scholarly journals Relationships Between Measures of Functional and Isometric Lower Body Strength, Aerobic Capacity, Anaerobic Power, Sprint and Countermovement Jump Performance in Professional Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Michał Boraczyński ◽  
Tomasz Boraczyński ◽  
Robert Podstawski ◽  
Zbigniew Wójcik ◽  
Piotr Gronek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess a wide range of physiological and performance variables and investigate whether and to what extent these variables are associated with each other in soccer. Twenty-five male soccer players (25.1 ± 4.56 years; body mass, 75.2 ± 5.92 kg; body height, 180.6 ± 5.45 cm) performed: 5- and 30-m sprints (T5m and T30m, respectively), 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) half squat, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors, countermovement jump (CMJ) to obtain vertical jump height (CMJheight) and power output (CMJpower), the 10-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) to obtain peak power (Pmax), and the 20-m multi-stage shuttle run test (MST) to evaluate aerobic capacity. 1RM, MVIC, and Pmax were normalized to body mass. Large negative correlations were found between sprint times and 1RM half back squat/BM (r = -0.510 to -0.570, r2 = 0.260–0.325, both p < 0.01) and Pmax/BM (r = -0.501, r2 = 0.251, p < 0.01). T30m most strongly and negatively correlated with CMJheight (r = -0.744, r2 = 0.554, p < 0.001). WAnT-determined Pmax showed a very large correlation between absolute Pmax and knee-extensor MVIC (r = 0.827, r2 = 0.684, p < 0.001) and large correlations between absolute Pmax and 1RM half squat (r = 0.674, r2 = 0.454, p < 0.001) and CMJpower (r = 0.579, r2 = 0.335, p < 0.01). We also identified a large inverse relationship between CMJheight and T30m (r = -0.744, r2 = 0.554, p < 0.001) and large positive correlation between CMJheight and MVIC/BM (r = 0.702, p < 0.001). The results demonstrate that elite soccer players with greater lower body strength (quantified by the MVIC of the knee extensor and the 1RM half squat) show better sprint and CMJ performance, suggesting the incorporation of soccer-specific resistance training to develop lower body musculature and therefore maximize sprinting ability. The higher correlation coefficients found between T30m and the physiological and athletic measures compared with T5m promote the use of this sprint distance when assessing performance. The use of relative measures (normalized to body mass) is advisable when comparing strength variables with sprint and CMJ performance or anaerobic power. Considering the correlations of WAnT-determined Pmax versus CMJpower, coaches should administer tests that assess jumping and linear sprint performance rather than the cycling-specific WAnT.

A Descriptive Study of Lower-Body Strength and Power in Overweight Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Nuzzo ◽  
Michael J. Cavill ◽  
N. Travis Triplett ◽  
Jeffrey M. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Body Strength

The primary purpose of this investigation was to provide a descriptive analysis of lower-body strength and vertical jump performance in overweight male (n = 8) and female (n = 13) adolescents. Maximal strength was tested in the leg press and isometric squat. Kinetic and kinematic variables were assessed in vertical jumps at various loads. When compared with females, males demonstrated significantly greater (p ≤ .05) absolute maximal strength in the leg press. However, when maximal strength was expressed relative to body mass, no significant difference was observed. There were no significant differences between males and females in vertical jump performance at body mass.

Relationships between balance and physical fitness variables in firefighter recruits

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-677
Author(s):  
Rudi A. Marciniak ◽  
Kyle T. Ebersole ◽  
David J. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Lower Body Strength

