scholarly journals Social Workers’ Compensation Models and the Czech Statutory Employer Liability Insurance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vostatek
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Pension Benefit ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Employer Liability ◽  
Work Accidents ◽  
The Government

Abstract Czech workers’ compensation is “exemplified” by the adoption of the Worker’s Accident Insurance Act in 2006, four deferments of its effective date and then complete annulment of the Act. A temporary settlement aimed at resolving the incompatibility of the communist model of workers’ compensation for work accidents and occupational illnesses with the transition to a market economy after 1989 involved the implementation of statutory employer liability insurance for work accidents and occupational illnesses, outsourced to two private insurance companies; the current Czech government does not seem to have a know how to deal with it. The objective of this paper is primarily to advise the government using primarily the formulation and comparison of four basic social workers’ compensation models and furthermore considering the existing sickness, pension and health insurance systems. The choice of a social model is namely a matter of public choice, but intensive lobbying also constitutes part of these processes. The analyses result in a recommendation to “dissolve” the statutory employer liability insurance into a jointly collected social insurance contribution for sickness and pension insurance, and partly to transform the current accident benefits into increased sickness and pension benefit assessments and partly to cancel them.

An Analysis of Quality Liability Insurance for Prefabricated Components Using Evolutionary Game Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Chenyao Lv ◽  
Hong Xian Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhen Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Simulation Calculation ◽  
The Government

Managing quality risks of prefabricated components is one of the challenges for prefabricated construction. The Quality Liability Insurance for Prefabricated Components (QLIPC) is an effective approach to transfer such risks; however, limited research has been conducted regarding the development of QLIPC. This study introduces an Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT)-based approach incorporating decisions from both the government and insurance companies. In the EGT model, a payoff matrix under disparate strategies is constructed, and the evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) are deduced. The simulation calculation is then carried out by MATLAB using sample virtual data to demonstrate the analysis. The results show that the government should act as the game promoter because the QLIPC can reduce governance cost and has significant social benefits. This research contributes a theoretical framework to analyze the QLIPC development using the EGT theory, and it could help the government to make long-term strategies for developing the QLIPC market.

scholarly journals International experience in reducing losses of labor resources in the context of minimizing industrial conflicts.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Nikolaevich Ermakov ◽  
Galina Vladimirovna Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Industrial Injuries

The constitutions of many States set out the obligation of the government to guarantee a well-functioning and reliable system of protection against industrial injuries. Whether the government provides workers ' compensation insurance directly, or when it is delegated to a third party (special authorities or insurance companies), the government is still responsible for the operation of the system. The latter is of particular importance, since the settlement of claims for workers ' compensation insurance is of a long-term nature. An effective system of protection against industrial injuries and occupational diseases should be considered not only as a type of insurance but as an absolute need of the productive sector and as one of the foundations of social peace and economic stability.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF «LIABILITY INSURANCE» IN GEORGIA FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS» (OVERVIEW OF 2008 - 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Roland Bregvadze
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Personal Insurance ◽  
Insurance Development

In Georgia, the insurance industry has been developing since 1997, since the establishment of insurance development strategy by the state, the LEPL State Insurance Supervision Service, the main insurance regulation law on insurance, normative and sub-legal acts have been developed, and an important place has been given to insurance relations in Georgian civil, air, marine and customs code. Several types of compulsory insurance have been introduced. Over time, with the realization of the benefits of insurance by the public and private business, there has been a growing demand for the various types of insurance offered by private insurance companies. Including types of personal insurance, property and financial risk insurance. There was also some demand for various liability insurance in both the corporate and retail markets. Nevertheless, judging by the statistics of the Georgian insurance market from 2008 to 2018, we will see that liability insurance is less prominent. Leading among the types of insurance are types of insurance such as medical insurance, auto insurance, property and life insurance. Liability insurance ranks sixth and seventh, both in terms of premiums attracted and policies issued. Liability insurance is less in demand today and is preceded by types of insurance such as medical insurance, motor insurance, property and life insurance. The separation of the type of liability insurance and the importance of its development is due to the fact that it is impossible to attribute it to property or personal insurance. If the object of property insurance is the property of a natural or legal person, and the property of a person - human life, health and ability to work, then the object of liability insurance is the liability of the insured (insured) for damage to a third party in accordance with law or contractual obligations. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to reflect to some extent the problems of liability insurance development in Georgia and to offer recommendations for their solution.

scholarly journals El seguro en la administración de riesgos de la actividad agropecuaria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. REYES ALTAMIRANO CARDENAS
Keyword(s):  
Private Insurance ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
The Government ◽  
Year 2000

