scholarly journals Changes of strength and maximum power of lower extremities in adolescent handball players during a two-year training cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Górski ◽  
Michał Starczewski ◽  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Joanna Mazur-Różycka ◽  
Jan Gajewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate changes of strength and power of the lower extremities in adolescent handball players during a two-year training cycle. Thirty-one male handball players (age 16.0 ± 0.2 years, body mass 81.4 ± 9.7 kg, body height 188.2 ± 6.4 cm) took part in this study. All tests were conducted three times at the beginning of a one-year training programme. The maximum joint torque (JT) of flexors and extensors of the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and trunk was measured under static conditions. Power of lower extremities was assessed with a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test on a cycloergometer and jump tests: akimbo counter-movement jump (ACMJ), counter-movement jump (CMJ) and spike jump tests on a force plate. Peak power (PP) increased from 914.8 ± 93.9 to 970.0 ± 89.2 and 1037.8 ± 114.4 W (p < 0.05) following the RSA test results. Maximum power increased significantly (p < 0.05) in ACMJ (1951.9 ± 359.7 to 2141.9 ± 378.5 and 2268.5 ± 395.9 W) and CMJ tests (2646.3 ± 415.6 to 2831.2 ± 510.8 and 3064.6 ± 444.5 W). Although significant differences in JT (p < 0.05) were observed during the two year period, their values related to body mass for the lower right extremity, sum of the trunk and sum of all muscle groups increased significantly between the first and the second measurement (from 13.7 ± 1.8 to 14.58 ± 1.99 N·m·kg-1, from 9.3 ± 1.5 to 10.39 ± 2.16 N·m·kg-1, from 43.4 ± 5.2 to 46.31 ± 6.83 N·m·kg-1, respectively). The main finding of the study is that PP in the RSA test and maximal power in the ACMJ and CMJ increase in relation to training experience and age in the group of youth handball players.

scholarly journals Relationships between Body Build and Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Torque of Polish First-Division Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Artur Struzik ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Bogdan Pietraszewski
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Extensor Torque

The aim of the study is to identify the relationships between anthropometric variables and knee joint extensor peak torque, knee joint flexor peak torque, and conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio in Polish first-division soccer players. The study examined 37 soccer players aged 19 to 30 years (body mass: 76.8 ± 7.2 kg, body height 1.82 ± 0.06 m). Muscle torques of the knee joint were measured under isometric conditions using a Biodex 4 Pro dynamometer. The anthropometric variables such as body part lengths, breadths, and girths and skinfold thickness were measured. The strongest relationships of knee joint extensors were observed with body mass and variables describing skeleton size and lower-limb muscles. Regarding knee flexor torque, a significant relationship was found only with body mass. However, no significant relationships were observed between the conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio and the anthropometric variables studied. The regression analysis results identified body height, body mass, and thigh and calf girth as the features most associated with knee joint torque. However, anthropometric measurements do not provide full information about the torque proportions of antagonist muscle groups, which is very important for injury prevention. Therefore, measurements using special biomechanical equipment are also necessary for the comprehensive analyses and control of the effects of sports training.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and the prediction of throwing velocity in handball men young players

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Saavedra ◽  
Kristján Halldórsson ◽  
Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir ◽  
Sveinn Þorgeirsson ◽  
Geir Sveinsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
National Team ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Medicine Ball

The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyse anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and throwing velocity of handball male elite youth players of different ages; and (ii) to develop a multivariate model that explains throwing velocity. Fifty-three handball men players (17.99±1.68 years old), members of the Icelandic National Teams, participated in the study. The participants were classified into the U21 National Team (n=12), U19 National Team (n=17), and U17 National Team (n=24). All were evaluated by basic anthropometry (body height, body mass, body mass index), physical fitness tests (counter movement jump, medicine ball throw, hand dynamometry, 10 m and 30 m sprint, yo-yo IR2 test) and ball speed after various handball throws at goal (a 7-m throw, a 9-m ground shot after a three-step run-up, and a 9-m jump shot after a three-step approach). A one-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to establish the differences between the teams. Multiple linear regression was used to predict the speed of the ball from each of the three shots taken for each team. There were no differences between the U21 and U19 teams except for the medicine ball throw, but the U19 team scored better than the U17 team in almost all variables. Ball speed after a handball shot was predicted (between 22% and 70% of accuracy) with only one or two physical fitness variables in each model ‒ medicine ball throw (in four models), counter movement jump (in two models), and 10 m sprint (in two models), being the variables that were most selective.

