scholarly journals Effect of poloxamer 407 administration on the serum lipids profile, anxiety level and protease activity in the heart and liver of mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Korolenko ◽  
Thomas P. Johnston ◽  
Nina I. Dubrovina ◽  
Yana A. Kisarova ◽  
Svetlana Ya. Zhanaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Early Stages

Abstract Chronic administration of the poloxamer 407 (P-407), a block copolymer, to elevate serum lipids in mice is a well-established mouse model of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that the activity of several types of proteases in heart and liver tissue is changed in the early stages of atherosclerosis development. Additionally, we evaluated whether increased serum lipids would induce anxiety in mice, as determined by using a ‘plus-maze’ test. The mice were administered P-407 by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for one month. P-407 administration to mice resulted in a marked increase in total serum cholesterol, atherogenic non-HDLcholesterol, and especially in total triglycerides, and it also increased anxiety. Morphological changes observed in P-407-treated mice included contractile type changes in cardiomyocytes and foamy macrophages in liver. A significant increase of cysteine proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin L (at 24 h) and aspartate protease cathepsin D (at both 24 h and 5 days) was determined in heart tissue following P-407 administration. However, no changes were noted in heart matrix metalloproteinase activity. The activity of cysteine and aspartate proteases was significantly increased in liver at both 24 hours and 5 days after P-407 administration. In conclusion, administration of P-407 to mice for one month resulted in increased anxiety, and more importantly, there was an increase in the activity of heart and liver proteases secondary to sustained dyslipidemia. It is suggested that heart and liver cysteine and aspartate proteases may represent potential therapeutic targets in the early stages of atherosclerosis.

The influence of repeated administration of poloxamer 407 on serum lipoproteins and protease activity in mouse liver and heart

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1456-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Korolenko ◽  
Fedor V. Tuzikov ◽  
Thomas P. Johnston ◽  
Natalia A. Tuzikova ◽  
Yana A. Kisarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Drastic Increase

The effects of repeated administration of poloxamer 407 (P-407) on lipoprotein-cholesterol (LP-C) and lipoprotein-triglyceride (LP-TG) fractions and subfractions, as well as the effect on liver and heart proteases, were studied. Repeated administration of P-407 to male CBA mice resulted in a model of atherosclerosis with increased diastolic blood pressure; there was a drastic increase in total serum cholesterol and especially TG. A novel small-angle X-ray scattering method for the determination of the fractional and subfractional composition of LP-C and LP-TG was used. In chronically P-407-treated mice, P-407 significantly increased atherogenic low-density lipoprotein C (LDL-C) fractions, as well as intermediate-density lipoprotein C (IDL-C), and LDL1–3-C subfractions, and very-low-density lipoprotein-C (VLDL-C) fractions, as well as VLDL1–2-C and VLDL3–5-C subfractions), to a lesser extent, the total anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) fraction, as well as HDL2-C and HDL3-C subfractions. Additionally, we demonstrated an increase in the serum chitotriosidase activity, without significant changes in serum matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Morphological changes observed in P-407-treated mice included atherosclerosis in the heart and storage syndrome in the liver macrophages. P-407 significantly increased the activity of cysteine, aspartate proteases, and MMPs in the heart, and only the activity of cathepsin B and MMPs in the liver of mice. Thus, repeated administration of P-407 to mice induced atherosclerosis secondary to sustained dyslipidemia and formation of foamy macrophages in liver, and also modulated the activity of heart and liver proteases.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Protects Cardiac Tissue in Experimental Malignant Hypertension Due to Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5006
Author(s):  
Jelica Grujić-Milanović ◽  
Vesna Jaćević ◽  
Zoran Miloradović ◽  
Djurdjica Jovović ◽  
Ivica Milosavljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Resveratrol Treatment

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors of cardiovascular diseases. Malignant hypertension is a relatively rare but extremely severe form of hypertension accompanied with heart, brain, and renal impairment. Resveratrol, a recently described grape-derived, polyphenolic antioxidant molecule, has been proposed as an effective agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to examine chronic resveratrol administration on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with special emphasis on cardiac structure and function in two models of experimental hypertension. The experiments were performed in spontaneously (SHRs) and malignantly hypertensive rats (MHRs). The chronic administration of resveratrol significantly decreased blood pressure in both spontaneously and malignant hypertensive animals. The resveratrol treatment ameliorated morphological changes in the heart tissue. The immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue after resveratrol treatment showed that both TGF-β and Bax were not present in the myocytes of SHRs and were present mainly in the myocytes of MHRs. Resveratrol suppressed lipid peroxidation and significantly improved oxidative status and release of NO. These results suggest that resveratrol prevents hypertrophic and apoptotic consequences induced by high blood pressure with more pronounced effects in malignant hypertension.