Agricultural insurance has been one of the most favored policies to stabilize the income of producers by lost due to natural causes and pests and diseases. In many countries, these programs have been managed by governments and, in general were characterized by high fiscal cost, which has led to the search for new, more efficient and less expensive schemes. In Mexico, the insurance system for the rural environment was modified in 1990 to develop a scheme involving the government, private insurance companies and producers. This research was developed to characterize this new assurance system. The evaluation of the incorporation of the producers in the provision of the insurance service through the insurance funds was also made. The results show an insurance service derived from the coverage of the credit market, concentrated in Sonora, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas that have the most developed agriculture and the lowest accident rate in Mexico. The insured area is distributed among AGROASEMEX (40%), 196 insurance funds in operation (31%) and four private insurance companies (21%). Between 1990 and the year 2000, AGROASEMEX recorded a loss ratio expressed by the ratio between compensation and premiums of 0.75 against 0.56 of the insurance funds. To cover the indemnities, the Funds require 5.15% of the value of the sum insured against the 6.8% required by AGROASEMEX. The existence of producer organizations to provide agricultural insurance asymmetries has prevented the resources of the surpluses (446 million between 1990 and 2000) and those of the reserves from leaving the sector and allows producers to keep it under their control. RESUMEN El seguro agrícola ha sido uno de los instrumentos más favorecidos para estabilizar los ingresos de los productores debido a causas naturales y por plagas y enfermedades. En muchos países estos programas han sido manejados por los gobiernos y en general se caracterizan por su alto costo fiscal lo que ha llevado a buscar nuevos esquemas más eficientes y menos costosos. En México, el sistema de aseguramiento para el medio rural se modificó en 1990 para desarrollar un esquema en donde participan el gobierno, las compañías privadas de seguro y los productores. Esta tesis se desarrolló para caracterizar este nuevo sistema de aseguramiento. Asimismo se hizo la evaluación de la incorporación de los productores en la prestación del servicio de seguro a través de los Fondos de aseguramiento. Los resultados muestran un servicio de seguro derivado de la cobertura del mercado de crédito, concentrado en Sonora, Sinaloa y Tamaulipas que cuentan con la agricultura más desarrollada y de menor siniestralidad en México. La superficie asegurada se distribuye entre AGROASEMEX (40%), 196 fondos de aseguramiento en operación (31%) y cuatro compañías de seguro privadas (21%). Entre 1990 y el año 2000, AGROASEMEX registró un coeficiente de pérdida expresado por la relación entre indemnizaciones y primas de 0.75 contra un 0.56 de los fondos de aseguramiento. Para cubrir las indemnizaciones, los Fondos requieren del 5.15% del valor de la suma asegurada contra el 6.8% que requiere AGROASEMEX. La existencia de organizaciones de productores para proveerse asimismos el seguro agrícola ha evitado que los recursos de los excedentes (446 millones entre 1990 y el 2000) y los de las reservas salgan del sector y permite que los productores lo mantengan bajo su control.

scholarly journals The Terrorist Risk Insurance Act of 2002: The Federal Government's Role in Addressing Losses Caused by Terrorism

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michael P.G. Stinziano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Terrorism Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
Risk Insurance

In response to problems associated with insuring against the risk of foreign terrorist attacks in the United States, Congress passed The Terrorist Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (TRIA) to help solve an availability and affordability crisis in the private marketplace for terrorism risk insurance. TRIA established a temporary three-year federal program that created a risk-sharing mechanism to provide private insurance companies with a tool to manage the allocation of their risk resulting from foreign terrorist attacks. The role of government in helping to provide financial protection from losses not served by private markets is not new, but protecting against terrorism risk is. TRIA and its possible alternatives remain a topic of considerable discussion and debate as our country continues to address the threat of terrorism in the United States. One important element of this analysis is to determine what permanent role, if any, the government should play in providing terrorism risk insurance to address the market failure that occurred after September 11. Another is to explore possible alternatives to the current temporary program.

Embarking: The Pittsburgh Survey, Workers’ Compensation, and the First Blush of Fame

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-96
Author(s):  
Amy Aronson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Common Law ◽  
New York State ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Visual Artists ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Employer Liability ◽  
Work Accidents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Fault Distribution

In 1907, Crystal Eastman began a temporary job investigating industrial accidents with the Pittsburgh Survey, a comprehensive study of urban industrial life organized by Paul Kellogg and Edward Devine, financed by the newly formed Russell Sage Foundation. The project involved established leaders, such as Florence Kelley and John R. Commons, as well as young visual artists, including Lewis Hine and Joseph Stella, and brought a new generation of educated women into professional work in social welfare. Eastman’s study, later published as Work Accidents and the Law (1910), resulted in her appointment by Governor Charles Evans Hughes to chair New York’s new commission on employer liability in 1909. There, she proposed to overhaul common law standards, shifting to a no-fault distribution of risk and loss shared by workers, businesses, and consumers. The resulting legislation failed a constitutional challenge in 1911 but laid the groundwork for successful workers’ compensation laws in New York State and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Functioning of the pension system of Ukraine, United Kingdom and the USA: comparative and legal characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
V.V. Mirgorod-Karpova ◽  
K.R. Koroshchenko
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Government

