scholarly journals The Study on the Agricultural Trade Pattern Between China and Central and Eastern Europe Countries Under the “16 + 1” Cooperation Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Mengyang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade

AbstractThis article is based on the 2008-2017 data from the UN Merchandise Trade Database and analyzes the trade patterns of agricultural products between China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries in terms of trade competitiveness, complementarity and trade potential by using the index of revealed Comparative Advantage, the index of trade complementarity and the index of trade intensity. The results show that China and 16 countries are highly competitive in multi-chapter products, but there are significant differences in the export advantages of different countries’ agricultural products and strong trade complementarity, and the trade links between China and 16 countries are loose In the multi-chapter products have greater trade potential. China and the 16 central and eastern European countries should make full use of the “16 + 1” Cooperation Mechanism to expand bilateral agricultural trade.

scholarly journals Subnational actors in the relations between China and Central and Eastern European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Hongfei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Optimization And Upgrading ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Two Sides

While much discussion centres on China’s engagement with Central and Eastern European countries, few studies investigate the role of subnational actors in the relations between the two sides. This paper brings China’s cooperation with Central and Eastern European (CEECs) countries, centred around what is popularly known as the “16 + 1” mechanism. It aims to unravel the link between local governments and the “16 + 1” cooperation mechanism. Local governments’ external cooperation is a new attempt in China’s diplomatic layout. It argues that the exchanges between local governments are a useful supplement to the in-depth cooperation between the two sides, and the cooperation between the two sides has formed a relatively stable pattern. At present, it has entered the stage of an in-depth integration focusing on optimization and upgrading. The further development of local cooperation mainly depends on whether it can play a sufficient leading role in the economic development of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Long Jing
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The Covid-19 pandemic has given rise to an array of problems in cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries. Some items on the cooperation agenda have been delayed and people-to-people exchanges have come to a halt. The pandemic, notwithstanding, is a testament to the value and resilience of the “[Formula: see text]” framework and has presented an opportunity for both sides to identify new areas for future collaboration. In a post-pandemic world, China and Central and Eastern European countries will not only have to address the shortfalls and drawbacks in the current cooperation mechanism, but also firmly work together to deal with new challenges arising from the pandemic.

scholarly journals China’s Belt and Road Initiative Extension to Central and Eastern European Countries - Sixteen Nations, Five Summits, Many Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsela Musabelliu
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative proclaimed by President Xi in 2013, a strategy developed by the Chinese government, is very important to China but is not confined to China. In order for the initiative to be successful it needs to be embraced by the countries on the terrestrial and maritime route indicated in the plan. In the late 1980s Deng Xiaoping proposed to integrate Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (Zhongguo Tese Shehui Zhuyi, ) into global capitalism and in the 1990s the Jiang Zemin leadership initiated the Going out policy (Zouchuqu Zhanlue, ) – the current Belt and Road Initiative is China’s continuation in implementing those policies into actual deeds. China’s accession to WTO in 2001 marked China’s full integration into the global economy and since then the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has become the largest trading partner for more than 180 countries. The Xi-Li administration has been extremely proactive since it was established in 2012; from that year on, Chinese behavior in international affairs has gained an ever-growing role as a forger of economic and diplomatic ties between countries. The primary example of this behavior is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). As every serious foreign policy plan, the BRI is an accumulation of various other initiatives. For example, the cooperation mechanism “16+1”, with which the PRC has approached Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), can be integrated under the BRI. This paper analizes the “16+1” China-CEEC cooperation mechanism in the context of the bigger BRI initiative, and tries to comprehend the economic and political factors intertwined with its implementation.

scholarly journals Changes in the Czech agrarian foreign trade competitiveness – different groups of partners’ specifics  

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smutka Luboš ◽  
Maitah Mansoor ◽  
Svatoš Miroslav
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Merchandise Trade

The territorial and commodity structure of the Czech agrarian foreign trade underwent significant changes over the last fifteen years. These changes affected not only the structure, but also the value, volume, unit prices and competitiveness. The presented paper provides the basic overview of the individual significant changes. The main goal of the paper is to specify changes in the area of the Czech agrarian foreign trade competitiveness. This competitiveness is analysed not only in relation to global markets, but it is also analysed in relation to different groups of countries. Differences in competiveness are analysed in relation to the European Union (EU 28), the Commonwealth of Independent Countries, other European countries, the OECD members, and developing countries. In addition, competitiveness is also analysed in two specific dimensions. The agricultural market represents a very specific entity. However, the global merchandise trade is becoming more and more liberalized internationally and the regional agricultural markets are still being affected by a significant protectionism. The individual countries and certain clusters of countries are applying an intensive agricultural market protection. The result of these policies is a distortion of the agricultural trade. This distortion is also affecting the individual countries mutual competitiveness. While one country could be competitive in relation to one partner, in relation to other partner, the competitiveness could be limited. The paper clarifies and analyses the differences that exist in the competitiveness of the Czech agrarian trade in relation to the above mentioned groups of countries. The analysis is conducted utilizing the symmetric revealed comparative advantage index and the Lafay index, the Trade Balance index and the product mapping. The Czech agrarian trade territorial structure has become more concentrated, the commodity structure became more diversified. Czech trade is quite competitive especially in relation to the European countries, the competitiveness in relation to other territories is limited. The significant weakness of the Czech agrarian trade is its low ability to generate added value.  

scholarly journals Proposed Research on the Relationships Between Innovation Competitiveness and Export Competitiveness in Central and Eastern European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Marcin Salamaga
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: In the contemporary world, innovations are the driving force of economic development and new products, designs, trademarks and creative projects are of key importance to everyday economic decisions. Both economic theories and empirical research concern relations between innovations and foreign trade. This article belongs to this research trend and is devoted to an analysis of relations between innovations and export competitiveness in selected Central and Eastern European countries. Purpose: The paper is aimed at assessing the impact of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Research methodology: The paper contains an analysis with the use of standardised innovation competitiveness and export competitiveness indices. Countries and industry sectors are analysed in terms of the frequency of occurrence of these indices with various combinations of their signs. The impact of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness has been tested using dynamic models of panel data. Results: The conducted research indicates that technological advantage usually has a considerable positive impact on the trade competitiveness of Central and Eastern European countries but the strength of the impact depends on the branch of industry. Generally, the influence of technological competitiveness on trade competitiveness is stronger in highly and moderately technologically advanced industries than in industries characterised by low technological advancement. Novelty: The evaluation of the influence of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness in Central and Eastern European countries using standardised competitiveness indices and a dynamic model of panel data is an added value in the paper.

scholarly journals Is there a trade convergence between South East European and Central European economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (231) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Ivan Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
East European ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Trade Performance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Given the importance of trade performance to overall economic fundamentals, the question arises as to the extent that South East European Countries (SEEC) have successfully followed the successful transition path of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). To address this issue, we use similarity indicators to calculate possible convergence between the export structures of SEEC and CEEC from 2007-2008 to 2018-2019. We then compute the value of the similarity coefficients of SEEC and CEEC export structures and compare them with EU import structures, and intra-industry trade for both SEEC and CEEC. Next, we calculate the qualitative changes of both SEEC and CEEC merchandise trade through the tendency of technology-intensive products. The results of these two groups are compared to determine whether SEEC trade performance is converging to that of the CEEC. The results show structural improvements and an above-average increase in SEEC trade since 2007. However, given the simultaneous, moderate qualitative trade progress in the CEEC, the convergence between these two groups is insufficient to close the gap in the foreseeable future.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Marton ◽  
Attila Pandúr ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Krisztina Deutsch ◽  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
European Students ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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