
Darin Munir
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Antiepileptic Agents ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Vertical Activity ◽  
Horizontal Activity ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Histamine type 2 receptor antagonists are one of the most commonly used agents to treat peptic ulcer disease. Since patients with epilepsy may have many comorbidities, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of one of the strongest second generation histamine type 2 receptor antagonist, famotidine, on the exploratory and spontaneous activity in mice after 1 or 7 days treatment. Additionally, the interaction between famotidine and antiepileptics: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital or valproate and their effect on animals activity was also evaluated. Locomotor activity was monitored electronically using a Digiscan analyzer in relation to ambulatory and rearing activities, as well as total distance travelled by animals during 15 minute periods. Results of our study indicate that famotidine administered alone did not modulate three variables of exploratory motor activity (horizontal activity, total distance and vertical activity) in mice. On the other hand, famotidine co-administered with valproate (1 day) or phenobarbital (1 day or 7 days) worsened vertical activity in mice in exploratory time. Similarly, impairment in horizontal activity in mice was observed when famotidine was given with phenobarbital (1 or 7 days). An increase in total distance in mice after famotidine alone or in combination with tested antiepileptic drugs was also shown. Moreover, famotidine alone or together with antiepileptic agents significantly impaired spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. The presented results show that famotidine administration to patients with epilepsy should be considered as potentially hazardous.

Small-Sided Games in Elite Soccer: Does One Size Fit All?

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lacome ◽  
Ben M. Simpson ◽  
Yannick Cholley ◽  
Philippe Lambert ◽  
Martin Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Global Positioning

Purpose: To compare the peak intensity of typical small-sided games (SSGs) with those of official matches in terms of running demands and mechanical work (MechW) over different rolling average durations and playing positions. Methods: Data were collected in 21 players (25 [5] y, 181 [7] cm, and 77 [7] kg) belonging to an elite French football team. SSG data were collected over 2 seasons during typical training sessions (249 files, 12 [4] per player) and official matches (n = 12). Players’ locomotor activity was recorded using 5-Hz Global Positioning System. Total distance (m), high-speed distance (HS, distance above 14.4 km·h−1, m), and MechW (a.u.) were analyzed during different rolling average periods (1–15 min). The SSGs examined were 4v4+goalkeepers (GKs), 6v6+GKs, 8v8+GKs, and 10v10+GKs. Results: Peak total distance and HS during 4v4, 6v6, and 8v8 were likely-to-most likely lower than during matches (effect size: −0.59 [±0.38] to −7.36 [±1.20]). MechW during 4v4 was likely-to-most likely higher than during matches (1–4 min; 0.61 [±0.77] to 2.30 [±0.64]). Relative to their match demands, central defenders performed more HS than other positions (0.63 [±0.81] to 1.61 [±0.52]) during 6v6. Similarly, central midfielders performed less MechW than the other positions during 6v6 (0.68 [±0.72] to 1.34 [±0.99]) and 8v8 (0.73 [±0.50] to 1.39 [±0.32]). Conclusion: Peak locomotor intensity can be modulated during SSGs of various formats and durations to either overload or underload match demands, with 4v4 placing the greatest and the least emphasis on MechW and HS, respectively. Additionally, in relation to match demands central defenders and central midfielders tend to be the most and least overloaded during SSGs, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of ketotifen and conventional antiepileptic drugs on the exploratory and spontaneous locomotor activity in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Izabela Zakrocka ◽  
Katarzyna Swiader ◽  
Mariusz Swiader
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inappropriate Drug ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Vertical Activity ◽  
Second Period

Abstract Drug interactions are major problems in polytherapy, especially in epilepsy, and inappropriate drug selection may result in increased frequency of seizures. In this study, the influence of histamine type 1 (H1) receptor antagonist ketotifen and four chosen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on mice activity was examined. We evaluated three parameters of locomotor activity in mice: horizontal total activity with total distance and vertical activity, as well as animal spontaneous activity. Experiments were divided into two 15-minutes studies. During the first 15 minutes, we examined exploratory activity in mice; in the second period, spontaneous activity was tested. In the experiment, Ketotifen or vehicle were administered once or for 7 days daily, whereas AEDs were given only once before test performance. Our results show that ketotifen given alone once or for 7 days significantly increased exploratory locomotor activity in mice without affecting their spontaneous activity. However, in combination with AEDs, ketotifen given once or for 7 days differently affected spontaneous and locomotor activity in mice. Our study indicates that the combination of ketotifen with AEDs needs special attention in pharmacotherapy of epilepsy.

