scholarly journals How do Romanian Youths Fare in Their Journey from School to Work?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Adrian Oţoiu ◽  
Emilia Țiţan
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
School To Work ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract The paper attempts to present a comprehensive picture of the main characteristics of Romanian university-educated youths in their journey to employment. The persisting demographic decline and significant labor shortages point out to the importance of having an effective transition from school to work (as reflected in several Europe 2020 policy targets) so that youth and young adult cohorts are able to contribute to the Romanian economy to the full extent of their abilities. Analysis of the latest data available reveals that Romanian university graduates’ path to employment often involves a complete switch from study to work. Despite a lack of previous work experience, they enjoy high employment rates, relatively long job tenure that starts on, or shortly after, graduation, and have jobs that match their education. They also tend to be proactive in their job search and over 90% are not willing to change residence in order to start employment. Inactivity patterns that consider both work and education, and early leavers from education show significant fluctuations during the economic cycle. Results indicate the strong and weak areas with respect to labor market integration of youths and young adults, and can provide a starting point for policies to optimize their successful integration. It also points out to potential research areas to address key aspects of transitions from school to work that may clarify unsolved issues and guide effective policy interventions.

The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

Bringing SMEs to the University

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Tved Linde
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

This paper addresses the difficulties that a university has to overcome if it is to interact successfully with firms and other organizations in its region. Various means of overcoming these difficulties are described. Involving small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in university–industry cooperative activities is, however, especially problematic. The author argues that this can be achieved in a relatively simple way by the construction of networks organized around a university's core research areas. She describes and assesses the practical experiences arising from Aalborg University's implementation of a number of such networks, highlighting the benefits to SMEs and key aspects of the administrative structure that have ensured its success.

scholarly journals Double Jeopardy: How Refugees Fare in One European Labor Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Lens ◽  
Ive Marx ◽  
Sunčica Vujić
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Labor Market Access ◽  
First Job ◽  
Work Histories ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

AbstractThis paper examines the labor market trajectories of refugees who arrived in Belgium between 1999 and 2009. Belgium offers a relatively easy formal labor market access to refugees and other types of migrants but they face many other barriers in this strongly regulated and institutionalized labor market. Based on a longitudinal dataset that links respondents’ information from the Belgian Labor Force Survey with comprehensive social security data on their work histories, we estimate discrete-time hazard models to analyze refugees’ entry into and exit out of the first employment spell, contrasting their outcomes with family and labor migrants of the same arrival cohort. The analysis shows that refugees take significantly longer to enter their first employment spell as compared with other migrant groups. They also run a greater risk of exiting out of their first employment spell (back) into social assistance and into unemployment. The low employment rates of refugees are thus not only due to a slow integration process upon arrival, but also reflect a disproportional risk of exiting the labor market after a period in work. Our findings indicate that helping refugees into a first job is not sufficient to ensure labor market participation in the long run, because these jobs may be short-lived. Instead, our results provide clear arguments in favor of policies that support sustainable labor market integration.

Effectiveness of a Job Search Training Program for Youth With Visual Impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cmar ◽  
Michele C. McDonnall
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Search Training ◽  
And Behavior

Early work experiences predict future employment for youth with visual impairments, particularly when youth find jobs independently, but research has not supported the efficacy of sponsored work for this population. The most effective work experience programs include additional components such as job search assistance, and job search interventions are effective at improving employment outcomes. Thus, we conducted a quasi-experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of adding job search training to a summer work experience program with 42 youth with visual impairments. Intervention group youth significantly increased job search knowledge and behavior compared with comparison group youth, and both groups increased in job search self-efficacy. Although additional research is needed, this study provides initial evidence of the job search program’s effectiveness.

