The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

scholarly journals Ethnicity and Conflict: An Empirical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1310-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Esteban ◽  
Laura Mayoral ◽  
Debraj Ray
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Distribution ◽  
Conflict Intensity ◽  
Country Specific

We examine empirically the impact of ethnic divisions on conflict, by using a specification based on Esteban and Ray (2011). That theory links conflict intensity to three indices of ethnic distribution: polarization, fractionalization, and the Gini-Greenberg index. The empirical analysis verifies that these distributional measures are significant correlates of conflict. These effects persist as we introduce country-specific measures of group cohesion and of the importance of public goods, and combine them with the distributional measures exactly as described by the theory. (JEL D63, D74, J15, O15, O17)

scholarly journals Empirical study of relation measures of stable distributed stock returns

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igoris Belovas ◽  
Audrius Kabašinskas ◽  
Leonidas Sakalauskas
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
General Correlation ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Correlation Measures ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Relationships between financial instruments are very important in practical portfolio management. Under the assumption of stability, when the second moment does not exist, traditional relationship measures cannot be applied. In this paper we introduce new general correlation measures. Results of the empirical analysis of the selected equities from Baltic States market are given as an example.

scholarly journals Specific Features of Lettered Words’ Integration in the Graphic, Phonetic and Grammatical Aspects of the Chinese Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Tatiana Uryvskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Know How ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper is devoted to the specific features of lettered words' integration in the graphic, phonetic and grammatical aspects of the Chinese language. The author has analyzed a number of local and foreign studies, covering the main patterns of the lettered words' integration. Based on Liu Yongquan's studies, it was concluded that it's important to strictly follow letters' case. The case difference can distinguish semantics of different lettered words. Native Chinese speakers with high linguistic competence are able to recognize various lettered words in print, but they may not know how to read them out loud. Therefore, the pronunciation of lettered words is associated with a number of issues: the choice of pronunciation standard, the differentiation of initialisms and acronyms, the choice which syllable to stress. Based on the results of previous research, different ways of how borrowed lettered words respond to the grammatical norms of the Chinese language were identified. The empirical analysis was performed with lettered words extracted by the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources. Using the cases described in the paper, the author has proved that in addition to such word-formation processes as compounding, semi-affixation, syntactic and morphological transposition, lettered words can also be formed and transformed with morphological contraction.

Introducing the Energy Security Paradox

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Geological Context

Chapter 1 introduces the book. It begins by outlining the puzzle through a discussion of existing debates on energy security and their limits, emphasizing the importance of considering what it means to understand energy as a security issue. It places this discussion in the contemporary geological context of the Anthropocene, to illustrate the importance of asking these kinds of ‘bigger picture’ questions. It then develops the framework of the energy security paradox to highlight the broader, overlooked consequences of contemporary energy security politics. It then outlines the methodological starting point through a discussion of what it means to study security as practice and detailing the empirical analysis undertaken. It ends with a brief overview of existing debates on energy security and an overview of the contents of the book.

scholarly journals Charlie Hebdo, 2015: ‘Liveness’ and acceleration of conflict in a hybrid media event

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Sumiala ◽  
Minttu Tikka ◽  
Katja Valaskivi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Media Events ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Media Event ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

In this article, the authors examine the intensification of liveness and its effects in the Charlie Hebdo attacks that took place in Paris in January 2015. In their investigation they first re-visit the existing theoretical literature on media, event and time, and discuss in particular the relationship between media events and the idea of liveness. They then move on to the empirical analysis of the Charlie Hebdo attacks and demonstrate the aspects of intensified liveness in the circulation of selected tweets. The analysis is based on a multi-method approach developed for the empirical study of hybrid media events. In conclusion, the authors argue that the liveness, experienced and carried out simultaneously on multiple platforms, favours stereotypical and immediate interpretations when it comes to making sense of the incidents unfolding before the eyes of global audiences. In this condition, incidents are interpreted ‘en direct’, but within the framework of older mnemonic schemes and mythologization of certain positions (e.g. victims, villains, heroes) in the narrative. This condition, they claim, further accelerates the conflict between the different participants that took part in the event.

scholarly journals Quelques perspectives de développement de l’étude empirique des conflits internationaux

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Braillard
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Explanatory Theory ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The empirical study of international conflicts has in the last two decades undergone a remarkable development. Careful examination of results so far obtained can however only produce feelings of dissatisfaction. The few correlations uncovered are usually so limited in scope that it is difficult to draw any conclusions whatsoever from them. This essay first of all suggests certain possible developments for empirical research, especially in areas which have been most neglected. The author goes on to show that the road on which such works are embarked, no matter how interesting, contains radical limits which can only invalidate the claims of practitioners of the empirical analysis of international conflicts to an elaboration of a truly explanatory theory. It will only be possible to discover explanatory elements if one undertakes a theoretical leap consisting in reorienting the study of international conflicts. The broad outlines of such a theoretical reorientation are described in the last part of the essay.

scholarly journals Irish Lithuanian L1: Vocabulary Size and Signs of Its Attrition