The article deals with the problem of the pension system of Ukraine. And also a complete analysis of the pension system that exists in Ukraine, the US and the UK. The possibility of a pension for any country in the world is an opportunity for the full exercise of power by their authorities, as well as the achievement of the goal of the state - full social security for its citizens. In Ukraine, the existence of a solidarity system alone raises a number of problems. One of them is a working population less than people in need of a pension. That is, citizens have earned, but do not receive it in full, because there is a principle of a solidarity system of “heredity of generations”. World experience has shown that the most reliable retirement benefit is the one I have taken care of. Citizens in countries where there are fewer economic problems than in Ukraine have the opportunity to accumulate their retirement pension separately and use it when they reach retirement age. There are various private insurance companies where a person can deduct a portion from their salary. It is up to the individual to decide what part of the pension to accumulate in retirement. Such prudent citizens most often have two state pensions and from such private funds, the quality of life is certainly rising. The purpose of the Ukrainian pension system is to provide Ukrainians with pensions in full, and also to solve economic problems that will allow them to accumulate their old age in addition. The government is trying to make changes to change the existing solidarity system, and is looking for ways to address the situation in which pensioners do not receive the amount of money they donated to the state. The purpose of the article is to investigate the pension system of the countries where the highest pensions are, namely: the United States and the United Kingdom. Using the experience of foreign countries to build a reliable pension in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Review of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Mobile Apps Using a Reference Architecture embedded in the Patient-Provider Relationship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Lan ◽  
Alexandra Lee ◽  
Kristin Munroe ◽  
Cameron McRae ◽  
Linda Kaleis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mhealth Apps

Background Mobile health apps (mHealth apps) are increasing in popularity and utility for the management of many chronic diseases. Although the current reimbursement structure for mHealth apps is lagging behind the rapidly improving functionality, more clinicians will begin to recommend these apps as they prove their clinical worth. Payors such as the government or private insurance companies will start to reimburse for the use of these technologies, especially if they add value to patients by providing timely support, a more streamlined patient experience, and greater patient convenience. Payors are likely to see benefits for providers, as these apps could help increase productivity between in-office encounters without having to resort to expensive in-person visits when patients are having trouble managing their disease. Key findings To guide and perhaps speed up adoption of mHealth apps by patients and providers, analysis and evaluation of existing apps needs to be carried out and more feedback must be provided to app developers. In this paper, an evaluation of 35 mHealth apps claiming to provide cognitive behavioural therapy was conducted to assess the quality of the patient-provider relationship and evidence-based practices embedded in these apps. The mean score across the apps was 4.9 out of 20 functional criteria all of which were identified as important to the patient-provider relationship. The median score was 5 out of these 20 functional criteria. Conclusion Overall, the apps reviewed were mostly stand-alone apps that do not enhance the patient-provider relationship, improve patient accountability or help providers support patients more effectively between visits. Large improvements in patient experience and provider productivity can be made through enhanced integration of mHealth apps into the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Review of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Mobile Apps Using a Reference Architecture embedded in the Patient-Provider Relationship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Lan ◽  
Alexandra Lee ◽  
Kristin Munroe ◽  
Cameron McRae ◽  
Linda Kaleis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mhealth Apps

Background Mobile health apps (mHealth apps) are increasing in popularity and utility for the management of many chronic diseases. Although the current reimbursement structure for mHealth apps is lagging behind the rapidly improving functionality, more clinicians will begin to recommend these apps as they prove their clinical worth. Payors such as the government or private insurance companies will start to reimburse for the use of these technologies, especially if they add value to patients by providing timely support, a more streamlined patient experience, and greater patient convenience. Payors are likely to see benefits for providers, as these apps could help increase productivity between in-office encounters without having to resort to expensive in-person visits when patients are having trouble managing their disease. Key findings To guide and perhaps speed up adoption of mHealth apps by patients and providers, analysis and evaluation of existing apps needs to be carried out and more feedback must be provided to app developers. In this paper, an evaluation of 35 mHealth apps claiming to provide cognitive behavioural therapy was conducted to assess the quality of the patient-provider relationship and evidence-based practices embedded in these apps. The mean score across the apps was 4.9 out of 20 functional criteria all of which were identified as important to the patient-provider relationship. The median score was 5 out of these 20 functional criteria. Conclusion Overall, the apps reviewed were mostly stand-alone apps that do not enhance the patient-provider relationship, improve patient accountability or help providers support patients more effectively between visits. Large improvements in patient experience and provider productivity can be made through enhanced integration of mHealth apps into the healthcare system.

2. The politics of social work

2015 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Sally Holland ◽  
Jonathan Scourfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Fault ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Social work is inherently political because its parameters are set by the government of the day and many social workers are employed by the state and have important legal powers through that employment. ‘The politics of social work’ focuses on some of the main fault-lines of debate about social work’s purpose and methods, including assumptions, principles, and values. The four big debates considered are individual problems vs social conditions; understanding the past vs practical help with present functioning; intervention vs non-intervention; and the medical model vs the social model. It also looks at the relationship between social work and government.

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