BACKGROUND: Research has suggested that balance ability contributes to musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) rates in firefighters. Though the Y-Balance Test (YBT) can predict injury, it is unclear what physical measures inform YBT performance in firefighters. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge regarding best practice for improving balance in firefighters. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the YBT and fitness measures, including body composition, aerobic capacity, functional total-body power, upper and lower-body strength, and movement efficiency, among firefighters. METHODS: Dynamic balance (YBT), body mass index (BMI), body-fat percentage (BF%), fat free mass (FFM), aerobic capacity (VO2max), stair climb (SC), upper (1RMbench) and lower-body (1RMsquat) strength, and Fusionetics™ Movement Efficiency Screen (ME) measures were collected among 35 firefighter recruits. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between YBT and the performance measures. RESULTS: Dynamic balance ability in firefighter recruits is significantly (p < 0.05) related to BMI, lower-body strength, and movement quality, but not with aerobic capacity, stair climb performance, and upper body strength. CONCLUSIONS: Greater YBT performance in firefighter recruits is associated with lower BMI, greater functional movement, and greater lower-body strength. Future research is warranted to incorporate these elements into balance training programs for firefighter recruits.

scholarly journals The anthropometric and physical qualities of women’s rugby league Super League and international players; identifying differences in playing position and standard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Scantlebury ◽  
Sam McCormack ◽  
Thomas Sawczuk ◽  
Stacey Emmonds ◽  
Neil Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Power ◽  
Super League

Participation in women's rugby league has been growing since the foundation of the English women's rugby league Super League in 2017. However, the evidence base to inform women's rugby league remains sparse. This study provides the largest quantification of anthropometric and physical qualities of women's rugby league players to date, identifying differences between positions (forwards & backs) and playing standard (Women's Super League [WSL] vs. International). The height, weight, body composition, lower body strength, jump height, speed and aerobic capacity of 207 players were quantified during the pre-season period. Linear mixed models and effects sizes were used to determine differences between positions and standards. Forwards were significantly (p < 0.05) heavier (forwards: 82.5 ± 14.8kg; backs: 67.7 ± 9.2kg) and have a greater body fat % (forwards: 37.7 ± 6.9%; backs: 30.4 ± 6.3%) than backs. Backs had significantly greater lower body power measured via jump height (forwards: 23.5 ± 4.4cm; backs: 27.6 ± 4.9cm), speed over 10m (forwards: 2.12 ± 0.14s; backs: 1.98 ± 0.11s), 20m (forwards: 3.71 ± 0.27s; backs: 3.46 ± 0.20s), 30m (forwards: 5.29 ± 0.41s; backs: 4.90 ± 0.33s), 40m (forwards: 6.91 ± 0.61s; backs: 6.33 ± 0.46s) and aerobic capacity (forwards: 453.4 ± 258.8m; backs: 665.0 ± 298.2m) than forwards. Additionally, international players were found to have greater anthropometric and physical qualities in comparison to their WSL counterparts. This study adds to the limited evidence base surrounding the anthropometric and physical qualities of elite women’s rugby league players. Comparative values for anthropometric and physical qualities are provided which practitioners may use to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of players, informing training programs to prepare players for the demands of women's rugby league.

scholarly journals Relationship of Absolute and Relative Lower-Body Strength to Predictors of Athletic Performance in Collegiate Women Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Andersen ◽  
Robert Lockie ◽  
J. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
T Test ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Division Ii

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between absolute and relative lower-body strength on predictors of athletic performance among Division II collegiate women’s soccer players. Archived pre-season testing data for seventeen (n = 17) female National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division II soccer players were analyzed, including: vertical jump, 3RM back squat, 505-agility, modified T-test, 10 m and 30 m sprint, and 20 m multistage fitness test (20 m MSFT). Relative strength was calculated based on the estimated 1RM back squat divided by the athlete’s body mass. Significant correlations were discovered between absolute lower-body strength and 505-agility (Right: r = −0.51, p < 0.05; Left: r = −0.59, p < 0.05), modified T-test (r = −0.55, p < 0.05), 10 m and 30 m (r = −0.59, p < 0.05; r = −0.54, p < 0.05), and sprint performance. Relative lower-body strength showed significant correlations with vertical jump (r = 0.54, p < 0.05), 505-agility (Right: r = −0.58, p < 0.05; Left: r = −0.67, p < 0.01), modified T-test (r = −0.75, p < 0.01), 10 m and 30 m (r = −0.59 p < 0.05; r = −0.67, p < 0.01), and the 20 m MSFT (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). These results indicate that strength and conditioning coaches should emphasize the development of absolute and relative lower-body strength with their players to improve power, agility, and speed performance.

