Influence of particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the interaction between particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two maize particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of phytase supplementation (without or with 500 phytase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole maize in a hammer mill to pass through 3- and 7-mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to meet recommended requirements for major nutrients, except phosphorus. Each of the four diets was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each, from day 1 to day 21 post-hatching. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the feed intake and weight gain, and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain in both medium and coarse particle size diets. Coarse grinding improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and feed per gain. No interactions (P > 0.05) between phytase supplementation and particle size were observed for any of the performance parameters. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) ileal phosphorus digestibility and toe ash content of birds fed the medium particle size diet, but had no effect in those fed the coarse particle size diet. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of calcium and nitrogen were not influenced by particle size or phytase supplementation. The present findings suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental phytase on broiler performance is not influenced by the particle size of maize.

Influence of method of wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract measurements and carcass characteristics of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Singh ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Pellet Diameter ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Ground Wheat

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of method of wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract development and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experimental design was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, which included three diet forms, namely ground wheat (GW) and 200 g/kg whole wheat (WW) replacing GW before or after pelleting, and two pellet diameters (3.0 and 4.76 mm). Experimental diets were offered ad libitum from Day 11 to Day 35 post-hatch. Pellet durability index was higher (P < 0.05) in GW diets and deteriorated (P < 0.05) with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW when the larger die was used. Larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) the weight gain and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain of birds fed diets with GW and post-pellet inclusion of WW. However, in birds fed diets with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW, the larger pellet diameter lowered (P < 0.05) feed intake and weight gain, and increased (P < 0.05) feed per gain. Relative gizzard weight was increased (P < 0.05) by larger pellet diameter with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW, but was unaffected (P > 0.05) in diets containing GW or post-pellet inclusion of WW. Irrespective of the method of WW inclusion, larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal starch digestibility. Larger pellet diameter was associated with reductions (P < 0.05) in the relative length and weight of all components of the digestive tract in GW-fed birds, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on these parameters in birds fed WW diets. Larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) carcass yield in the GW group, reduced (P < 0.05) in the pre-pelleting WW group and had no effect in the post-pelleting WW group. Overall, these results showed that the effect of pellet diameter on broiler performance varied depending on the form of wheat and method of WW inclusion. Adverse effects on weight gain in the pre-pelleting WW group were due primarily to reduced feed intake resulting from poor pellet quality.

scholarly journals Performance of broilers fed mash or pelleted diets containing different soybean meal particle sizes

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielle de Oliveira Marx ◽  
Josiane Carla Panisson ◽  
Leopoldo Malcorra de Almeida ◽  
Everton Luís Krabbe ◽  
Alex Maiorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Pelleted Diet

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different soybean meal particle sizes in pelleted or mash diets on broiler performance. A total of 1,440 male Cobb500 broilers, with 1 to 35 days of age, were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, consisting of two feed physical forms and four soybean meal particle sizes (625, 775, 1,053, and 1,406 μm), totaling eight treatments, with nine replicates of 20 birds each. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. There was a significant interaction between diet physical form and soybean meal particle size. From 1 to 21 days of age, the lowest feed intake and weight gain values were obtained with the mash diet containing 1,406 μm soybean meal particle size. From 1 to 35 days of age, the greatest weight gain is achieved when broilers are fed the pelleted diet with 1,406 μm soybean meal particle size.

scholarly journals Effects of Milling Methods and Cultivars on Physicochemical Properties of Whole-Wheat Flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Kang ◽  
Mi Jeong Kim ◽  
Han Sub Kwak ◽  
Sang Sook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Dough Extensibility