scholarly journals The Explosive Power And Speed Abilities Of Lower Extremities Of Young Basketball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gallová ◽  
Ladislava Doležajová ◽  
Anton Lednický ◽  
Kestutis Matulaitis ◽  
Mitja Bračič
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Explosive Power

SummaryThe authors compared selected somatic data and test results in 20 m sprint and countermovement jump (CJM) of 14-year-old Lithuanian players from Sabonis Center (LT, n=143; body height: 173.7 ± 8.99 cm; body mass: 59.30 ± 11.40 kg), and Slovenian (SLO, n=84; body height: 172.8 ± 9.96 cm; body mass: 60.10 ± 12.49 kg) and Slovak national team players (SVK, n=42, body height: 177.5 ± 9.07 cm; body mass: 63.32 ± 11.36 kg). The SVK players were divided into the narrow pick (A-team, n=16) and broader roster (B-team, n=26). Within the SVK groups, significant differences between the A-team and B-team have been found in terms of body height (p<0.05) and body mass measurements (p<0.01), and in the test 20 m sprint (p<0.05). In CMJ results, the differences of the A-team and B-team have not been statistically significant. In the international comparison SVK players were taller than SLO and LT players (p <0.05). In the test 20 m sprint SVK players have achieved significantly better results (LT p <0.05, SLO p <0.01). On the contrary, in CMJ test the results (height of the jump) of SVK players were significantly worse than SLO and LT players (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Mechanical Analysis of the Acute Effects of a Heavy Resistance Exercise Warm-Up on Agility Performance in Court-Sport Athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sole ◽  
Gavin L. Moir ◽  
Shala E. Davis ◽  
Chad A. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on agility performance in court-sport athletes. Five men (age: 20.6 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 79.36 ± 11.74 kg; body height: 1.93 ± 0.09 m) and five women (age 21.2 ± 2.7 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 10.18 kg; body height 1.77 ± 0.08 m) volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects were NCAA Division II athletes who currently participated in tennis or basketball and all had previous resistance training experience of at least one year. In a counterbalanced design, agility performance during a 10 m shuttle test was assessed following either a dynamic warm-up (DW) or heavy resistance warm-up (HRW) protocol. The HRW protocol consisted of three sets of squats at 50, 60, and 90% of 1-RM. Agility performance was captured using an eight camera motion analysis system and the mechanical variables of stride length, stride frequency, stance time, flight time, average ground reaction force, as well as agility time were recorded. No significant differences were reported for the HRW and DW protocols for any of the mechanical variables (p>0.05), although there was a trend towards the HRW protocol producing faster agility times compared to the control protocol (p = 0.074). Based on the trend towards a significant effect, as well as individual results it is possible that HRW protocols could be used as an acute method to improve agility performance in some court-sport athletes.

scholarly journals Anthropometric profile of female handball players is related to bone mineral density