Micromethod for Total Serum Cholesterol that Eliminates Interference by High Bilirubin Concentrations

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Jordan ◽  
Edward C Knoblock
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Complex ◽  
Acid Reagent ◽  
High Bilirubin

Abstract The analysis of pediatric serum for total cholesterol in the presence of high amounts of bilirubin presents special problems. The serum specimens are so small that a direct micro- or ultramicromethod has to be used, and consequently the error owing to bilirubin is impressive. In the proposed method, cholesterol is precipitated, along with other serum lipids, from only 20 µliters of serum as a dextran sulfate—lipoprotein complex. The precipitate is dissolved in molar NaCl, treated with glacial acetic acid, and incubated for 5 min at 70°C. A ferric chloride—sulfuric acid reagent is then added and, after 20 min at room temperature, the color is read at 560 nm. Total cholesterol values obtained by the proposed method are not statistically different from those obtained by the direct method of Pearson et al. Bilirubin added to sera does not affect the results. Agreement was obtained with the stated cholesterol values for Versatol-A and Moni-trol II reference sera to which known amounts of cholesterol and bilirubin had been added by the manufacturer.

scholarly journals The association between TSH within the reference range and serum lipid concentrations in a population-based study. The HUNT Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn O Åsvold ◽  
Lars J Vatten ◽  
Tom I L Nilsen ◽  
Trine Bjøro
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based Study

Objective: The association between TSH and serum lipids in people with no apparent thyroid disease is insufficiently understood. We have studied the association between normal thyroid function, defined as TSH within the reference range of a general population, and concentrations of serum lipids. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study with 30 656 individuals without known thyroid disease. Methods: Using general linear models, we calculated mean concentrations of total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides across categories of TSH. Results: Within the reference range of TSH, there was a linear and significant (P for trend <0.001) increase in total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and a linear decrease (P for trend <0.001) in HDL cholesterol with increasing TSH. Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant associations for all lipids in men above 50 years of age, and for triglycerides in all age groups. For women, associations were statistically significant in all age groups except for HDL cholesterol in women below 50 years of age. The associations with triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were stronger among overweight than normal weight individuals. Conclusions: Within the range of TSH that is considered clinically normal, we found that increasing level of TSH was associated with less favourable lipid concentrations. The association with serum lipids was linear across the entire reference range of TSH.

scholarly journals Effect of Daily Egg Ingestion with Thai Food on Serum Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supanee Putadechakum ◽  
Pariya Phanachet ◽  
Varapat Pakpeankitwattana ◽  
Theerawut Klangjareonchai ◽  
Chulaporn Roongpisuthipong
Keyword(s):  
Washout Period ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial

Thai food is one of the healthiest foods. In fact, several Thai dishes, such as Tom Yum soup, are currently under scientific study for their incredible health benefits. Limited data are available on the effects of egg consumption with Thai food in hyperlipidemic patients. To assess the effects of daily egg consumption with Thai food, which is known as low fat diet, on serum lipids profiles in hyperlipidemic subjects without medication treatment, the randomized crossover trial of 71 hyperlipidemic adults (8 men, 63 women) were randomly to one of the two sequences of one and three eggs/day for 4 weeks. Each treatment was separated by a four-week washout period (egg-free). Our data indicated that one or three eggs/day consumption were significantly increases total serum cholesterol ( and versus  mg/dL) and LDL-C levels ( and versus  mg/dL) as compared to egg-free period. No significant change of serum TG, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C levels was observed after 1 or 3 eggs consumption daily in this study.

scholarly journals Lipolytic Postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei Manages Metabolic Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ali Osman ◽  
Nashwa El-Gazzar ◽  
Taghreed N. Almanaa ◽  
Abdalla El-Hadary ◽  
Mahmoud Sitohy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol

The current study investigates the capacity of a lipolytic Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic as a possible regulator for lipid metabolism by targeting metabolic syndrome as a possibly safer anti-obesity and Anti-dyslipidemia agent replacing atorvastatin (ATOR) and other drugs with proven or suspected health hazards. The high DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activity and high activities of antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic (cell-free extract), coupled with considerable lipolytic activity, may support its action against metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate was obtained from an Egyptian cheese sample, identified and used for preparing the postbiotic. The postbiotic was characterized and administered to high-fat diet (HFD) albino rats (100 and 200 mg kg−1) for nine weeks, as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR; 10 mg kg−1). The postbiotic could correct the disruption in lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in HFD rats more effectively than ATOR. The two levels of the postbiotic (100 and 200 mg kg−1) reduced total serum lipids by 29% and 34% and serum triglyceride by 32–45% of the positive control level, compared to only 25% and 35% in ATOR’s case, respectively. Both ATOR and the postbiotic (200 mg kg−1) equally decreased total serum cholesterol by about 40% and 39%, while equally raising HDL levels by 28% and 30% of the positive control. The postbiotic counteracted HFD-induced body weight increases more effectively than ATOR without affecting liver and kidney functions or liver histopathology, at the optimal dose of each. The postbiotic is a safer substitute for ATOR in treating metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Urinary Bisphenol A and Hypertension in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Shankar ◽  
Srinivas Teppala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, with >93% of US adults having detectable BPA levels in urine. Recent animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may have a role in several mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension, including weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, no previous human study has examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and hypertension.Methods. We examined urinary BPA levels in 1380 subjects from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2004. Main outcome-of-interest was hypertension, defined as blood pressure-reducing medication use and/or blood pressures >140/90 mm of Hg (n=580).Results. We observed a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and hypertension independent of confounding factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and total serum cholesterol levels. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with tertile 3 was 1.50 (1.12−2.00);P-trend = 0.007. The association was consistently present in subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity, smoking status, BMI, and diabetes mellitus.Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are associated with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors.

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