Epizootic situation of feline Bartonella infection in eastern Poland

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in cats in eastern Poland, and to determine the factors associated with the infection.Material and MethodsPCRs were performed to detect Bartonella DNA in the whole blood of 672 cats from four regions in eastern Poland (the Lublin, Podlasie, Masovian, and Subcarpathian provinces). The association between the previously selected variables and the dependent variable (presence of Bartonella DNA) was investigated using a logistic regression model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of infection was 40.48%. All PCR positive cats were infected with B. henselae. The living conditions of the animals (free outdoor roaming), mixed breed cats, Subcarpathian region, and absence of tick control were significant risk factors associated with Bartonella infection at a 95% confidence level.ConclusionCats in eastern Poland appear to be at risk of a bartonellosis epizootic. Factors which seem to impact the likelihood of infection in cats and factors which seem not to impact it have been suggested. We advocate additional research into the ways bartonellosis spreads, its geographical scope, and the factors that favour its development.

Download Full-text

Maternal age as a risk factor for cerebral palsy

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 117-131

Author(s):

Marta Sternal ◽

Barbara Kwiatkowska ◽

Krzysztof Borysławski ◽

Agnieszka Tomaszewska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Regression Model ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Control Group ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth

Abstract The relationship between maternal age and the occurrence of cerebral palsy is still highly controversial. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of maternal age on the risk of CP development, taking into account all significant risk factors and the division into single, twin, full-term, and pre-term pregnancies. The survey covered 278 children with CP attending selected educational institutions in Poland. The control group consisted of data collected from the medical records of 435 children born at Limanowa county hospital, Poland. The analyses included socio-economic factors, factors related to pregnancy and childbirth, and factors related to the presence of comorbidities and diseases in the child. Constructed logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. For all age categories included in the estimated models (assessing the effect of demographic factors on the development of CP), only the category of ≤24 years of age (in the group of all children) was significant. It was estimated that in this mother’s age category, the risk of CP is lower (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) in comparison to mothers aged 25-29 (p = 0.03). However, estimation with the use of a complex logistic regression model did not show any significant effect of maternal age on the incidence of CP in groups from different pregnancies types. It became apparent that maternal age is a weak predictor of CP, insignificant in the final logistic regression model. It seems correct to assume that the studies conducted so far, showing a significant effect of maternal age in this respect, may be associated with bias in the estimators used to assess the risk of CP due to the fact that other important risk factors for CP development were not included in the research.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.2172-2177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2172-2177

Author(s):

Nguyen Hoai Nam ◽

Peerapol Sukon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Stillbirth Rate ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different risk factors on stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1121 piglets born from 74 Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows from a herd. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between stillbirth and different risk factors including parity (1, 2, 3-5, and 6-10), gestation length (GL) (112-113, 114-116, and 117-119 days), litter size, birth order (BO), sex, birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration, birth weight (BW), crown rump length, BW deviation, body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and the use of oxytocin during expulsive stage of farrowing. Results: The incidence of stillbirth at litter level and stillbirth rate was 59.5% (44/74) and 8.1% (89/1094), respectively. The final multivariate logistic regression selected BO, BI, PI, GL, and parity as the five most significant risk factors for stillbirth. Increased BO and BI, GL <114 and >116 days, parity 6-10, and low PI increased the stillbirth rate in piglets. Conclusion: Several factors previously determined as risks for stillbirth in exogenous oxytocin-free parturitions also existed in exogenous oxytocin-assisted parturitions. One dose of oxytocin at fairly high BO did not increase stillbirth, whereas two doses of oxytocin were potentially associated with increased values.

Download Full-text

A Prospective Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia in Any Cycle in NHL Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.4447.4447 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 4447-4447

Author(s):

Ruth Pettengell ◽

Andre Bosly ◽

Thomas D. Szucs ◽

Christian Jackisch ◽

Robert Leonard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Febrile Neutropenia ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Chemotherapy Dose ◽

