scholarly journals Women and men propensities to smoke and drink alcohol

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Doszyń
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract In the article problems connected with possibilities of analyzing human behavior in context of propensities were discussed. Main focus was put on differences in propensities with respect to sex, also in context of E. Fromm’s personality theory. Methodological issues related to propensities were presented. Definition of propensity and methods of measuring propensities were also proposed. In empirical example differences in propensity to smoke cigarettes and propensity to drink alcohol with respect to sex in Polish voivodeships in year 2004 were estimated. Also, econometric models explaining that kind of propensities were introduced.

Subject of Economic Science

2015 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
D. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Adam Smith defined economics as “the science of the nature and causes of the wealth of nations” (implicitly appealing – in reference to the “wealth” – to the “value”). Neo-classical theory views it as a science “which studies human behavior in terms of the relationship between the objectives and the limited funds that may have a different use of”. The main reason that turns the neo-classical theory (that serves as the now prevailing economic mainstream) into a tool for manipulation of the public consciousness is the lack of measure (elimination of the “value”). Even though the neo-classical definition of the subject of economics does not contain an explicit rejection of objective measures the reference to “human behavior” inevitably implies methodological subjectivism. This makes it necessary to adopt a principle of equilibrium: if you can not objectively (using a solid measurement) compare different states of the system, we can only postulate the existence of an equilibrium point to which the system tends. Neo-classical postulate of equilibrium can not explain the situation non-equilibrium. As a result, the neo-classical theory fails in matching microeconomics to macroeconomics. Moreover, a denial of the category “value” serves as a theoretical basis and an ideological prerequisite of now flourishing manipulative financial technologies. The author believes in the following two principal definitions: (1) economics is a science that studies the economic system, i.e. a system that creates and recombines value; (2) value is a measure of cost of the object. In our opinion, the value is the information cost measure. It should be added that a disclosure of the nature of this category is not an obligatory prerequisite of its introduction: methodologically, it is quite correct to postulate it a priori. The author concludes that the proposed definitions open the way not only to solve the problem of the measurement in economics, but also to address the issue of harmonizing macro- and microeconomics.

scholarly journals The Influence Of The Energy Factor On Modern International Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Mukhammadolim Mukhammadsidiqov ◽  
◽  
Abrar Turaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects

This article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem of energy security, which is becoming a topical geopolitical issue today. In particular, the interpretations of the concept of energy security, its transformation into a geopolitical factor and the structural elements of energy security are highlighted. The focus is on modern approaches and trends in energy security, as well as theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of regional aspects of energy security. At the same time, efforts will be made to reveal the scale of threats to energy security and the destructive factors that make energy security relevant, their impact on interstate relations and political destabilization. The article summarizes the author's definition of the concept of energy security.

scholarly journals APPLYING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MODEL TO THE STUFF LABOR MOTIVATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
S. I. Dobrydnev ◽  
T. S. Dobrydneva
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Methodological Feature ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Type Definition ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Motivation Model

The article appeals to the problem of designing motivation model for the labor behavior of company stuff. Human behavior is one of the key areas of research in many fields of knowledge. The main forms of human behavior in economics are consumer and labor behavior. For each of them, extensive theoretical and practical material has been developed, a significant variety of behaviors has been proposed. Moreover, in the absence of general models of human behavior that would be applicable in any field of his activity, each science develops its own methodological apparatus and builds models based on its own approaches. Models of consumer behavior describe a clearly defined object (purchasing act), are specific and practically oriented. Patterns of labour behaviour are more general and relate to conduct in general, but not to a specific act of activity. The article attempts to apply the principles of building models of consumer behavior to modeling labor behavior. The model of type “Definition of target actions — Stimulus selection — Information and desire — Choice and location — Check and preference — Confirmation and relation” is proposed. The content of these stages for the task of changing labor behavior is shown. A methodological feature of the model is the isolation of rational and emotional aspects in some elements of labor behavior.

Living beyond Our Psychological Means

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Yael Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Nation State

This chapter examines the bottom-up justification for the formation of the modern nation-state. It suggests that borderless states are dystopian, noting that in order to be democratic and promote justice, states must depend on a clear definition of territory and membership. The chapter elaborates how the borders and demarcation helped individuals define their identity, providing them with interpretive tools to decipher reality and make sense of their daily actions. It then explains the term human, human features, and identity. The chapter also explicates the need to belong to a cultural community, a nation, or any other particular group. It argues that it is an epistemological need for systems of interpretation that will allow us to understand the world and choose a way of life as well as a creative need for means of interpretation, exchange, and expression. Ultimately, the chapter assesses the negative effect of divided communities on human behavior.