The pseudomalachite-ludjibaite-reichenbachite conundrum: OD description

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-581
Author(s):  
Emil Makovicky
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Chemical ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Coordination Polyhedra

Abstract Crystal structures of the three polymorphs of Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4, namely pseudomalachite, ludjibaite, and reichenbachite, can be described as being composed of rods perpendicular to their crystal-chemical layering. Two different sorts of rods can be defined. Type 1 rods share rows of Cu coordination polyhedra, forming a series of slabs. Slab boundaries and slab interiors represent alternating geometric OD layers of two kinds, with layer symmetries close to P21/m and , which make up two different stacking schemes of geometric OD layers in the structures of ludjibaite and pseudomalachite. Such OD layers, however, are not developed in reichenbachite. Type 2 rods are defined as having columns of PO4 tetrahedra in the corners of the rods. In the Type 2 slabs composed of these rods, geometric Pg OD layers of glide-arrayed tetrahedra alternate with more complex OD layers; in ludjibaite this system of layers is oriented diagonally with respect to the Type 1 OD layer system. Two different OD stackings of Type 2 OD layers form the ludjibaite and reichenbachite structures but not that of pseudomalachite. Thus, ludjibaite might form disordered intergrowths with either of the other two members of the triplet but reichenbachite and pseudomalachite should not form oriented intergrowths. Current knowledge concerning formation of the three polymorphs is considered.

The Effects of Smoking Cessation on Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Ali Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diabetes Progression

Background: Smoking is an established predictor of type 2 diabetes. However, the link between smoking cessation and diabetes progression remains a subject of scholarly investigation. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to establish the link between smoking cessation and diabetes. Data Sources: The study utilized conference abstracts and peer-reviewed journals that reported randomized controlled trials smoking cessation interventions for diabetes patients. Results: Results from the review were inconclusive on the link between smoking cessation and diabetes. On one hand, several researchers have confirmed a positive correlation between smoking cessation and decreased risk of diabetes. On the other hand, some researchers have demonstrated that immediate withdrawal of nicotine resulted in increased risk of diabetes; however, this risk reduces with time. Conclusion: The result of this review did not estblish a clear relationship between smoking cessation and diabates. Limitations: Compared to other studies examining the implication of smoking on chronic diseases, this study identified a very small number of trials evaluating the effect of smoking cessation on diabetes. The small number of studies implies that the results may not be suitable for generalization. Implication: Results from the review can help in the development of a tailored intervention for effective management of diabetes in smoking patients.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Rasmus C. Ellegard ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Morten B. Randers ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Game Format

The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs 4 (M4) and 5 vs 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4;1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6;2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.

scholarly journals Models for predicting treatment efficacy of antiepileptic drugs and prognosis of treatment withdrawal in epilepsy patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijun Yang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xiong Han
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

AbstractAlthough antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the most effective treatment for epilepsy, 30–40% of patients with epilepsy would develop drug-refractory epilepsy. An accurate, preliminary prediction of the efficacy of AEDs has great clinical significance for patient treatment and prognosis. Some studies have developed statistical models and machine-learning algorithms (MLAs) to predict the efficacy of AEDs treatment and the progression of disease after treatment withdrawal, in order to provide assistance for making clinical decisions in the aim of precise, personalized treatment. The field of prediction models with statistical models and MLAs is attracting growing interest and is developing rapidly. What’s more, more and more studies focus on the external validation of the existing model. In this review, we will give a brief overview of recent developments in this discipline.

