Creation of High Technologies: Comparative Analysis of Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Audrone Kvedariene
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Distinct Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Technologies

Abstract Research purpose. High technology creation, as a rule, requires national support systems although the flow of the created value in an international level is unexplored. The national innovation systems are becoming globalized; thus the distinct process of creation, dissemination and implementation of high technologies is becoming globally fragmented and therefore the added value distribution within the global value chain (GVC) should be investigated. Design/Methodology/Approach. The brief and extensive academic literature review dedicated to high technology creation is introduced, although the empirical investigation is narrowed to the scientific research and development sector, depicted as M72 by NACE statistical classification. Thus empirical research design is based on the sectoral level data, considering M72 sector as the main economic activity for high technology creation. The data for the comparative analysis of countries is retrieved from the 2014 world input–output data (WIOD) which enables to exclude double counting of added value inherent for the convenient import and export data and holds information of intermediate and final consumption of added value within a country and between different countries. The descriptive statistic based on WIOD data is provided and further prescriptive statistics for the data interpretation is conducted. While developing the predictive models, the number of investigated countries varies while the data for M72 sector is not available for all countries provided in WIOD and including to the model basic science and technology indicators as independent variables, retrieved from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database, the number of countries reduced additionally, also due to the data shortage. Findings. The key result is the provided methodology for the positioning of the countries evaluating the involvement in the upstream and downstream GVC processes, hereby introducing new indicators that may have an impact on the sector’s performance. Originality/Value/Practical implications. The evaluation of high technologies creation performance would provide insights into the international management and innovation policies, and the matrix concept for the positioning countries by the pattern of involvement to the GVCs could be applied to other sectors.

scholarly journals Creation and Implementation of High Technologies in Lithuania under Conditions of Globalization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audronė Kvedarienė ◽  
Laima Švedienė ◽  
Giedrė Švedaitė
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
High Technologies ◽  
The Eu

The development, dissemination and implementation of high technologies in Lithuanian market is a complex process within national innovation system. The comprehension of trends in the global market requires investigation of implications of regionalization, globalization and internationalization phenomena. EU policies significantly support R&D though the efficiency of innovation commercialization is not far reaching comparing with the leading countries in high technologies development, dissemination and implementation. To overcome this European paradox and social, environmental challenges, EU Commission ascertained Innovation Union 2020 Strategy. The objective of this article is to explore the EU regionalization impact on Lithuanian high technology development, dissemination and implementation performance, therefore the value chain theories relevant for the global markets aspect are reflected.

scholarly journals Understanding Social Impact and Value Creation in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Italian Civil Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4058
Author(s):  
Paolo Esposito ◽  
Valerio Brescia ◽  
Chiara Fantauzzi ◽  
Rocco Frondizi
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Hybrid Organizations ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, it aims to analyze what kind of value is generated by hybrid organizations and how; second, it aims to understand the role of social impact assessment (SIA) in the measurement of added value, especially in terms of social and economic change generated by hybrids. Hybrid organizations are a debated topic in literature and have different strengths in responding to needs, mainly in the public interest. Nevertheless, there are not many studies that identify the impact and change generated by these organizations. After highlighting the gap in the literature, the study proposes an innovative approach that combines SIA, interview, interventionist approach and documental analysis. The breakdown of SIA through the five elements of the value chain (inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact) guarantees a linear definition of the value generated through change with procedural objectivity capable of grasping hybrid organizations’ complexity. The value generated or absorbed is the change generated by the impact measured based on the incidence of public resources allocated. Through the SIA and counterfactual approach, the civil service case study analysis highlights how the value generated by public resources can be measured or more clearly displayed in the measurement process itself.

scholarly journals Analysis on the economic effect of Sino-US trade friction from the perspective of added value

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Hang Zheng ◽  
Zhu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Trade Friction ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wang Wei

AbstractBased on the theory of trade added value, this paper discusses the potential actual trade scale and benefit damage degree of the two countries under the background of big country game by measuring the real trade scale of China and the USA, simulating the economic impact of tariffs imposed by China and the USA and utilizing Wang–Wei–Zhu (WWZ) method to decompose the potential changes in Sino-US trade. The results show that: firstly, the size of China-US trade in terms of total value is significantly overestimated and China's overall trade with the USA in 2001–2014 was overestimated by an average of 3.06 percent, of which goods trade was overestimated by 8.06 percent. Secondly, although tariff increases can reduce the degree of trade imbalance between China and the USA to some extent, the adverse effects are mutual and global, and the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan and Canada become the main transfer countries of Sino-US trade. Thirdly, the pattern of China's final exports and the US' intermediate exports determines that China's trade interests are more damaged than those of the USA. It is proved that there is a big gap between China and the USA in the depth and breadth of China's participation in the value chain division of labor and the trade scale measured by Gross Domestic Product is more instructive than the total value.

