scholarly journals Russian Formalism vs Germanic Formalism: exploring the concept of European Formalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Tchougounnikov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Russian Formalism ◽  
Scientific Positivism

Abstract This comparative reading of two conceptual corpora, Russian formalism and Germano-Austrian or Germanic formalism, begins with the idea that the European formalism presents a coherent unit. The continuity of this program authorizes such a comparative reading. The comparative analysis of formalisms in Europe could be a research program aimed at an epistemological reading of the phenomenon of European formalism at the turn of the 20th century. This program deals with a rereading of two conceptual fields–Russian formalism and Germanic (Germano-Austrian) formalism. This study seeks to contextualise the formalist project within the knowledge of its time by showing its genetic links with the disciplines of this period and by introducing it as an epistemological fact. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the growth of psychologism in aesthetic theories, constitutes a reaction against the dominant scientific positivism in the “humanities” of this period. Stemming from the tensions between “aesthetics from below” and “aesthetics from above,” European formalism expresses and achieves a heterogeneous aesthetic program, halfway between “experimental science” and the “science of lived experience.”

The Marxian Materialist Interpretation of History and Comparative Sociology

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Rezaev ◽  
Dmitrii M. Zhikharevich ◽  
Pavel P. Lisitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
Quantitative Variable ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Materialist Interpretation ◽  
Mode Of Production

The paper argues that a materialistic understanding of history as Marx’s sociological research program has effectively been implemented in the comparative analysis of bourgeois societies. Both qualitative/case-oriented and quantitative/variable-oriented strategies of comparison were employed by Marx in his scholarship. The authors see the crucial dimension of the classical status of Marx in his engagement with historical comparisons – an analytical tendency he shares with Weber and, to some extent, Durkheim. A short historical exposition tracing the early reception of Marx in sociology continues with the most important contemporary criticisms of Marx’s comparative-historical analysis, focusing on the issues of Asiatic mode of production, the nature of European feudalism and the problem of capitalist rationality.

Contractarian Perspectives in Law and Economics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Vanberg ◽  
Viktor Vanberg
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Constitutional Political Economy ◽  
Constitutional Economics ◽  
Classical Economics

This article sketches the distinct perspective that a contractarian approach can bring to law and economics. It focuses on a particularly important strand of the contractarian tradition: the constitutional political economy (CPE) research program (also known as constitutional economics), developed most fully in the work of Nobel laureate James Buchanan. Like law and economics, the CPE paradigm is primarily concerned with the comparative analysis of social, economic, and political institutions. But its foundational assumptions offer a distinct contrast to the mainstream neoclassical paradigm that has dominated law and economics as a field. The article first provides a brief overview of contractarian approaches. It then describes the central features of the CPE paradigm. It contrasts the foundations of the CPE approach with those of neo-classical economics; explores the implications of these differences for the research foci at the heart of these two traditions; and discusses how mainstream and constitutional economics approaches may be reconciled.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Of Humanization Present In Nursing Assistance Between Brazil And New York: A Lived Experience

10.3823/2380 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianka Pereira Evangelista ◽  
Elicarlos Marques Nunes ◽  
Ana Paula Suassuna Veras Barreto ◽  
Andréia Rayanne Queroz de Sousa ◽  
Francisca Lima dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Process ◽  
The North ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Work Done

Objetive: The study is an experience report, with the objective of reporting differences in the humanization present in nursing care between a Brazilian city and two cities of the United States of America, highlighting the potentialities and fragility of care provided in both cities frequented by students of Patos Integrated College - FIP. Method: The study was based on the exchange linked to the Bounce project, funded by the US government, which took place between May 21 and June 20, 2015, and was attended by 8 (eight) FIP scholars from Paraíba, Brazil. Through the study it was possible to perform a comparative analysis between the Brazilian hospital reality, seen in the FIP curriculum internship field, through the Deputy Janduhy Carneiro Regional Hospital, located in the municipality of Patos - Paraíba, Brazil, and the North American, evidenced by the visit to the hospitals of Hudson and New Paltz. Results: It was observed that the difference in care is in the humanization present in the Brazilian nursing care process. It is noteworthy the great work done by these professionals, who are not only concerned with technical-scientific efficiency, but with humanized assistance, based on ethical, moral, affection and for mutual respect precepts. Comparing the assistance provided in the two realities, we observed in our country a predominantly humanistic, rather than mechanical, assistance. Therefore, it is concluded that it is fundamental to seek tools that improve our Health System, consequently, providing benefits both for professionals, as well as for the users assisted. Conclusion: In this way, it can be said that humanization does not depend only on technological resources to be shared. Keywords: Nursing care. Humanization. Hospital.

