scholarly journals A Mini Review of the Effects of NSP and Exogenous Enzymes in Broiler Diets on Digestibility and Some Intestinal Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Miroslava Polovinski-Horvatović
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Animal Organism ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Intestinal Functions

Summary NSP (non-starch polysaccharides) are a large group of compounds, which vary greatly in their chemical structure and properties. They are linked with the use of some of the alternative proteins or energy feed ingredients in broiler nutrition. Exogenous enzymes which act on NSP are sometimes in broiler production with the purpose of increasing digestibility of nutrients and consequently increasing broiler performance in production. This paper will attempt to review changes occurring in the digestive tract as a result of the use of feed with NSP soluble and insoluble in water, and the effect of NSPase on them, in terms of how an animal organism is burdened or helped to overcome the problems.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

Influence of particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the interaction between particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two maize particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of phytase supplementation (without or with 500 phytase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole maize in a hammer mill to pass through 3- and 7-mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to meet recommended requirements for major nutrients, except phosphorus. Each of the four diets was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each, from day 1 to day 21 post-hatching. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the feed intake and weight gain, and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain in both medium and coarse particle size diets. Coarse grinding improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and feed per gain. No interactions (P > 0.05) between phytase supplementation and particle size were observed for any of the performance parameters. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) ileal phosphorus digestibility and toe ash content of birds fed the medium particle size diet, but had no effect in those fed the coarse particle size diet. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of calcium and nitrogen were not influenced by particle size or phytase supplementation. The present findings suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental phytase on broiler performance is not influenced by the particle size of maize.

Synthesis and Characterization of Alkeyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Shi Dong Wang ◽  
Ming Chen Qi ◽  
Shu Liang Zang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Liquid Salts ◽  
Structure Of Matter

Two new imidazole ionic liquid salts, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) and 1-allyl-3-methy-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([EMIM]HSO4), were synthesized with direct synthesis and two-step synthesis method, using a viscosity meter, PH meter, conductivity meter, densitometer, infrared spectrometer determined its chemical structure and properties. The results show that two ionic liquids in the range is slightly different, the trend is roughly same. As the temperature increases, the viscosity decreases, PH gradually increased, the density decreases slightly, can be regarded as constant, the conductivity gradually increased. Ionic liquids of the two IR spectra analysis show its structure and synthetic route consistent with the structure of matter.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin: A Mechanistic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senay Ozgen ◽  
Ozgur Kivilcim Kilinc ◽  
Zeliha Selamoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Flavones and flavonoids are known to have potent antioxidant activity due to intracellular free radical scavenging capacities. Flavonoids are found ubiquitously in plants as a member of polyphenolic compounds which share diverse chemical structure and properties. Quercetin is among the most efficient antioxidants of the flavonoids. The antioxidant property of quercetin has been highlighted in this review. These compounds have pivotal role in treatment of diabetes, cancers and some cardiovascular diseases.

Chemical Structure and Properties of Heat Treated Coal in the Early State of Carbonization (XIII)

1968 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 864-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Sugimura ◽  
Yoshihiro Osawa ◽  
Akira Ikutaand ◽  
Hidemasa Honda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Early State ◽  
Heat Treated

Characterization, structural transitions and properties of a tightly crosslinked polythiourethane network for optical applications

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Jaffrennou ◽  
Nicolas Droger ◽  
Françoise Méchin ◽  
Jean-Louis Halary ◽  
Jean-Pierre Pascault
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Different Characteristics

AbstractA new polythiourethane thermosetting system based on a diisocyanate and a trithiol was studied. After characterization of the reactive species, two critical temperatures, namely Tg∞ (maximum glass transition temperature of the thermosetting system) and gelTg (Tg of the material at the gel point), were determined. The conversion at gel point was also determined and compared to the theoretical prediction. Two different characteristics of the evolution of a reactive system, Tg and conversion x as a function of time, were related. This is of particular interest for understanding the curing process, especially when non-isothermal cure schedules are used. Viscoelastic and plastic properties were investigated, with the aim of establishing connections between the chemical structure and properties through detailed analysis of the polymer chain motions (β and α relaxations). Measurements of the storage modulus at the rubbery plateau and of the critical strain intensity factor KIc complete the study.

scholarly journals Effects of Deposition Temperature on Structural, Optical Properties and Laser Damage of LaTiO3 Thin Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jianchao Li ◽  
Wanmin Yang ◽  
Junhong Su ◽  
Chen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Laser Damage Threshold ◽  
Laser Damage ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Quartz Substrates ◽  
The Relationship

LaTiO3 films were prepared under various deposition temperatures using electron beam evaporation on Si and fused quartz substrates. The relationship between the deposition temperature and structure and properties of optics was investigated by XPS, XRD, and various optical testing. The results showed that the LaTiO3 film is amorphous when the deposition temperature is below 200°C. The refractive index of LaTiO3 films increases from 1.8302 to 1.9112 at 1064 nm with the rise of deposition temperature. The extinction coefficient of LaTiO3 films is less than 10−6 in the range of 350 to 1700 nm. The laser damage threshold increases at first and then decreases with the increase of deposition temperature. The maximum of the laser damage threshold was 18.18 J/cm2 when the deposition temperature was 150°C. Compared with TiO2 film, the chemical structure and the laser damage threshold of LaTiO3 film are more stable by preparation of electron beam evaporation.

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