scholarly journals Quantity and quality food losses across the value Chain: A Comparative analysis

Food Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 101958
Author(s):  
Luciana Delgado ◽  
Monica Schuster ◽  
Maximo Torero
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Food Losses

scholarly journals The Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Habitat Connectivity and Biodiversity: A Case Study in the Ōtākaro/Avon River Catchment in Christchurch, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6732
Author(s):  
Thuy Thi Nguyen ◽  
Colin Meurk ◽  
Rubianca Benavidez ◽  
Bethanna Jackson ◽  
Markus Pahlow
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Habitat Connectivity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
The Matrix

The natural capital components in cities (“blue-green infrastructure” BGI) are designed to address long-term sustainability and create multi-benefits for society, culture, business, and ecology. We investigated the added value of BGI through the research question “Can the implementation of blue-green infrastructure lead to an improvement of habitat connectivity and biodiversity in urban environments?” To answer this, the Biological and Environmental Evaluation Tools for Landscape Ecology (BEETLE) within the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) framework was adopted and applied in Christchurch, New Zealand, for the first time. Three ecologically representative species were selected. The parameterisation was based on ecological theory and expert judgment. By implementation of BGI, the percentages of habitats of interest for kereru and paradise shelduck increased by 3.3% and 2.5%, respectively. This leads to improved habitat connectivity. We suggest several opportunities for regenerating more native patches around the catchment to achieve the recommended minimum 10% target of indigenous cover. However, BGI alone cannot return a full suite of threatened wildlife to the city without predator-fenced breeding sanctuaries and wider pest control across the matrix. The socio-eco-spatial connectivity analysed in this study was formalised in terms of four interacting dimensions.

scholarly journals Modeling policy mix to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Roland Y H Silitonga ◽  
Joko Siswanto ◽  
Tota Simatupang ◽  
Senator Nur Bahagia
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a model that will explain the impact of government policies to the competitiveness of palm oil industry. The model involves two commodities in this industry, namely crude palm oil (CPO) and refined palm oil (RPO), each has different added value. Design/methodology/approach: The model built will define the behavior of government in controlling palm oil industry, and their interactions with macro-environment, in order to improve the competitiveness of the industry. Therefore the first step was to map the main activities in this industry using value chain analysis. After that a conceptual model was built, where the output of the model is competitiveness of the industry based on market share. The third step was model formulation. The model is then utilized to simulate the policy mix given by government in improving the competitiveness of Palm Oil Industry. Research limitations/implications: The model was developed using only some policies which give direct impact to the competitiveness of the industry. For macro environment input, only price is considered in this model. Practical implications: The model can simulate the output of the industry for various government policies mix given to the industry. Originality/value: This research develops a model that can represent the structure and relationship between industry, government and macro environment, using value chain analysis and hierarchical multilevel system approach.

scholarly journals Iranian Steel Industry: Domination of Dispersed Direct Reduction Plants in an Inefficient Value Chain and a Droughty Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Mehdi Fatemi ◽  
Abolfazl Adab
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Steel Ingot ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Easy Access

Abstract Iran has a great advantage in the development of the steel industry due to its access to mineral resources and energy, extensive consumer market, and low-cost labor. In this article, the Iranian steel value chain in 2014-2016 is studied using the value chain analysis and material flow analysis. Accordingly, based on the statistics related to the input and output of each echelon in the chain, the material flow is analyzed throughout the value chain. Then the total added value from the chain, the share of different stages, and the various costs in each echelon are calculated. According to the research findings, weakness in the development of transportation infrastructure and poor geographical distribution of value chain units has led to the deviation of production from nominal capacity and frequent imports/exports throughout the chain. On the other hand, the upstream industries have a permanent advantage that deeply roots in easy access to the minerals and lower costs in transportation and energy. Finally, the pricing of intermediate products based on the ratio of steel ingot prices is criticized, while wage conversion and commodity purification contracts are proposed as possible solutions for the reduction of overhead costs.

ON-LINE BRANCH INDUSTRY ANDRAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES – AN OVERVIEW OF QUALITY AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Anna Kanabrocka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
On Line

Quality of branch industry andragogy (education of adults) has become an issue of importance, taking into account the necessity of lifelong and lifewide learning (LLL) and the essentiality of smart specializations. Due the COVID-19 pandemic, quality of on-line branch industry andragogical activities may prove to be a challenge. The main aim of the article is to analyze and systematize the quality areas concerning on-line branch industry andragogical activities, enabling verification of the assumed quality areas (i.e. means of communication/education/socialization, added value, verification of achievements by the user and feedback type for the andragogical activities organizer). The approach applied in the article is of descriptive-empirical nature. Research methods include induction, deduction and literature studies (the method of critical and comparative analysis was used). The article concludes with a suggestion of research on quality attributes, especially demanded in Poland.

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