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of milling methods (jet mill (JM) and hammer mill (HM)) and wheat cultivars (Keumkang (K), Jokyung (J), and Anzunbaengi (A)) on physicochemical and dough properties of whole-wheat flour (WWF). The color, particle size, starch damage (SD), falling number (FN), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), pasting and Mixolab® properties, and dough extensibility of WWF were measured. Significant differences were observed in proximate compositions as well as in color, particle size, FN, and WAI between the distinct milling methods and cultivars (p<0.001). The particle sizes of each cultivar milled with a HM (K: 188.5 µm; J: 115.7 µm; A: 40.34 µm) were larger than those milled with a JM (K: 41.8 µm; J: 50.7 µm; A: 20.8 µm). The final viscosity of WWF milled with a HM (K: 1304 cP; J: 1249 cP; A: 1548 cP) was higher than that of cultivars milled with a JM (K: 1092 cP; J: 1062 cP; A: 994 cP). Dough extensibility and resistance to extension also differed among the cultivars, and the C2 Mixolab® parameter (an indicator of protein weakening) was influenced by the milling method. Overall, results from principal component analysis showed that, among the three cultivars, Keumkang WWF was the most affected by the milling method.

scholarly journals An assessment of the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens by nutritional geometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Y. Liu ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
David J. Cadogan ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

AbstractThe right-angled triangle mixture experiment was designed to include fourteen diets with different concentrations of starch, protein and lipid. Experimental diets were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 10 to 23 d after hatching, and response curves and surfaces were generated to illustrate the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisations. Despite the primary function of macronutrients, especially protein, may not be providing energy, macronutrients were expressed as energy derived from starch, protein and fat for statistical purposes in the mixture design. Energy derived from lipid had a greater impact on feed intake than energy derived from starch and protein. When we compared the influence of starch and protein on feed intake, ‘equal distance rule’ was observed, which means the animal consumes feed to the point on its respective nutritional rails where the shortage of starch exactly equals the surplus of consumed protein. Increasing the protein-derived energy intake increased weight gain in broiler chickens, whereas energy intake derived from starch and lipid had little impact on weight gain. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be reduced by either increasing protein energy intake or decreasing starch energy intake. As the slope of the contours was less than 1, the influence of starch energy intakes on FCR exceeded that of protein energy intakes. In conclusion, energy derived from protein is more important than non-protein energy in terms of weight gain, and a balance between protein and energy supplies is required for efficient muscle protein deposition.

scholarly journals Effect of the levels of calcium and particle size of limestone on laying hens

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Anchieta de Araujo ◽  
José Humberto Vilar da Silva ◽  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaína Maria Batista de Sousa ◽  
Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Thickness Shell ◽  
Haugh Unit

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of levels of calcium (Ca) and particle size of limestone (LS) for laying hens. It was used 216 Dekalb White laying hens at 25 to 49 weeks of age in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, composed of three levels of calcium (3.92, 4.02 and 4.12%) and two particle sizes of limestone (thin - 0.60 mm; and thick - 1.00 mm), resulting in 6 treatments with six replicates of six birds. There was no significant effect of levels of calcium and limestone particle size neither of the interaction calcium × particle size for feed intake, egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, shell percentage, Haugh unit, calcium and phosphorus digestibility and percentage of digestive tract. Production, mass, conversion by mass and conversion by egg dozen had their best results with 4.12% of calcium in the diet. Percentage of gizzard and feed intake observed at 3:00 p.m. improved as limestone granulometry improved from 0.60 to 1.00 mm. There was an interaction effect among calcium level and limestone granulometry for breaking strength of tibia, bone density, length of the small intestine and feed intake at 6:00 a.m.; 9:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., respectively. It is recommended the addition of 4.12% of calcium and limestone in the thick granulometry (1.00 mm) for a better performance of commercial laying hens. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the alteration of nutritional behavior of laying hens in response to changes in the levels of calcium and in the granulometry of limestone in the rations.

Effects of phytase, calcium source, calcium concentration and particle size on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and skeletal integrity

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bradbury ◽  
S. J. Wilkinson ◽  
G. M. Cronin ◽  
C. L. Walk ◽  
A. J. Cowieson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Skeletal Integrity

