scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in environmental biology: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej M. Nowak ◽  
Katarzyna Dziób ◽  
Paweł Bogawski
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Environmental Biology ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Acquiring information about the environment is a key step during each study in the field of environmental biology at different levels, from an individual species to community and biome. However, obtaining information about the environment is frequently difficult because of, for example, the phenological timing, spatial distribution of a species or limited accessibility of a particular area for the field survey. Moreover, remote sensing technology, which enables the observation of the Earth’s surface and is currently very common in environmental research, has many limitations such as insufficient spatial, spectral and temporal resolution and a high cost of data acquisition. Since the 1990s, researchers have been exploring the potential of different types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring Earth’s surface. The present study reviews recent scientific literature dealing with the use of UAV in environmental biology. Amongst numerous papers, short communications and conference abstracts, we selected 110 original studies of how UAVs can be used in environmental biology and which organisms can be studied in this manner. Most of these studies concerned the use of UAV to measure the vegetation parameters such as crown height, volume, number of individuals (14 studies) and quantification of the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation changes (12 studies). UAVs were also frequently applied to count birds and mammals, especially those living in the water. Generally, the analytical part of the present study was divided into following sections: (1) detecting, assessing and predicting threats on vegetation, (2) measuring the biophysical parameters of vegetation, (3) quantifying the dynamics of changes in plants and habitats and (4) population and behaviour studies of animals. At the end, we also synthesised all the information showing, amongst others, the advances in environmental biology because of UAV application. Considering that 33% of studies found and included in this review were published in 2017 and 2018, it is expected that the number and variety of applications of UAVs in environmental biology will increase in the future.

scholarly journals Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles in Antarctic environmental research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Tovar-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Román ◽  
David Roque-Atienza ◽  
Gabriel Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Dissolved Chemicals

AbstractAntarctica plays a fundamental role in the Earth's climate, oceanic circulation and global ecosystem. It is a priority and a scientific challenge to understand its functioning and responses under different scenarios of global warming. However, extreme environmental conditions, seasonality and isolation hampers the efforts to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the physical, biological, chemical and geological processes taking place in Antarctica. Here we present unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as feasible, rapid and accurate tools for environmental and wildlife research in Antarctica. UAV surveys were carried out on Deception Island (South Shetland Islands) using visible, multispectral and thermal sensors, and a water sampling device to develop precise thematic ecological maps, detect anomalous thermal zones, identify and census wildlife, build 3D images of geometrically complex geological formations, and sample dissolved chemicals (< 0.22 µm) waters from inaccessible or protected areas.

scholarly journals A Framework for Agricultural Pest and Disease Monitoring Based on Internet-of-Things and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demin Gao ◽  
Quan Sun ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Shuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Iot Devices

With the development of information technology, Internet-of-Things (IoT) and low-altitude remote-sensing technology represented by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in environmental monitoring fields. In agricultural modernization, IoT and UAV can monitor the incidence of crop diseases and pests from the ground micro and air macro perspectives, respectively. IoT technology can collect real-time weather parameters of the crop growth by means of numerous inexpensive sensor nodes. While depending on spectral camera technology, UAVs can capture the images of farmland, and these images can be utilize for analyzing the occurrence of pests and diseases of crops. In this work, we attempt to design an agriculture framework for providing profound insights into the specific relationship between the occurrence of pests/diseases and weather parameters. Firstly, considering that most farms are usually located in remote areas and far away from infrastructure, making it hard to deploy agricultural IoT devices due to limited energy supplement, a sun tracker device is designed to adjust the angle automatically between the solar panel and the sunlight for improving the energy-harvesting rate. Secondly, for resolving the problem of short flight time of UAV, a flight mode is introduced to ensure the maximum utilization of wind force and prolong the fight time. Thirdly, the images captured by UAV are transmitted to the cloud data center for analyzing the degree of damage of pests and diseases based on spectrum analysis technology. Finally, the agriculture framework is deployed in the Yangtze River Zone of China and the results demonstrate that wheat is susceptible to disease when the temperature is between 14 °C and 16 °C, and high rainfall decreases the spread of wheat powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Land use/Land Cover Change Assessment of Ysr Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India using Irs Resourcesat-1/2 Liss Iii Multi-Temporal Open Source Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8139-8151
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Change Assessment ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Erdas Imagine ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Liss Iii ◽  
Spatio Temporal