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
Eglė Vaisėtaitė
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
University Education ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Sociolinguistic research shows that Lithuanians in the diaspora notice changes in their mother tongue, especially vocabulary. Therefore, there is a need to study L1 vocabulary attrition in the Lithuanian diaspora. Since one of the main directions of current emigration is Ireland, this article seeks to answer the question of whether the signs of vocabulary attrition can be observed in the language of the first generation of Lithuanian emigrants living in Ireland, and to provide some insight into what factors might influence this trend. This paper describes and analyzes the results of the vocabulary size test of 100 Lithuanians living in Ireland and the answers to the questions of a sociolinguistic survey. The survey involved adults who left Lithuania at the age of 12 or older and consider Lithuanian as their mother tongue. The data of the target group are compared with the data of Lithuanians living in Lithuania (LL) (100 respondents). The results of both groups are compared by applying the T test, and the influence of sociolinguistic factors on vocabulary is estimated by applying regression analysis.The results have revealed that the Irish Lithuanian (IL) vocabulary is smaller than that of Lithuanians living in Lithuania (in average 60,300 and 62,100 words, respectively), and this difference is statistically significant (p = 0.048). The empirical analysis has revealed that education does not affect the size of the IL vocabulary but is significant for the LL vocabulary. The difference in vocabulary size between the IL and LL groups is mainly due to the results of those with higher university education, while the results of those with lower education are very similar in the two groups. However, the IL vocabulary positively correlates with the age of the respondents at the time of the survey (p = 0.01) and the age at the time of emigration (p = 0.006). Thus, it can be assumed that the IL vocabulary continued growing while the respondents were still living in Lithuania, but after emigration their L1 vocabulary stopped increasing. Lack of communication in Lithuanian with people in Lithuania has a negative impact on the respondents’ L1 vocabulary. Considering these results, it can be argued that there are signs of vocabulary attrition in Irish Lithuanian L1.

scholarly journals The Empirical Analysis of Occupational Reflection of Police Officers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriya Druzhinina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Non Parametric

One of the most pressing issues in contemporary psychology is the study and analysis of the reflective aspects of the performance of police officers. This article deals with the theoretical and empirical aspects of psychological cognition of the stated topic regarding the example of future officers of investigative units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Different approaches to understanding occupational reflections were listed. Within the scope of this study, the authors share the view that occupational reflection is one of the structural components of the I-concept of an investigative officer. To comprehensively study the stated topic, the auhors addressed the types of problems faced by an investigative officer, and defined the contribution of occupational reflection to the proper fulfillment of duties. The aim of the study is to empirically identify the revelation of features of parameters of occupational reflection of police officers. The author summarises the results of an empirical study in a sample of students in an educational organisation of the Russian Mi nistry of Internal Affairs system. The occupational reflection technique (V.D. Shadrikov, S.S. Kurginyan) was employed. Mann-Whitney non-parametric U-test methods were used to process the results and analyse them statistically, using SPSS for Windows v.19. Male fifth-year students have been proven to lack the skills responsible for defining motives and objectives of professional activity. The range of significance of the overall level of reflexivity in both groups falls short of the norm. The results of the research will be used for the development of the author’s programme for the development of police officers’ performance reflection as well as for the comprehensive study of the image of the profession in the structure of the I-concept of the investigators of the Russian MIA system.

The Empirical Study of Legitimate Authority Normative Guidance for Positive Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 328-361
Author(s):  
Sanford C. Gordon ◽  
Gregory A. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

We employ key concepts in the normative study of legitimate authority to place the empirical analysis of legitimacy on firmer analytical foundations. Our critical review of empirical research on support for courts, regimes generally, and international organizations highlights the slippage between normative and positive approaches, while simultaneously drawing attention to problems of measurement and critical inferential problems rooted in limitations of research design. We then describe a simple theoretical model that formalizes these considerations. The model reveals conditions under which it is possible to isolate the effect of an authority’s legitimacy on citizen behavior net of extrinsic compliance motivations as well as environments in which examination of the antecedents of legitimate authority is most likely to be fruitful.

Degrees of pragmaticalization

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Defour ◽  
Ulrique D'Hondt ◽  
Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen ◽  
Dominique Willems
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
English Word ◽  
French Word ◽  
French And English ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Despite their formal resemblance, the English word ‘actually’ and the French word actuellement fulfil very different semantic-pragmatic functions in their present-day usage. In most cases they are ‘false friends’, as they overlap in meaning in a very limited number of contexts only. Since these words can — directly or indirectly (through borrowing) — be traced back to the same origin, their present-day meanings indicate that the words have followed different paths of change. It is the aim of the present article to trace the semantic-pragmatic developments of these words through a detailed examination of the discursive contexts in which they have occurred from their first attestations in the languages concerned until the present time. In this way, the subtle transitions from one meaning to another are laid bare. In addition, the cross-linguistic perspective offers insight into how polysemy may develop in different directions. The analyses are based on French and English monolingual corpus data, both synchronic and diachronic. In addition, translation corpus data provide further evidence for the semantics of the two adverbs. The results of the empirical analysis are interpreted within the framework of pragmaticalization and (inter)subjectification.

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