The study herein investigated the effect of mean particle size, calcium (Ca) source, Ca concentration and phytase on broiler performance, mineral digestibility and skeletal integrity from 1 to 28 days post-hatch. Sixteen dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of two Ca sources (limestone or a highly soluble calcium, HSC), two Ca concentrations (9.0 or 6.0 g/kg from Day 0 to Day 14 and 8.0 or 5.5 g/kg from Day 15 to Day 28), two Ca particle sizes (<0.5 or >0.5 mm) and two phytase-supplementation levels (0 or 1000 FTU/kg). Overall performance (Days 1–28) showed that the addition of phytase to diets containing 8.0 g/kg total Ca provided by HSC improved feed intake (P < 0.05), but there was no effect of the addition of phytase to birds fed Ca from limestone. Phytase supplementation decreased feed intake in birds fed limestone with a mean particle size >0.5 mm and increased feed intake in birds fed HSC with a mean particle size >0.5 mm, which resulted in a Ca source × Ca particle size × phytase interaction (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets containing HSC had a lower liveweight gain than did birds fed diets containing limestone (P = 0.03). Increasing the dietary Ca concentration from 5.5 g/kg to 8.0 g/kg total Ca decreased liveweight gain (P = 0.01). Phytase supplementation increased final liveweight gain (P < 0.001). Foot ash was observed to be higher in birds that received diets containing 8.0 g/kg Ca (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation increased foot ash percentage (P < 0.05). Phytase increased Ca digestibility in birds fed diets containing Ca provided by HSC with a mean particle size <0.5 mm and diets containing limestone with a mean particle size >0.5 mm (P < 0.05). Phytase increased Ca digestibility in birds fed 5.5 g/kg Ca, but had no effect on Ca digestibility in birds fed 8.0 g/kg Ca (P < 0.05). The addition of phytase to diets improved the digestibility of phosphorus, especially in birds fed diets containing limestone (P < 0.05), or 8.0 g/kg total Ca (P < 0.05), or diets with a mean particle size >0.5 mm (P < 0.05). The results of the present study are consistent with those of previous studies by the authors, which have shown that low dietary Ca in conjunction with phytase improves broiler performance and mineral digestibility. Phytase improved growth performance, regardless of Ca source or Ca concentration and improved mineral digestibility.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN SEBAGIAN RANSUM BASAL DENGAN TEPUNG DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM PEDAGING

ZOOTEC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Sintia Tempomona ◽  
Betty Bagau ◽  
Fenny R. Wolayan ◽  
Mursye N. Regar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Basal Ration

EFFECT OF SUBTITUTION OF BASIC RATIONS WITH PAPAYA LEAF MEAL ON BROILER PERFORMANCE.  This research aims to know the effect of substitution of basic rations with papaya leaf meal on broiler performance. Using 100 broiler chickens aged 2 weeks with an initial weight rate of 278.75 g. The design used was complete random design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The arrangement of the treatment was as follows: R0 = 100% basal ration (RB) + 0% papaya leaf meal (PLM), R1 = 95% basal ration + 5% PLM, R2 = 90% basal ration + 10% PLM, R3 = 85% basal ration + 15% PLM. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the replacement of a portion of basal rations with papaya leaf meal had a significantly different (P < 0.05) on feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. Based on the results of this study, It can be concluded that the using of papaya leaf meal can replace a portion of ration until 5% level.Keywords: Performance, papaya leaf meal, broiler chickens

scholarly journals Influence of phytogenic feed additives and prebiotic in vegetable protein based diet on broiler performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Tanzim ◽  
GB Das ◽  
M Ahmad ◽  
M Barua ◽  
K Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

This study was conducted to determine the effect of phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic on vegetable protein base diet in broiler performance.  A total of 90 chicks (Cobb-500) were weighted and randomly assigned to the three treatment groups (To, T1 and T2) and supplemented with either phytogenic feed additives or prebiotic and reared for 28 days. Data on live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion (FC) were taken at weekly interval. Results revealed that significant (P<0.05) increase in live body weight of broilers was evident in both phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic supplemented groups comparing to the control group at 4th weeks of age. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in live weight gain among the treatment groups on weekly intervals along the whole experimental period. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were evident on cumulative weight gain at 3rd and 4th weeks of age. In case of feed intake at the age of 3rd and 4th weeks, significant (P<0.05) differences were obtained with decreased feed intake in both phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic supplemented groups comparing to the control group. In case of feed conversion (FC), there were significant (P<0.05) differences among the groups on 1st week and 4th week of age. Best FC was accounted for prebiotic supplemented group along the whole experimental period. The survivability rates were 96.67%, 100% and 100% in control group, phytogenic feed additive and prebiotic supplemented group respectively. Results finally showed that vegetable protein when supplemented with phytogenic prebiotic feed additives and prebiotic c an additive beneficial effect on performance of when compared to non-supplemented control diet. So, ration using vegetable protein mixed with phytogenic feed additives or prebiotic can be recommended for broiler.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 323-330, 2017