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-306
Author(s):  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Michał Górski ◽  
Jan Gajewski ◽  
Krzysztof Buśko
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of a wide range of anthropometric parameters with BMD in normal-weight women: handball players and healthy untrained students. Thirteen former female handball players, (age 21.2±0.9 years, body mass 64.2±6.1 kg, training experience 6.7±2.4 years) and 51 randomly selected untrained students (age 20.6±1.2 years, body mass 58.1±6.8 kg), were examined. The anthropometric measurements included 16 variables. BMD was measured on the radius of the non-dominant hand at distal and proximal points with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), using a Norland pDEXA densitometer. Relationships between BMD and anthropometric variables were assessed in 64 normal-weight women (BMI≥18.5 and ≤ 24.99 kg/m2), by calculating Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. We found a significant positive relationship between bone mass characteristics and biacromial breadth (0.30-0.53), calf (0.28-0.47) and arm (0.27-0.42) girth corrected, and lean body mass (LBM) (kg) (0.38-0.61) and (%) (0,27) in the group of normal-weight women. The student groups were significantly different (analysis of variance with Scheffé post hoc test, p<0.001) in BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) and Z-score at both measured points. The former handball players were also characterized by higher body mass and LBM (kg), as well as corrected body girths and biacromial breadth (p<0.001), compared to untrained students. The groups did not differ significantly in body height or total fat. The morphological profile of the female handball players is conducive to BMD. Skeletal characteristics and muscle tissue had a significant beneficial effect on bone mineral characteristics in young women with normal weight.

scholarly journals Digit ratio (2D:4D): relationship with freestyle swimming performance of adolescent well-trained swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
G. Özen ◽  
Ö. Atar ◽  
H. Koç
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between the digit ratios and freestyle swimming performance of adolescent well-trained swimmers. Material and Methods: Twenty-two well-trained male swimmers who had at least 3 years of swim training experience were recruited as participants. The participants’ mean age was 14.1±1.5 years, body height was 164.5±11.3 cm, and body mass was 54.4±11.2 kg. Participants’ body height, mass, index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) lengths were measured and digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index of participants was calculated. To determine the swimming performance of participants, the short (50m and 100m) and middle (200m and 400m) distance freestyle time-trial swimming tests were performed on participants. The association between the 2D:4D ratio and the swimming performance were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. Our findings indicated that there were strong negative correlations (r > .50) between the mean of BMI and swimming times of adolescent swimmers. ( p > .05 ). However, result of this study revealed no relationship between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and swimming performance in adolescent swimmers. ( p > .05 ). Conclusion. As a result, it may be stated that the 2D:4D ratio of swimmers is not a major parameter in predicting swimming performance for adolescent swimmers.

scholarly journals The Existence of a Sticking Region in Free Weight Squats

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Free Weight

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the sticking region in two legged free weight squats. Fifteen resistance-training males (age 24 ± 4 years, body mass 82 ± 11 kg, body height 179 ± 6 cm) with 6 ± 3 years of resistance-training experience performed 6-RM in free weight squats. The last repetition was analyzed for the existence of a sticking region. Only in 10 out of 15 participants a sticking region was observed. The observed sticking region was much shorter than in the bench press. Furthermore, rectus femoris decreased the EMG activity in contrast to increased EMG activity in biceps femoris around the sticking and surrounding region. No significant change in EMG activity was found for the lateral and medial vastus muscles. It is suggested that a combination of these muscle activity changes could be one of the causes of the existence of the sticking region in free weight squats

scholarly journals Postural sway in young female artistic and acrobatic gymnasts according to training experience and anthropometric characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Opala-Berdzik ◽  
Magdalena Głowacka ◽  
Grzegorz Juras
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Centre Of Foot Pressure ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Postural Steadiness ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Visual Conditions

Abstract Background Gymnastics training enhances the development of postural control in children and adolescents. In competitive gymnastics, the training regimen is specific to the given gymnastic discipline and is usually followed from the early years of practicing. This study aimed to determine whether postural steadiness differed between young gymnasts practicing two distinct disciplines, and whether it was related to the duration of their training experience, age, and their anthropometric characteristics. Methods Thirty 10–13-year-old females ̶ ten artistic gymnasts, ten acrobatic gymnasts (training as “tops”), and ten non-athletes ̶ were examined during 60-s quiet standing trials on a force platform with the eyes open and closed. Their postural sway was represented by directional components of centre of foot pressure mean velocity. Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and Spearman’s ρ tests were used for analyses. Results Anterior-posterior and medial-lateral centre of foot pressure mean velocities were not different between the artistic and acrobatic gymnasts (p > 0.05). In the artistic gymnasts, the duration of training experience, age, body height, body mass, and maturity offset were negatively correlated with the anterior-posterior centre of foot pressure mean velocity under eyes-open conditions. The acrobatic gymnasts’ body mass and BMI percentiles were negatively correlated with their anterior-posterior and medial-lateral centre of foot pressure mean velocities under both visual conditions (r ranged from − 0.64 to − 0.93; p < 0.05). The non-athletes’ centre of foot pressure mean velocities were non-significantly correlated with their age and anthropometric measures under both visual conditions (p > 0.05). Conclusions The artistic gymnasts’ longer training experience, greater age, body height, body mass, and biological maturity were associated with better anterior-posterior postural steadiness when vision was available; the acrobatic gymnasts’ greater body mass and BMI percentiles were associated with better overall postural steadiness regardless of visual conditions. Relationships were observed between postural steadiness and discipline-specific training experience and anthropometric characteristics; however, causes and effects were not proven.