Current Guidelines

Abstract Febrile neutropenia (FN) following chemotherapy often results in hospitalisation and chemotherapy dose delays or reductions in subsequent cycles. Although current guidelines highlight non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients receiving standard regimens as having a significant risk of FN, the contribution of additional factors to the overall risk of FN is not fully understood. We present a logistic regression model describing the relationship of various clinical factors with FN occurrence in NHL. Predictors were chosen based on their clinical and statistical significance (5% level) and to allow comparison with other models. Data were obtained from the INC-EU Prospective Observational European Neutropenia Study, which aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of neutropenia, FN and chemotherapy dose limitations in breast cancer and lymphoma. 240 NHL patients were recruited from 37 centres in Belgium, France, Germany, Spain, and the UK. Ann Arbor stages were distributed: I 18%; II 26%; III 17%; IV 40%. Chemotherapy regimens received were 3-weekly CHOP-like (74%), 2-weekly CHOP-like (17%), ACVBP-like (4%) and other regimens (5%). Overall colony stimulating factor (CSF) prophylaxis in patients who had not previously experienced FN was 50%. FN incidence in any cycle was 22%. The resulting logistic regression model of any FN occurrence is shown in the table. Replacing GFR and height with the closely related parameters of age and weight slightly affected predictive ability but did not affect model stability. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84. Using the optimal probability cut-off, model test characteristics were 75% sensitivity and 76% specificity; corresponding to positive and negative predictive values of 48% and 91%, respectively. Low absolute neutrophil or white blood cell count (ANC, WBC), high baseline alkaline phosphatase, low GFR (or high age), low height (or low weight), cardiac comorbidity, recent infection, and high planned chemotherapy dose appeared to increase the risk of FN occurrence. Although chemotherapy dose reduction or delay protected against FN, these are associated with reduced survival in patients receiving CHOP-like regimens. CSF use was a protective factor. These results complement risk factors highlighted in current guidelines.

Download Full-text

Assessment of the Quality of Antenatal Care Services and the Associated Risk Factors in Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30567/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdalla Hussein ◽

Jackline Mbishi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Regression Model ◽

Service Provision ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background This study gives the finding of the assessment made on the quality of antenatal care (ANC) services received by women in Tanzania during pregnancy and the associated risk factors. Methods We used the data from the 2015-16Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS). The sample included 6,924 women who gave birth in the five years before the survey and having at least one ANC visit in the most current pregnancy. The quality of ANC services provided was assessed using six questions on receipt of recommended components of ANC services. The responses of the individual components were summed up to generate the ANC service provision score. In so doing, the women who received all six components were considered to receive good quality ANC services. A weighted logistic regression model was employed in the examination of the factors associated with the quality of ANC services. Results The average service provision score was 4.4 out of a total of 6. Approximately, 31% of the women received good quality ANC services. The most provided ANC components were blood sample measurement (87%) and iron tablets/syrup (82.1%). The urine sample (60%) was the least offered ANC service. The results of the adjusted logistic regression model revealed that age, place of residence, education level, the time of the first ANC visit, number of ANC visits, and family wealth index were significant factors associated with the quality of ANC services. Conclusions In terms of service provision, the quality of ANC service in Tanzania is suboptimal. With differences by observed risk factors, there must be more efforts to strengthen the quality of ANC services and to remove the differences.

Download Full-text

Significant Risk Factors Associated With Stunting for Children Under the Age of 5-years in Malawi: the Application of Proportional Odds Model Using DHS Datasets.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-415157/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mzwakhe Magagula ◽

Shaun Ramroop ◽

Faustin Habyarimana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Linear Models ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Proportional Odds ◽

Data Set ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract BackgroundChild malnutrition is perhaps the one of the main medical condition influencing general human wellbeing, mainly in non-industrial nations. The improvement of legitimate evaluations of malnutrition is one of the difficulties encountered by policymakers in numerous countries worldwide. In this manner, the current study was embraced with the essential goal of evaluating and determining all potential determinants of childhood malnutrition in Malawi, using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data 2015/16. The study seeks to reveal some of the significant factors that are perpetuating the incidence of malnutrition in children of Malawi. It also designed to offer deeper insights on how the probability of being diagnosed with this medical condition (malnutrition) evolves across the different levels of the found significant factors.Methods The proportional odds (PO) model was the best model to utilize, motivated by the design of the current study's data set. The PO model is an alternative to conceptualize how the ordinal designed data can be sequentially into dichotomous groups without losing the ordinal nature of response variables. The model is an extension of logistic regression models with two outcomes, it is one of the best models to deal with ordinal response variable comprising of more than two categories. The PO model, as well as the logistic regression models are common classes of generalised linear models (GLMs) mostly used to model association between dependent variable and independent variables. ResultsThe observations derived from fitting the PO model on the Malawi DHS data to investigate risk factors associated with malnutrition (stunting) suggested that: the age of the child; birth type (singleton/multiple births), parents' level of education, household's type of resident; mother's age at the time of birth, mother's BMI, incident of diarrhoea in the last two weeks before the survey, are the most significant independent risk factors of malnutrition (stunting). ConclusionsAll the aforementioned risk factors are controllable, and they can be improved through intervention strategies. The policies that undergird the country are required to counteract this condition, as the majority of the risk factors need the coherent actions of several governing authorities.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Preterm Delivery After Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for TTTS