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES FONTES E NÍVEIS DE SELÊNIO PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. DAHLKE ◽  
E. GONZALES ◽  
R.L. FURLAN ◽  
A.C. GADELHA ◽  
A. MAIORKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
De Se ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Different Sources

Foram avaliados os parâmetros zootécnicos de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com diferentes fontes e níveis de selênio (Se), criados sob diferentes condições de temperatura. Foram utilizados 720 pintainhos, Cobb-500, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 (3 temperaturas ambiente: termoneutra, fria e quente; 2 níveis de suplementação de Se: nível A e B; e 2 fontes de Se: orgânica e inorgânica), com 4 repetições de 15 aves. Os níveis A e B de Se na ração inicial (1 a 21 dias) e de crescimento (22 a 42 dias) foram 0,15 e 0,30 mg/kg e 0,20 e 0,40 mg/kg, respectivamente. Selenometionina foi usada como fonte de Se orgânico e selenito de sódio, inorgânico. Os frangos criados em condições de estresse por calor apresentaram uma redução no consumo de ração e ganho de peso. Não houve influência da suplementação das diferentes fontes ou níveis de Se no ganho de peso, consumo de ração ou conversão alimentar. Os resultados são indicativos de que a suplementação de Se não melhora o desempenho de frangos de corte criados em condições de temperatura adversa. Evaluation of different sources and selenium levels for broilers at different temperatures Abstract This study evaluated the effect of selenium (Se) diet supplementation on productive parameters of broiler chickens raised under different temperatures, in a complete randomized design with 3 x 2 x 2 factorial schedule (3 environmental temperatures: cold, neutral and hot; 2 levels and two Se sources) with 4 repetitions of 15 birds. The levels of Se in rations for initial and growth phases were: 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg; and 0.20 and 0.40 mg/kg, respectively. The organic and inorganic sources of selenium were selenomethionine and sodium selenite, respectively. There were a reducing in broiler feed intake and weight gain of the broilers housed in the hot temperature. Selenium levels or sources did not affect the weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. It was concluded that Se supplementation did no affect the broiler performance, housed under adverse environmental temperature.

Effect of fermented rice bran on growth performance and bioavailability of phosphorus in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Anjum ◽  
Masood Rabbani ◽  
Kamran Ashraf ◽  
Mian Muhammad Awais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group D

In the present study, sterilized rice bran was fermented for 48, 72 and 96 hours by Aspergillus flavus and proximate analysis indicated that fermentation changed nutritive value of the rice bran. Four experimental feeds were fed to 4 groups of day old broiler chicks for 6 weeks to evaluate their effects on broiler performance (weekly feed intake, weight gain, FCR and mortality). During first 2 weeks, birds of group D showed significant difference (P less than 0.05) in feed intake and weight gain as compared to groups A (control), B and C. All groups did not show significant differences in feed conversion ratios (FCR). During 3rd week of trial, chickens of Group D showed significant difference (P less than 0.05) in feed intake, weight gain and FCR as compared to group A. During last 3 weeks, birds in group D showed significant difference (P less than 0.05) in feed intake, weight gain and FCR as compared to birds of groups A, B and C. Group D showed significantly higher weight gain and better FCR (P less than 0.05) as compared to groups A, B and C. On the whole, broiler chickens fed on 96 hours fermented rice bran showed best growth performance. In-vivo phytase activity was determined in ash of tibia bones collected from selected birds in each group. Group D showed significantly high percentage (P less than 0.05) of ash and phosphorus in tibia bones as compared to groups A (control), B and C. In conclusion, fermented rice bran showed beneficial effect on broiler performance and could be used in poultry feed as phytase source.

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