scholarly journals Somatotype and body composition of volleyball players and untrained female students – reference group for comparison in sport

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Krzysztof Buśko ◽  
Ewa Kalka
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Volleyball Players

Abstract There is substantial evidence that somatotype and success in sport and physical performance are positively related. Existing somatotype data on athletes are useful as guidelines for sport selection and choice of training appropriate to the enhancement of desired somatotype characteristics. Updated somatotype data from non-athlete reference groups complement comparative analysis applied in assessing the effects of the training process and selection. The aim of this study was to determine the somatotype of untrained girls studying at Warsaw University of Technology in 2011, in order to create a current reference group for comparison, and to investigate the difference in body build of female volleyball players compared with the non-athlete group. Twelve Second Division female volleyball players (age 21.6±1.5 years, body height 177.3±6.2 cm, body mass 71.0±6.5 kg, training experience 8.4±3.4 years) and 150 female untrained students of the University of Technology in Warsaw (age 20.0±6.4 years, body height 166.5±6.4 cm, body mass 59.7±8.4 kg) participated in a study carried out in 2011. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. The volleyball players were a little older and were significantly taller and heavier than female students (p<0.05). Significant differences between the groups were found in breadth of the elbow, breadth of the wrist, biacromial diameter, arm circumference and crus circumference (p<0.05). The mean somatotype of the volleyball players was 4.5-3.4-2.8. (4.5±1.0-3.4±1.2-2.8±1.3), whilst that of the untrained students was 5.1-3.6-2.8. (5.1±1.4-3.6±1.1-2.8±1.3); the groups did not differ significantly in somatotype. The groups were significantly different in body composition (F [kg] and LBM [kg]), as estimated by BIA and anthropometric methods (p<0.05). No differences were observed between the groups in the skinfolds. Morphological characteristics of the female volleyball players depended on the competition level and performance. Somatic features of the bodies of the volleyball players were dominated by the height of the body and the associated magnitude of the constituent characteristics.

scholarly journals Transference of Traditional Versus Complex Strength and Power Training to Sprint Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu Loturco ◽  
Valmor Tricoli ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Fabio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Training Models

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different strength-power training models on sprint performance. Forty-eight soldiers of the Brazilian brigade of special operations with at least one year of army training experience were divided into a control group (CG: n = 15, age: 20.2 ± 0.7 years, body height: 1.74 ± 0.06 m, and body mass: 66.7 ± 9.8 kg), a traditional training group (TT: n = 18, age: 20.1 ± 0.7 years, body height: 1.71 ± 0.05 m, and body mass: 64.2 ± 4.7 kg), and a complex training group (CT: n = 15, age: 20.3 ± 0.8 years, body height: 1.71 ± 0.07 m; and body mass: 64.0 ± 8.8 kg). Maximum strength (25% and 26%), CMJ height (36% and 39%), mean power (30% and 35%) and mean propulsive power (22% and 28%) in the loaded jump squat exercise, and 20-m sprint speed (16% and 14%) increased significantly (p<0.05) following the TT and CT, respectively. However, the transfer effect coefficients (TEC) of strength and power performances to 20-m sprint performance following the TT were greater than the CT throughout the 9-week training period. Our data suggest that TT is more effective than CT to improve sprint performance in moderately trained subjects.

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