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1035290/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Genxia Li ◽

Shuhui Chu ◽

Shihong Cui ◽

Yajuan Xu ◽

Hezhou Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Laser Surgery ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Placental Abruption ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Objective Fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) is currently the standard treatment for twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). This study aims to improve the perinatal outcomes of TTTS patients by analyzing the risk factors associated with preterm delivery after FLS for TTTS. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in 97 cases of patients with TTTS who underwent FLS at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2018 to December 2020. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors associated with preterm delivery. Finally, ROC curve was utilized to analyze the diagnostic value of related risk factors. Results A total of 90 TTTS patients were included in the study. There were 37 cases in group A and 53 cases in group B. Through multivariate logistic regression model analysis, three risk factors related to the gestational age of childbirth <32 weeks were identified: preoperative CL < 27.5 mm (OR, 10.9; P <0.001), PPROM (OR, 4.0; P=0.024), placental abruption (OR, 17.6; P=0.018). ROC curve analysis suggested that the AUC of the combined diagnosis of the three factors was 0.799 (P<0.001), which has a high value for predicting preterm delivery at low gestational age. Conclusion Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CL < 27.5 mm, PPROM and placental abruption were connected with preterm delivery before 32 weeks of pregnancy. Identifying and intervening the corresponding risk factors can improve the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after fetoscopic surgery, and promote the improvement of fetoscopic surgery techniques.

Download Full-text

Renal Failure after Coronary Bypass Surgery and the Associated Risk Factors

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1216 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 006

Author(s):

Hasan Reyhanoglu ◽

Kaan Ozcan ◽

Murat Erturk ◽

Fatih İslamoglu ◽

İsa Durmaz

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Surgery ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Significant Risk ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Factors Associated

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: One hundred and six patients who developed renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constituted the study group (RF group), while 110 patients who did not develop renal failure served as a control group (C group). In addition, the RF group was divided into two subgroups: patients that were treated with conservative methods without the need for hemodialysis (NH group) and patients that required hemodialysis (HR group). Risk factors associated with renal failure were investigated. Results: Among the 106 patients that developed renal failure (RF), 80 patients were treated with conservative methods without any need for hemodialysis (NH group); while 26 patients required hemodialysis in the postoperative period (HR group). The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and the postoperative use of positive inotropes and adrenaline were significant risk factors associated with development of renal failure. In addition, carotid stenosis and postoperative use of adrenaline were found to be significant risk factors associated with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (P < .05). The mortality in the RF group was determined as 13.2%, while the mortality rate in patients who did not require hemodialysis and those who required hemodialysis was 6.2% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: Renal failure requiring hemodialysis after CABG often results in high morbidity and mortality. Factors affecting microcirculation and atherosclerosis, like diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative vasopressor use remain the major risk factors for the development of renal failure.

Download Full-text

A comprehensive, contemporary assessment of the association between hepatosteatosis and coronary artery calcium scoring

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

T Heseltine ◽

SW Murray ◽

RL Jones ◽

M Fisher ◽

B Ruzsics

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Regression Model ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Male Sex

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. onbehalf Liverpool Multiparametric Imaging Collaboration Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a well-established technique for stratifying an individual’s cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Several well-established registries have incorporated CAC scoring into CVD risk prediction models to enhance accuracy. Hepatosteatosis (HS) has been shown to be an independent predictor of CVD events and can be measured on non-contrast computed tomography (CT). We sought to undertake a contemporary, comprehensive assessment of the influence of HS on CAC score alongside traditional CVD risk factors. In patients with HS it may be beneficial to offer routine CAC screening to evaluate CVD risk to enhance opportunities for earlier primary prevention strategies. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational analysis at a high-volume cardiac CT centre analysing consecutive CT coronary angiography (CTCA) studies. All patients referred for investigation of chest pain over a 28-month period (June 2014 to November 2016) were included. Patients with established CVD were excluded. The cardiac findings were reported by a cardiologist and retrospectively analysed by two independent radiologists for the presence of HS. Those with CAC of zero and those with CAC greater than zero were compared for demographic and cardiac risks. A multivariate analysis comparing the risk factors was performed to adjust for the presence of established risk factors. A binomial logistic regression model was developed to assess the association between the presence of HS and increasing strata of CAC. Results In total there were 1499 patients referred for CTCA without prior evidence of CVD. The assessment of HS was completed in 1195 (79.7%) and CAC score was performed in 1103 (92.3%). There were 466 with CVD and 637 without CVD. The prevalence of HS was significantly higher in those with CVD versus those without CVD on CTCA (51.3% versus 39.9%, p = 0.007). Male sex (50.7% versus 36.1% p= <0.001), age (59.4 ± 13.7 versus 48.1 ± 13.6, p= <0.001) and diabetes (12.4% versus 6.9%, p = 0.04) were also significantly higher in the CAC group compared to the CAC score of zero. HS was associated with increasing strata of CAC score compared with CAC of zero (CAC score 1-100 OR1.47, p = 0.01, CAC score 101-400 OR:1.68, p = 0.02, CAC score >400 OR 1.42, p = 0.14). This association became non-significant in the highest strata of CAC score. Conclusion We found a significant association between the increasing age, male sex, diabetes and HS with the presence of CAC. HS was also associated with a more severe phenotype of CVD based on the multinomial logistic regression model. Although the association reduced for the highest strata of CAC (CAC score >400) this likely reflects the overall low numbers of patients within this group and is likely a type II error. Based on these findings it may be appropriate to offer routine CVD risk stratification techniques in all those diagnosed with HS.