scholarly journals Comparing periodised protocols for the maintenance of strength and power in resistance-trained women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Lian Yee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Training Programmes

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of daily undulating periodisation (DUP) and session undulating periodisation (SUP) for maintaining strength and power over a 3-wk period in a group of resistance-trained women.  DUP comprised one session each of strength and power training while DUP combined both strength and power training within each session.  Both training programmes were equalised for training volume and intensity.  Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained women were pre-tested for body mass, mid-arm and mid-thigh girths, one-repetition maximum (1 RM) dynamic squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), and  power during countermovement jumps (CMJ) and bench press throws (BPT). The 1 RM SQ and BP data were used to assign the participants into groups for twice a week training.  Results:  A two-way (group x time) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures for time found no significant changes in body mass, mid-arm girth, 1 RM BP and SQ, and BPT and CMJ power for both groups.  However, significant changes in mid-thigh girth were found (F1, 13 = 5.733, p = 0.032). Pooled BP data indicated improved upper body strength (BP: F1, 13 = 6.346, p = 0.025) and decreased CMJ power (p = 0.016).  Conclusions:  Both DUP and SUP programmes increased upper-body strength and maintained lower-body strength adequately across a 3-wk phase probably because the participants were weaker in the upper-body and the lower-body had a reduced capacity for strength adaptations and improvements.

scholarly journals Condición física, composición corporal y rendimiento académico en niños/as con sobrepeso/obesidad

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
M.A. Ortega Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preadolescent Children ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Objetivos: Se ha sugerido que la condición física y el sobrepeso están relacionados con el rendimiento académico. Este estudio examinó la asociación entre indicadores de masa corporal, masa grasa y condición física sobre el rendimiento académico, en niños/as preadolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Método: 19 niños/as preadolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Estudio transversal en el que se evaluaron el IMC, IMG, la capacidad aeróbica (test de 20 m), VO2max mediante un test de laboratorio y estimado indirectamente a partir del test de 20 m, fuerza muscular, velocidad-agilidad y el rendimiento académico, a través de la Batería III Woodcock – MuñozTM. Resultados: el rendimiento académico total se relacionó con la capacidad aeróbica, el VO2max, la fuerza del tren inferior y la velocidad-agilidad. La capacidad aeróbica fue asociada con la lectura y destrezas académicas. La fuerza del tren inferior y la velocidad-agilidad con la lectura, las matemáticas y las destrezas académicas. La composición corporal no tuvo asociación. Objectives: It has been suggested that physical condition and being overweight are related to academic performance. This study examined the association between indicators of body mass, fat mass and physical condition on academic performance in overweight / obese preadolescent children. Method: 19 overweight / obese preadolescent children. Cross-sectional study in which BMI, IMG, aerobic capacity (20 m test), VO2max were evaluated through a laboratory test and indirectly estimated from the 20 m test, muscle strength, speed-agility and academic performance, through Woodcock III Battery – MuñozTM. Results: Total academic performance was related to aerobic capacity, VO2max, lower body strength and speed-agility. Aerobic capacity was associated with reading and academic skills. Lower body strength and speed-agility with reading, math, and academic skills. Body composition had no association.

