scholarly journals Effects of the Low-Level Western Corn Rootworm Egg Infestation on Maize Plants in the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Branka Popović ◽  
Snežana Tanasković ◽  
Sonja Gvozdenac
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Positive Correlations

Summary From the economic perspective, the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera sp. virgifera (Col., Chrysomelidae), poses the gravest threat to the field maize production in Serbia. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of WCR larvae on the morphology of maize characters during a low-level artificial egg infestation. A field experiment involving the Serbian cultivar ‘NS-640’ was carried out in Bečej, Vojvodina Serbia, in 2016. In the experimental field, a total of 96 maize plants were selected, marked and arranged in 48 pairs. Each pair consisted of an infested plant (WCR eggs injected in the root zone) and an uninfested plant (distillate water injected in the root zone). The number of leaves, height and stem diameter of the plants observed were recorded. Root damage and root weight were measured and evaluated at the end of the trail. For the purpose of statistical analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a correlation matrix were used. The statistical analysis performed indicate a highly significant difference in the number of leaves and plant height between the infested and uninfested maize plants examined in July (the third field observation). During the last field inspection, significant differences were recorded only between the stem diameters of the infested and uninfested maize plants. A negative correlation was found to exist between the root damage and root weight of the plant pairs. There were positive correlations between the stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves of the infested plants, whereas positive correlations were found between the root damage and plant height of the uninfested plants.

scholarly journals Adaçayı ve Dağ Çayında Tuz Stresi Üzerine Selenyum Uygulamalarının Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mahmut Çamlıca ◽  
Gülsüm Yaldız ◽  
Ferit Özen ◽  
Abdurrahman Başol ◽  
Halit Aşkın
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Fresh Root

Sage and mountain sage belong to Lamiaceae family which have commercial importance from medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of selenium in salinity conditions on the morphological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and mountain tea (Sideritis sp.). Four different doses of selenium (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/l) were applied in without salinity (0) and salinity (250 mM NaCl/l) medium. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications in the climate chamber room of the department of field crops. When the examined properties were evaluated; plant height changed between 15.56-23.85 cm, number of branches 10.50-12.78 number/plant, number of leaves 52.78-92.00 number/plant, fresh leaf weight 2.48-7.51 g/plant, dry leaf weight 0.48-3.32 g/plant, fresh root weight 1.52-7.16 g/plant, dry root weight 0.19-1.24 g/plant, root length 26.18-36.07 cm, fresh shoot weight of 1.13-7.15 g/plant and dry shoot weight 0.13-0.38 g/plant. In mountain tea, the properties were determined for plant height as 3.26-5.93 cm, for number of branches as 2.50-6.33 number/plant, for number of leaves as 28.22-91.14 number/plant, for fresh and dry leaf weights as 2.42-11,03 and 0.45-1.91 g/plant, for fresh and dry root weights as 0.71-3.97 and 0.18-0.74 g/plant, for root length as 14.78-33.26 cm, for fresh and dry shoot weights as 0.29-2.28 and 0.12-0.41 g/plant were determined. As a result of this study, 5 mg/l selenium application in salinity conditions in both plants has reached high values in terms of fresh leaf weights. In addition to this, it was found that selenium applications in salinity conditions had positive effects on dry leaf weight in sage and fresh root and fresh shoot weights in mountain tea. As a result of correlation analysis, positive correlations were found between dry leaf weight and other characteristics especially in mountain tea in terms of traits examined in both plants.

scholarly journals Studiul unor trăsături asociate cu productivitatea la hibrizi experimentali de floarea-soarelui

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clapco Steliana Clapco ◽  
◽  
Aliona Cucereavii ◽  
Ion Gisca ◽  
Maria Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Positive Correlations

The relationships between seed yield and some morpho-physiological parameters, such as plant height, head diameter, leaf number, number and weight of total and full seeds per head and 1000 seeds in 32 local hybrids has been studied. The analyses of Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant, but low, positive correlations between yield and number of full seeds per calatidium, weight of total seeds per calatidium, weight of 1000 seeds and hectolitre weight. There were also observed positive correla-tions between plant height and number of leaves.

scholarly journals Effects of Groundnut Shell Incorporation Rates on the Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I. R. Danbima ◽  
I. J. Tekwa ◽  
A. T. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Groundnut Shell