Ethnography and the Study of Teachers’ Work in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Petrelli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
International Context ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis

This article examines the possibilities of a comparative approach for ethnographic investigations on teachers’ work. It draws on contributions from a study carried out from 2006 to 2010 in private schools in Buenos Aires. Due to the deep socioeconomic crisis in Argentina in the 1990s, those schools reorganized themselves into cooperative schools. From a holistic approach, the study develops a comparative analysis related to the presencias estatales (state presences) in schools and how teachers experienced this. As the investigation progressed, a series of correlations between theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches were unfolded, allowing teachers’ work, from their “lived experience” perspective, to be recontextualized. The article is organized in four sections. The introduction presents the aim, the methodology, and an overview of the international context for developing comparative ethnographic investigations. The next section provides an overview of studies on teachers’ work in Latin America and Argentina, as well as the possibilities of comparison in the particular thematic field. Moving forward, it describes: (a) the theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches in detail through comparative analysis about the presencia estatales in cooperative schools, and (b) the ways in which teachers experience this. The conclusion presents a synthesis of the comparative analysis and propose new inquiries for further investigations.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Bakhtin’s and Saussure’s Approaches in the Context of Structuralism and Poststructuralism

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Povtoreva ◽  
Oksana Chursinova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian Formalism ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The authors prove that Bakhtin’s works are basically connected with the structural approach. The philosopher analysed this methodology, especially ideas of Saussure, Russian formalism and others. He defined both its advantages and weak sides. The authors examine the specifics of Bakhtin’s methodology which were effectively used in the creation of an original humanistic philosophy of act. In the article the causes of popularity of Bakhtin’s works in the West philosophy discourse are revealed. The authors are making an accent on Bakhtin’s criticism, which was directed against the dehumanized tendencies of structuralism. This criticism is adequately used in modern times, because it helps to establish new humanism as well as to focus on the existence of man in the world.

scholarly journals Engagement of older adults with multimorbidity as patient research partners: Lessons from a patient-oriented research program

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 263355652199950
Author(s):  
Maureen Markle-Reid ◽  
Rebecca Ganann ◽  
Jenny Ploeg ◽  
Gail Heald-Taylor ◽  
Laurie Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Meaningful Engagement ◽  
Oriented Research

Background: Patient “engagement” in health research broadly refers to including people with lived experience in the research process. Although previous reviews have systematically summarized approaches to engaging older adults and their caregivers in health research, there is currently little guidance on how to meaningfully engage older adults with multimorbidity as research partners. Objectives: This paper describes the lessons learned from a patient-oriented research program, the Aging, Community and Health Research Unit (ACHRU), on how to engage older adults with multimorbidity as research partners. Over the past 7-years, over 40 older adults from across Canada have been involved in 17 ACHRU projects as patient research partners. Methods: We developed this list of lessons learned through iterative consensus building with ACHRU researchers and patient partners. We then met to collectively identify and summarize the reported successes, challenges and lessons learned from the experience of engaging older adults with multimorbidity as research partners. Results: ACHRU researchers reported engaging older adult partners across many phases of the research process. Five challenges and lessons learned were identified: 1) actively finding patient partners who reflect the diversity of older adults with multimorbidity, 2) developing strong working relationships with patient partners, 3) providing education and support for both patient partners and researchers, 4) using flexible approaches for engaging patients, and 5) securing adequate resources to enable meaningful engagement. Conclusion: The lessons learned through this work may provide guidance to researchers on how to facilitate meaningful engagement of this vulnerable and understudied subgroup in the patient engagement literature.

Is a Bourdieusian Ethnography Possible?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Sallaz
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Dangerous Knowledge

Chapter abstract This chapter argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s research program is less compatible with ethnography than it first appears. Bourdieu was critical of structuralism, that perspective on the social world that prioritizes general patterns over lived experience, whereas ethnography claims as its raison d’être the elucidation of lived experience. A close reading of Bourdieu’s entire body of writings, however, reveals multiple reservations about the ethnographic method. At various points Bourdieu argues that ethnography is partial knowledge, impotent knowledge, and dangerous knowledge. This chapter elaborates each of these critiques, and gives ethnography a chance to respond. Ultimately, it concludes that it is possible to do ethnography from within the Bourdieusian research program. But ethnographers must take care to contextualize their field data in its extra-local context; they should deploy systematic research designs; and they must exercise reflexivity as to how one’s position as a scholar shapes one’s experience of others’ social worlds.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

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