Science and Identity in Social Work

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
John Brekke
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disciplinary Identity ◽  
Problems In Living ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter offers a definition of science that encompasses the interacting elements of theory, prediction, observation, and testing. The chapter also discusses disciplines and professions and their boundaries, capitalizing on the work of Abbott and Jacobs on interdisciplinarity. Disciplines are essential for science and learning, and interdisciplinarity is sometimes crucial to solving vexing problems in science—but “inter-” or “trans-” disciplinary work is only viable in the context of disciplines and disciplinary identity. A crucial linking construct in social work science is technology, which is the application of scientific knowledge to human life. In terms of identity, social work science has a dual focus on scientific understanding as well as on using and developing methods (technologies) for human behavior change on multiple levels. In many areas of society, the existence of scientific disciplines that merge with professions forms the nexus of understanding and technology for solving “problems in living.”

Methodological Issues in Using a Polydiagnostic Approach to Define Psychotic Illness

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Farmer ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
David Castle ◽  
Peter McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Clinical Judgement ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Definition Of

Although a polydiagnostic approach to the definition of psychotic disorder provides many advantages to the researcher, there are also disadvantages. A comparison between several different sets of operational criteria using the opcrit computer program on a consecutive series of 397 psychotic subjects is described. The results show that although current diagnostic procedures are generally reliable, such approaches can still only supplement skilled clinical judgement, and there remain many pitfalls for the unwary.

scholarly journals Methodological issues and prospects of semiotics of humour

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Gluscevskij
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epistemological Views

This article aims at proposing a way to identify humour by means of Greimassian semiotics and to single humour out as a unique object of semiotic analysis. Firstly, the article discusses the fundamental epistemological premises of semiotic text analysis through the analysis of texts by Greimas which were meant to further and legitimize his project of semiotics. Also, the already existing attempts at providing a semiotic definition of humour are critically evaluated while relating their problematic aspects with the implicitly defined field of semiotic interest. Finally, it is demonstrated that a productive semiotic description of a comic text is possible when the status quo epistemological views are revised and the traditional field of semiotic analyses is expanded accordingly.

Dominance runs deep

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Seen in its historical context, Mazur & Booth's (M&B's) target article may come to be viewed as a turning point in the study of the biological basis of human behavior in general, and dominance in particular. To facilitate further research, suggestions are offered for making the definition of dominance more precise. From an evolutionary point of view, the testosterone-dominance link may be as important in women as it is in men.

scholarly journals Medication development for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer disease: review and discussion of recent randomized clinical trial design

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soto ◽  
Sandrine Andrieu ◽  
Fati Nourhashemi ◽  
Pierre Jean Ousset ◽  
Clive Ballard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACTBackground:The management of disruptive neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) such as agitation and aggression (A/A) is a major priority in caring for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Few effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological options are available. Results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of drugs for A/A have been disappointing. This may result from the absence of biological efficacy for medications tested in treating A/A. It may also be related to methodological issues such as the choice of outcomes. The aim of this review was to highlight key methodological issues pertaining to RCTs of current and emerging medications for the treatment of A/A in AD.Methods:We searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for RCTs comparing medications with either placebo or other drugs in the treatment of A/A in AD, between January 2008 and December 2013.Results:We identified a total of 18 RCTs; of these, 11 were completed and 7 ongoing. Of the ongoing RCTs, only one is in Phase III. Seven of 10 completed RCTs with reported results did not report greater benefit from drug than placebo. Each of the completed RCTs used a different definition of “clinically significant A/A.” There was considerable heterogeneity in study design. The primary endpoints were largely proxy-based but a variety of scales were used. The definition of caregiver and scales used to assess caregiver outcomes were similarly heterogeneous. Placebo response was notable in all trials.Conclusions:This review highlights a great heterogeneity in RCTs design of drugs for A/A in AD and some key methodological issues such as definition of A/A, choice of outcome measures and caregiver participation that could be addressed by an expert consensus to optimize future trials design.

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