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of groundnut shell incorporation rates on the growth and yield of maize. Research methods: The study was carried out at the students’ demonstration farm of the Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, in 2018. Seeds were sown on a prepared land treated with four (4) doses of groundnut shells (0, 25, 50 and 75 tons/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated 4 times. Each plot was marked out at 2.0 m length × 2.0 m width with 0.5 m gap between the replicated plots and blocks. Maize growth parameters were determined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing and maize yield parameters were determined at 10 and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS). Findings: The groundnut shell application rates increased maize growth parameters such as, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leave area index, and stem girth, number of cobs per plant and cobs weight. The results revealed that plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index and stem girth were significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced by the treatments, except for the control treatment at 2- WAS. The higher application rates (50 and 75 t/ha) of groundnut shell significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced the plant growth components better than the 25 and 0 t/ha treatment rates. Research limitations: There were no limitations to report. Originality/Value: The results suggests that groundnut shell incorporation rate at 50 t/ha could be recommended as the most appropriate and profitable for high performance of maize plants in Mubi. The results generally suggest that maize plants may tolerate even higher rates of groundnut shell incorporation beyond the rates used in the study.

Hydroxamic acid content and plant development of maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to damage by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik A. Assabgui ◽  
J. Thor Arnason ◽  
Robert I. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

Recently identified resistance factors in two inbreds of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated in relation to their concentrations over the course of maize root development. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of peak expression in relation to field resistance to larvae of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Bi-weekly variation in root hydroxamic acid content, as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, was compared with field resistance of 4- to 16-wk-old maize plants. The phytochemical analysis showed that the major hydroxamic acids in corn roots were 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), and its main degradation product was 6-methoxy-benzoxazoline (MBOA). The highest concentrations of DIMBOA equivalents, 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4(2H)-benzoxazin-3-one (HMBOA) and total hydroxamic acids were found in 6-wk-old root extracts for the inbred with low susceptibility, and 10-wk-old root extracts for the inbred with high susceptibility. In field trials, the inbred with low susceptibility suffered maximal root damage 8 wk post-infestation, followed by a rapid and pronounced recovery. Damage to the root system of the inbred with high susceptibility rose rapidly throughout the growing season, reaching a maximum 12 wk post-infestation, followed by minimal recovery. Plant morphological factors were unaffected and are insensitive as measurements of plant damage. Based on the observations of this study, it would appear that the concentration of hydroxamic acids in the root systems of maize plants plays a role in resistance to western corn rootworm larvae under field conditions. Key words: 2,4-dehydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, western corn rootworm, antibiosis, hydroxamic acids, biochemical resistance

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as Influenced by Different Levels of Kalli Organic Fertilizer on the Jos Plateau

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
U. M. Umar ◽  
I. Ibrahim, Iro ◽  
S. M. Obidola
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Jos Plateau ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Different Levels

Aims: To determine the effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of radish. Study Design: The experimental design used for this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four (4) treatments (0, 400, 500 and 600 kgha-1) which were replicated four (4) times. Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted at Federal College of Forestry Jos, Plateau State located in the North Central part of Nigeria between September – October, 2018. Methods: Soil samples were collected and analysed. Agronomic practices such as land preparation, planting, fertilizer application, weeding and harvesting were also carried out. The data was collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, length of roots, diameter of roots, root weight and root yield. Data collected was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Minitab 23 statistical package at 5% level of probability and where significance was determined Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means. Results: The findings from this research work revealed that there was no significant effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the plant height, number of leaves. But the leaf area was found to be significant (p=0.05) at 8WAP with the application of 600 kgha-1 recording the largest (143.30 cm2) leaf. The number of roots, length of roots, weight of root and total yield was found to be significant (P=0.05) on the application of different levels of Kalli organic fertilizer. The application of 600 kgha-1 produced the highest number (35.50) of radish roots, length (24.83 cm) of radish roots, weight (7.20 kg) of radish and total yield (18000 kgha-1) of Radish. Conclusion: Based on this research study it could be concluded that the application of Kalli (600 kgha-1) organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of Radish. It is therefore recommended that organic fertilizer can be applied for optimum production of Radish.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and trait profiles of some Amaranthus genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Oyeboade Adebiyi Oyetunde ◽  
Muyideen Oluseyi Olayiwola ◽  
Beatrice Toyin Osho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Knowledge of the pattern of trait variation among accessions, and the trait profiles of the accessions is crucial for improvement of a crop. Twenty-one Amaranthus accessions were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the extent of genotypic diversity among the amaranth accessions and their trait profiles. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and correlation and principal component analyses. Taking stem weight (SWT) as the yield, the accession × yield-trait combination (GYT) biplot was employed to investigate the trait profiles of the accessions. Accession, year, and accession × year mean squares were significant (P≤0.05/0.01) for most of the measured traits. The first three principal components explained 88.18% of observable variation among the accessions and identified plant height (PHT), number of leaves per plant (NOL), and root weight (RWT) as the major contributors. Significant (P≤0.01) correlation was observed in the association of SWT with NOL, TBM, and RWT. Accessions NGB00019 and NGB00061 were associated with the sector containing all the YT combinations considered. However, NGB00019 was identified as the best combiner of yield with other traits. Further studies involving more traits should determine the trait profiles of the remaining accessions.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens DALAM MELARUTKAN FOSFAT DAN MEMPRODUKSI HORMON IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TOMAT