Factors That Affect Selection of Elite Women’s Sculling Crews

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent W. Lawton ◽  
John B. Cronin ◽  
Michael R. McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Rowing Ergometry

Purpose:There is no common theory on criteria to appropriately select crew rowers in pursuit of small performance gains. The purpose of this study was to establish whether anthropometry, rowing ergometry, or lower body strength were suitable criteria to identify differences between selected and nonselected sculling crews.Method:Twelve elite women performed a 2000-m ergometer time trial and a 5-repetition leg-press dynamometer test, were anthropometrically profiled, and participated in on-water national crew seat-racing trials. Log-transformed data were analyzed to compare percent (± SD) and standardized differences in group means (ES; ±90% confidence interval [CI]) between selected and nonselected oarswomen, with adjustments for body mass where appropriate.Results:Selected crew boats were 4.60% ± 0.02% faster and won by an average margin of 13.5 ± 0.7 s over 1500 m. There were no differences between crews on average in height, arm span, seated height, body mass, or 8-site skinfold sum (body fat). Difference in 2000-m ergometer times were also trivial (ES = 0.2, 90%CI = −0.6 to 1.1, P = .63); however, selected crews had moderately greater leg-press strength (ES = 1.1, 90%CI = 0.3−1.9, P = .03).Conclusion:Selected oarswomen with comparable anthropometry and 2000-m ergometer ability had greater lower body strength. Coaches of elite oarswomen might consider leg strength as part of crew-selection criteria, given acceptable on-water boatmanship and attainment of 2000-m ergometer benchmarks.

scholarly journals Assessment of Lower Body and Abdominal Strength in Professional Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Michaelides ◽  
Koulla M. Parpa ◽  
Anthos I. Zacharia
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Abdominal Strength

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate abdominal strength in professional soccer players and compare the findings to their lower body strength. An observational design was used to examine abdominal and lower body strength using two functional performance tests (a lower body isokinetic test and an isometric abdominal test, respectively). One hundred and thirty-two professional male soccer players from Cyprus’s first and second divisions participated in this study. Testing included three and twenty-five maximal concentric flexion and extension repetitions at angle speeds of 60°/s (degrees/second) and 300°/s, respectively. On a separate occasion, participants completed two trials on an isometric device (ABTEST Gen. 3 system) for evaluation of abdominal strength. At both isokinetic speeds of 300°/s and 60°/s, abdominal strength had low to moderate significant correlations (p < .05) with quadriceps and hamstring strength. Coefficients of determination (R2) demonstrated that the variability in isokinetic variables accounted for only 14-16% of the variability of abdominal strength. Abdominal strength appears to be high in professional soccer players, but is not dependent on the sports level and/or a playing position. The results of this study demonstrate that abdominal strength and knee joint strength need to be evaluated separately.

scholarly journals The Importance of Lower Body Strength and Power for Future Success in Professional Men’s Basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Čabarkapa ◽  
Andrew C. Fry ◽  
Michael T. Lane ◽  
Andrea Hudy ◽  
Patricia R. Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Load Spectrum ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Few Data

Heavy resistance exercise is often prescribed for collegiate basketball players to enhance game performance, but few data are available concerning the transference of lower body strength and power to the opportunity to play professionally after college. This study investigated if lower body muscular power and strength measures obtained during the barbell squat are related to future professional playing opportunities. The data was collected over a seven year period from a collegiate men’s basketball program (n=37; X±SD, age=20.0±1.4 yrs, hgt=1.98±0.09 m, bw=94.5±11.8 kg). Lower body strength was determined from 1 repetition maximum (1RM) tests of the parallel high-bar squat. Maximum lower body squat power was determined from speed squat testing across a load spectrum (30-90% 1RM) while an external tethered dynamometer or a 3-D video motion capture system quantified barbell power. Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc, Spearman ρ correlations, and Cohen’s D effect sizes were used to analyze the results. Subjects who subsequently played in the NBA or in professional leagues elsewhere had greater lower body strength and power. This was mainly attributed to their greater body mass, since strength and power relative to body mass was not different between the groups. Even without statistically significant differences, effect sizes consistently indicated moderate to large differences between the NBA and other professional groups when compared to those who did not play professionally. Regardless, lower body strength and power were related to post-collegiate playing opportunities, with greater values related to higher levels of professional play.

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