Cultural Diversity in Psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Chambers ◽  
Mary Guerriero Austrom ◽  
Ryan Harris ◽  
Danielle Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Manage Care ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Aspects

This purpose of this review is to provide general guidelines to practicing psychiatrists and psychologists on cultural diversity in the discipline. Diversity and mental health is a complex topic in a complex discipline, and our goal is to contribute to an understanding of how cultural identity affects our work. This review does not explicitly state how to treat any one cultural group. Rather, it is a tool for psychiatrists and other mental health providers to begin a sensitive and helpful conversation with patients of all backgrounds and a way to explore their own cultural identities. As our nation becomes increasingly diverse, providers are expected to understand how a patient’s cultural identity impacts the presenting problem and, ultimately, treatment. In addition, an ever-present opportunity remains for mental health professionals to explore their own cultural identity and how it may be involved in conscious and unconscious biases, which, in turn, also impact how they interpret, treat, and manage care. We explore key aspects of diversity with the goal of cultivating a deeper level of insight and awareness among psychiatrists in training and those currently in practice when caring for patients with diverse backgrounds. The guidelines offer a starting point toward delivering culturally competent care and, coupled with a commitment to lifelong learning from psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, can help minimize the stigma of traditionally marginalized groups.  This review contains 7 tables, and 67 references.  Key words: aging, diversity, LGBTQ, psychiatry, race, religion 

A Theory for Enterprise Coherence Governance

2014 ◽  
pp. 150-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Wagter ◽  
Henderik A. Proper ◽  
Dirk Witte
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Project Failures ◽  
It Support ◽  
Key Aspects

In this chapter, the authors pose a theory for the governance of enterprise coherence. The proposed theory consists of three key ingredients: an Enterprise Coherence-governance Assessment (ECA), an Enterprise Coherence Framework (ECF), and an Enterprise Coherence Governance (ECG) approach. The ECA provides an explicit indication of the degree at which an organisation governs its coherence, while also providing a base to achieve a shared understanding of the level of coherence, and actions needed to improve it. The ECF is a practice-based framework that enables enterprises to make the coherence between key aspects, such as business, finance, culture, IT, etc. explicit. The ECG approach offers the instruments to guard/improve the level of coherence in enterprises during transformations. An important trigger to develop this new theory was the observation that many transformation projects fail. These failures even included projects that used an explicit enterprise architecture to steer the transformation. The theory was developed as part of the GEA (General Enterprise Architecting) research programme, involving twenty client organizations. Based on a survey of the possible causes for the project failures, the requirements for the research programme are identified. In developing the theory on enterprise coherence, the following hypothesis is used as a starting point: the overall performance of an enterprise is positively influenced by a strong coherence among the key aspects of the enterprise, including business processes, organizational culture, product portfolio, human resources, information systems, IT support, etc. The research programme uses a combination of design science-based iterations and case study-based research to develop and iterate the theory for enterprise coherence governance. In this chapter, the authors also discuss one of the conducted (real world) case studies, showing the application of the enterprise coherence theory.

Integration of Work-Based Learning Into Higher Education for Economic Development in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-190
Author(s):  
Ifeoma C. Iyioke ◽  
Ike V. Iyioke ◽  
Joseph C. Ezemma
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Graduate Employability

Work-based learning (WBL) has a long history in higher education in Nigeria. The current WBL programs are the Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) and the Graduate Internship (GI). They are sponsored by the federal government with the aim to improve employment outcomes. However, there is still a gross mismatch between the skills of graduates and the demands of employers. This chapter analyzes why the WBL programs in Nigeria have yet not been successful, and suggests alternatives. The analysis reveals a dysfunctional job placement process as a primary barrier and suggests consolidating the SIWES and GI into one school-to-work program, based upon the Graduate Employability Skill Development (GESD) model, along with strategies to improve the development, management, and quality assurance of placement. The chapter concludes by underscoring the integration and effective management of WBL at all levels of education, including continuing education as an important and realistic approach that Nigeria should strive for to attain economic development.

Ethical Theories and Teaching Engineering Ethics

2015 ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Pritchard ◽  
Elaine E. Englehardt
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

As an area of academic study, engineering ethics focuses primarily on practical ethical issues. A primary aim of the study of practical ethics is to help students make good ethical decisions in whatever practical endeavors they may undertake, including in their chosen careers. The authors argue that reflection on the sorts of ethical problems that arise in engineering practice should be the starting point, with ethical theory coming into view primarily in this context. This is in contrast to a more “top-down” approach that tries to “apply” theory to practice only after laying out a spectrum of philosophically grounded theories, each of which attempts to give us a comprehensive picture of ethics, as such.

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