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Luqman Qurata Aini ◽  
Abdul Latief Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Tomato is an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia and plays strategic role in fulfilling daily needs of the public. The increase in production of tomato can be done by optimizing the provision of nutrients that support growth. The ability of bacteria as biological fertilizer to dissolve phosphate and produce IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) are important criteria for the use of bacteria as agents of plant growth promoters. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of some isolates of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens in dissolving phosphate and produce IAA to enhance the growth of tomato. Phosphate test results showed that all isolates of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens capable of dissolving phosphate with the highest value indicated by P. fluorescens UB-PF5 (18 mm). All isolates of bacteria capable to produce IAA. The resulting value IAA ranged from 0.69 to 1.09 ppm with the highest value produced by B. subtilis UB-ABS2 (1.09 ppm). The test results on the parameters of root weight, root length, plant height and number of leaves showed that tomato treated with B. subtilis and P. fluorescens increased significant growth compared with watering only with distilled water. The highest increased root weight and root length were resulted by P. fluorescens UB-PF5 with values 97.10% and 64.83%, respectively. The highest increased plant height and number of leaves length were resulted by P. fluorescens UB-PF6 with values 38,80% and 30,7%, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leaf Extract of Pawpaw (Carica papaya (L.)) in the Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in Garden Egg (Solanum melongena (L.))

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
I. Umar ◽  
M. B. Aji ◽  
A. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Shoot Weight

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most important soil borne pathogen affecting Garden eggplant in Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Screen house of Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology in 2013 to evaluate the effect of (Pawpaw) Carica papaya leaf powder for the control of root-knot nematode M. javanica on Garden egg. The experiment consisted of five treatments replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design in the screen house. C. papaya powder at different levels 50 g, 40 g, 30 g, 20 g and control which received no treatment were incorporated into fifteen  (15) separate pots of 20cm diameter containing 4 kg sterilized soil. Data collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves, fresh shoot weight (g), fresh root weight, dry root weight (g), gall index and final nematode population. The result indicated that Garden eggplant amended with 50 g C. papaya recorded higher growth parameters, plant height (33.75 cm), number of leaves (29.00), fresh shoot weight (145.40 g), gall index (1.33) and the least final nematode population (160.50), whereas the control recorded the least growth parameters, plant height (10.20cm), number of leaves (9.33), fresh shoot weight (9.76 g) and highest gall index (5.0) and final nematode population (1063.87). It can then concluded that Carica papaya powder when used as an amendment was effective in controlling M. javanica in garden egg under screenhouse and has the potential for use as a nematicide in the future. This study recommends that C. papaya leaf powder should be put to field trials to ascertain its efficacy in controlling M. javanica on garden egg.

scholarly journals Identification of promising sources for fodder traits in the world collection of pearl millet at the ICRISAT genebank

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
Santosh K. Pattanashetti ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Senthil Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
World Collection ◽  
The World ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractA total of 326 pearl millet accessions selected for fodder traits from the world collection at ICRISAT genebank, India were evaluated in rainy, postrainy and summer seasons to identify promising sources for fodder yield. In rainy season, majority of accessions grew significantly tall, produced thick stems, long and broad leaves compared with postrainy and summer seasons. Total tillers per plant were significantly more in rainy and summer seasons than in postrainy season. Significant (P = 0.05) positive correlations were observed among all traits in all seasons except total tillers, which showed significant negative correlation with all other traits but for a few cases. Accessions of cluster 1 flowered early and produced more tillers per plant, while those of cluster 3 flowered late, grew tall, produced thick stems, more leaves per plant, which were long and broad. Promising sources identified include IP 11839 and IP 11840 for plant height and number of leaves per plant, IP 15710, IP 15735 and IP 15752 for stem thickness and leaf width, and IP 3628, IP 15285, IP 15288, IP 15302, IP 15342, IP 15351, IP 15290, IP 20347 and IP 20350 for total tillers per plant. Further testing of these sources of fodder traits at different locations will be very useful.

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