Detection of Intracranial Signatures of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges from Concurrent Scalp EEG

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukianos Spyrou ◽  
David Martín-Lopez ◽  
Antonio Valentín ◽  
Gonzalo Alarcón ◽  
Saeid Sanei
Keyword(s):  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Interictal Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Scalp Electroencephalogram ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
The Brain

Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are transient neural electrical activities that occur in the brain of patients with epilepsy. A problem with the inspection of IEDs from the scalp electroencephalogram (sEEG) is that for a subset of epileptic patients, there are no visually discernible IEDs on the scalp, rendering the above procedures ineffective, both for detection purposes and algorithm evaluation. On the other hand, intracranially placed electrodes yield a much higher incidence of visible IEDs as compared to concurrent scalp electrodes. In this work, we utilize concurrent scalp and intracranial EEG (iEEG) from a group of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with low number of scalp-visible IEDs. The aim is to determine whether by considering the timing information of the IEDs from iEEG, the resulting concurrent sEEG contains enough information for the IEDs to be reliably distinguished from non-IED segments. We develop an automatic detection algorithm which is tested in a leave-subject-out fashion, where each test subject’s detection algorithm is based on the other patients’ data. The algorithm obtained a [Formula: see text] accuracy in recognizing scalp IED from non-IED segments with [Formula: see text] accuracy when trained and tested on the same subject. Also, it was able to identify nonscalp-visible IED events for most patients with a low number of false positive detections. Our results represent a proof of concept that IED information for TLE patients is contained in scalp EEG even if they are not visually identifiable and also that between subject differences in the IED topology and shape are small enough such that a generic algorithm can be used.

scholarly journals The influence of athletic performance on the highest positions of the final ranking during 2017/2018 Serie A season

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Laura Risi Ambrogioni ◽  
Giuditta Pagliai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Our previous study on the 2016/2017 Serie A season showed that a greater likelihood of reaching the top positions in the Italian league “Serie A” seemed to be mainly related to sprint activity, goal attempts, total throws, target shots and assists. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the following season data in the same league to compare, confirm, and improve these results. Methods The data of all the matches played during the “Serie A” 2017–2018 season were obtained from the Italian soccer league. The teams’ analysis was performed in terms of total distance covered in km, jogging, running and sprint activities, average speed, and match statistics (total shots, shots on target, goal attempts, assists, turnovers, and steals). Results Teams that reached the first four positions revealed a lower percentage of running (65.98 ± 1.51 vs. 66.84 ± 2.18; p < 0.001), a higher percentage of jogging (25.61 ± 1.71 vs. 25.30 ± 1.97; p = 0.037) and sprint activities (8.41 ± 1.04 vs. 7.86 ± 0.82; p < 0.001). Match statistics seem to be statistically different between the first four teams the other teams. The total goals are strongly associated both with the total score at the end of the championship (R = 0.906; p < 0.001) and with the position in the final ranking (R = 0.850; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that high-level teams have a lower running rate and a higher percentage of jogging and sprinting than other teams.

scholarly journals Effect and Safety of Shihogyejitang for Drug Resistant Childhood Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsoo Lee ◽  
Kwanghyun Son ◽  
Gwiseo Hwang ◽  
Moonju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Objective. Herbal medicine has been widely used to treat drug resistant epilepsy. Shihogyejitang (SGT) has been commonly used to treat epilepsy. We investigated the effect and safety of SGT in children with drug resistant epilepsy.Design. We reviewed medical records of 54 patients with epilepsy, who failed to respond to at least two antiepileptic drugs and have been treated with SGT between April 2006 and June 2014 at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, I-Tomato Hospital, Korea. Effect was measured by the response rate, seizure-free rate, and retention rate at six months. We also checked adverse events, change in antiepileptic drugs use, and the variables related to the outcome.Results. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that, after six months, 44.4% showed a >50% seizure reduction, 24.1% including seizure-free, respectively, and 53.7% remained on SGT. Two adverse events were reported, mild skin rash and fever. Focal seizure type presented significantly more positive responses when compared with other seizure types at six months (p=0.0284, Fisher’s exact test).Conclusion. SGT is an effective treatment with excellent tolerability for drug resistant epilepsy patients. Our data provide evidence that SGT may be used as alternative treatment option when antiepileptic drug does not work in epilepsy children.

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