LULC change assessment by the Remote sensing Technology helps in understanding land dynamics effectively compared to conventional field inspection methods. This study provides the spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC classes in the Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India. IRS Resourcesat-1/2 LISS III Multi-Temporal remote sensed data, from Bhuvan - Indian Geo-platform of ISRO is intended to assessment the changes in the study area during the years 2005-2006, 2011-2012 and 2015-2016 over tenure of 10 years. At the end the study area claasified into five major classes namely Built-up, Agriculture, Forest, Wastelands and waterbodies using ERDAS Imagine 2015. The results indicate net change and rate of change of LULC classes over the period of 10 years. Net change in Built-up land is 89.91%( 167.12 km2 ), Net change (decreased) in Agriculture land is 3.76% (256.05km2 ), Net increment in the Forest land is 2.39 %( 114.83km2 ), Wastelands decreased by 2.92 %( 79.09km2 ), and waterbodies increased by 6.28% (52.9 km2 )

Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles remote sensing technology in landscape ecology

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
张志明 ZHANG Zhiming ◽  
徐倩 XU Qian ◽  
王彬 WANG Bin ◽  
孙虎 SUN Hu ◽  
耿宇鹏 GENG Yupeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Sensing Technology

scholarly journals Application of Vegetation Indexes to Assess the Condition of Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
R. K. Kurbanov ◽  
N. I. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Farming System ◽  
The State ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Vegetation Indexes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Indicators

Monitoring of the state of agricultural crops and forecasting the crops development begin with aerial photography using a unmanned aerial vehicles and a multispectral camera. Vegetation indexes are selected empirically and calculated as a result of operations with values of diff erent spectral wavelengths. When assessing the state of crops, especially in breeding, it is necessary to determine the limiting factors for the use of vegetation indexes.(Research purpose) To analyze, evaluate and select vegetation indexes for conducting operational, high-quality and comprehensive monitoring of the state of crops and the formation of optimal management decisions.(Materials and Methods) The authors studied the results of scientifi c research in the fi eld of remote sensing technology using unmanned aerial vehicles and multispectral cameras, as well as the experience of using vegetation indexes to assess the condition of crops in the precision farming system. The limiting factors for the vegetation indexes research were determined: a limited number of monochrome cameras in popular multispectral cameras; key indicators for monitoring crops required by agronomists. After processing aerial photographs from an unmanned aerial vehicle, a high-precision orthophotomap, a digital fi eld model, and maps of vegetation indexes were created.(Results and discussion) More than 150 vegetation indexes were found. Not all of them were created through observation and experimentation. The authors considered broadband vegetation indexes to assess the status of crops in the fi elds. They analyzed the vegetation indexes of soybean and winter wheat crops in the main phases of vegetation.(Conclusions) The authors found that each vegetative index had its own specifi c scope, limiting factors and was used both separately and in combination with other indexes. When calculating the vegetation indexes for practical use, it was recommended to be guided by the technical characteristics of multispectral cameras and took into account the index use eff ectiveness at various vegetation stages.

Development of thickened semi-synthetic engine oil M-5z / 20 AERO for four-stroke gasoline engines aircraft piston of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
A.A. Moykin ◽  
◽  
A.S. Medzhibovsky ◽  
S.A. Kriushin ◽  
M.V. Seleznev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
State Research ◽  
Industrial Batch ◽  
The Russian Federation

Nowadays, the creation of remotely-piloted aerial vehicles for various purposes is regarded as one of the most relevant and promising trends of aircraft development. FAU "25 State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" have studied the operation features of aircraft piston engines and developed technical requirements for motor oil for piston four-stroke UAV engines, as well as a new engine oil M-5z/20 AERO in cooperation with NPP KVALITET, LLC. Based on the complex of qualification tests, the stated operational properties of the experimental-industrial batch of M-5z/20 AERO oil are generally confirmed.

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