Download Full-text

Risk factors on admission associated with hospital length of stay in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86853-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anping Guo ◽

Jin Lu ◽

Haizhu Tan ◽

Zejian Kuang ◽

Ying Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Hospital Length ◽

Clinical Treatment ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Female Sex

AbstractTreating patients with COVID-19 is expensive, thus it is essential to identify factors on admission associated with hospital length of stay (LOS) and provide a risk assessment for clinical treatment. To address this, we conduct a retrospective study, which involved patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection in Hefei, China and being discharged between January 20 2020 and March 16 2020. Demographic information, clinical treatment, and laboratory data for the participants were extracted from medical records. A prolonged LOS was defined as equal to or greater than the median length of hospitable stay. The median LOS for the 75 patients was 17 days (IQR 13–22). We used univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to explore the risk factors associated with a prolonged hospital LOS. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The median age of the 75 patients was 47 years. Approximately 75% of the patients had mild or general disease. The univariate logistic regression model showed that female sex and having a fever on admission were significantly associated with longer duration of hospitalization. The multivariate logistic regression model enhances these associations. Odds of a prolonged LOS were associated with male sex (aOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.63, p = 0.01), having fever on admission (aOR 8.27, 95% CI 1.47–72.16, p = 0.028) and pre-existing chronic kidney or liver disease (aOR 13.73 95% CI 1.95–145.4, p = 0.015) as well as each 1-unit increase in creatinine level (aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.9–0.98, p = 0.007). We also found that a prolonged LOS was associated with increased creatinine levels in patients with chronic kidney or liver disease (p < 0.001). In conclusion, female sex, fever, chronic kidney or liver disease before admission and increasing creatinine levels were associated with prolonged LOS in patients with COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Does Vancomycin Resistance Increase Mortality? Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Factors for Mortality in Patients with Enterococcus faecium Infections

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10020105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Jatapat Hemapanpairoa ◽

Dhitiwat Changpradub ◽

Sudaluck Thunyaharn ◽

Wichai Santimaleeworagun

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Vancomycin Resistance ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Joint Infections ◽

Bone And Joint Infections ◽

The Impact

The prevalence of enterococcal infection, especially E. faecium, is increasing, and the issue of the impact of vancomycin resistance on clinical outcomes is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of infection caused by E. faecium and determine the risk factors associated with mortality. This retrospective study was performed at the Phramongkutklao Hospital during the period from 2014 to 2018. One hundred and forty-five patients with E. faecium infections were enrolled. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates of patients infected with vancomycin resistant (VR)-E. faecium vs. vancomycin susceptible (VS)-E. faecium were 57.7% vs. 38.7% and 69.2% vs. 47.1%, respectively. The median length of hospitalization was significantly longer in patients with VR-E. faecium infection. In logistic regression analysis, VR-E. faecium, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and bone and joint infections were significant risk factors associated with both 30-day and 90-day mortality. Moreover, Cox proportional hazards model showed that VR-E. faecium infection (HR 1.91; 95%CI 1.09–3.37), SOFA scores of 6–9 points (HR 2.69; 95%CI 1.15–6.29), SOFA scores ≥ 10 points (HR 3.71; 95%CI 1.70–8.13), and bone and joint infections (HR 0.08; 95%CI 0.01–0.62) were significant risk factors for mortality. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the impact of VR-E. faecium infection on mortality and hospitalization duration. Thus, the appropriate antibiotic regimen for VR-E. faecium infection, especially for severely ill patients, is an effective strategy for improving treatment outcomes.

Download Full-text