Restructuring Simulation of the Ventilation Network

Abstract Worldwide, the demand for raw materials and materials is constantly increasing, being proportional to the growth of the population. In this sense, the demand and production of solid fuels such as coal has grown steadily. At the level of the European Union, due to the restrictive coal extraction policy, production has steadily decreased and coal-producing countries have had to implement closure programs with strict deadlines. As mining networks shrink, there is an intensification of risk factors due to changes in the ventilation system. The paper presents the restructuring of a complex ventilation network.

Download Full-text

European experience in transition to circular economy

Economic Analysis Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/ea.19.4.598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 598-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.V. Ratner

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Action Plan ◽

National Level ◽

The European Union ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

European Experience ◽

General Scientific ◽

The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Risk Factors for African Swine Fever in Lombardy to Identify Pig Holdings and Areas Most at Risk of Introduction in Order to Plan Preventive Measures

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1077

Author(s):

Silvia Bellini ◽

Alessandra Scaburri ◽

Marco Tironi ◽

Stefania Calò

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

European Union ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

The European Union ◽

Z Score ◽

Pork Products ◽

Pig Farms

In 2019, the area of the European Union (EU) affected by African swine fever (ASF) expanded progressively in a southwestern direction from Baltic and eastern countries. The disease can severely affect and disrupt regional and international trade of pigs and pork products with serious socioeconomic damages to the pig industry. Lombardy is one of the most important European pig producers and the introduction of ASF into the pig population could adversely affect the entire sector. A study was carried out to identify the farms and territories in the region most at risk of ASF introduction to plan preventive measures. The pig holdings were identified through a descriptive analysis of pig movements and Social Network Analysis (SNA), while, for the identification of the most exposed municipalities, an assessment of risk factors was carried out using the ranking of summed scores attributed to the Z-score. From the analysis, it was found that 109 municipalities and 297 pig holdings of the region were potentially more at risk, and these holdings were selected for target surveillance. This information was provided to veterinary authority to target surveillance in pig farms, in order to early detect a possible incursion of ASF and prevent its spread.

Download Full-text

MEASURING THE PROGRESS TOWARDS CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

Business Excellence and Management ◽

10.24818/beman/2021.11.1-02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 19-35

Author(s):

Nicolae Pintilie ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Waste Management ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The European Union ◽

Future Directions ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

European Union Countries ◽

Continuous Actions ◽

Consumption Waste

This paper aims to create an image of progress towards circular economy registered by European Union countries through specific indicators. In this way, this paper is based on the study and analysis of the 13 indicators, grouped on 4 pillars: Production and consumption, Waste management, Secondary raw materials, Competitiveness and innovation. After the presentation of the methodology, the paper develops an analysis in time and space of the selected indicators, then an analysis of the countries with their grouping on clusters, creating a map of them and highlighting the current situation of circular economy in the European Union. Moreover, the paper also presents the evolution of the countries regarding circular economy, which has a big importance taking into account that in the European Union the preoccupations for this concept is higher from one period to another. Among the most interesting results are: (1) a massive concentration of countries with problems for Waste management pillar; (2) Europe is one of the regions with the largest contribution in terms of circular economy, but the concept is developing differently from one country to another; (3) The scoreboard evolution is particularly useful in revealing the continuous actions adopted by countries in order to facilitate the conversion to circular economy. Finally, the paper presents possible limits of the research, but also future directions of its development.

Download Full-text

Synthesis of Deuterated Surrogate Standards for the Analysis of Legally Regulated Substances in Cosmetics

10.26434/chemrxiv.13366274.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fariña Beatriz ◽

Carlos González ◽

Manuel Lolo ◽

F. Javier Sardina

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Continuous Improvement ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

The European Union ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Musk Xylene ◽

Harmful Substances ◽

Musk Ambrette

<p>The presence of harmful substances in cosmetic products is regulated in most countries. In the European Union the Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 lays down the requirements for the marketing of cosmetic products. Among others, important families of compounds restricted in the Regulation are musks, allergenic fragrances and phthalates. To ensure product safety, improved analytical methods capable of reliably and reproducibly detecting the presence of traces of prohibited and/or restricted ingredients in raw materials and finished products are required. </p> <p>For the continuous improvement of the reliability of the analytical methods developed to check the compliance of cosmetic products with the Regulation, the use of appropriate surrogate standards or contaminants (substances that are added to the samples to be analyzed to establish the recovery and the reproducibility of the quantification of the analytes) are of utmost importance. One of the best kinds of surrogate standards are isotopically labeled analogs of the analytes of interest. In this work, several synthetic methods have been developed to prepare isotopically labeled analogs of atranol, chloroatranol, di-n-octylphthalate, musk xylene, and musk ambrette, which are restricted substances in cosmetic articles.</p>

Download Full-text

Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sectors: Selected Indicators in European Union and Poland

Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego ◽

10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18(33) (4) ◽

pp. 250-258

Author(s):

Anna Klepacka

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Main Tool ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Solar Heating ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

European Union Countries

The aim of this article was to show the position of Poland in the renewable energy subsectors among the European Union countries. The research covered the areas of biomass, solar heating and heat pumps, showing the degree of their utilization, power required to drive the system and their production in 2016. The provided information was supplemented with a revenues per employee in thousand euros in chosen subsectors of renewable energy sources in the year 2016. The main tool for carrying out the set objective was the use of descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the survey demonstrated Poland’s prominent place in the sector of liquid biofuels (1st place in EU), thanks to the significant supply of raw materials as well as development perspectives in solar energy, which is confirmed by the world's statistics indicating a record number of photovoltaic installations fitted (PV).

Download Full-text

Agricultural performance in the V4 countries and its position in the European Union

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/397/2016-agricecon ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 337-346

Author(s):

Szabo Luboslav ◽

Grznar Miroslav ◽

Zelina Michal

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Farm Income ◽

The European Union ◽

Production Factors ◽

Agricultural Performance ◽

Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽

Visegrad Group ◽

The Eu

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the development of agrarian farms in Visegrad Group (V4) countries, primarily in terms of results and the most important production inputs of production factors and their efficiency in the period from 2004 to 2013 based on the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The results of the analysis show that if farms in the V4 countries want to achieve the same performance as developed countries, they must invest more in purchasing intensification factors and adjust the structure of assets production specification. It will be necessary to stop the reduction in the numbers of livestock and to strive for growth in gross farm income, mainly through the processing of agricultural raw materials.

Download Full-text

Intimate partner violence against young women: prevalence and associated factors in Europe

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209701 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 611-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Belén Sanz-Barbero ◽

Patricia López Pereira ◽

Gregorio Barrio ◽

Carmen Vives-Cases

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

European Union ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Fundamental Rights ◽

Individual Risk ◽

The European Union

BackgroundThe magnitude of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young women is a source of increasing concern. The prevalence of IPV has not been analysed in Europe as a whole. The objective was to assess the prevalence and main characteristics of experiencing physical and/or sexual and psychological-only IPV among young women in the European Union and to identify individual and contextual associated risk factors.MethodsWe analysed a cross-sectional subsample of 5976 ever-partnered women aged 18–29 years from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Violence Against Women Survey, 2012. The main outcomes were current physical and/or sexual IPV and lifetime psychological-only IPV. Risk factors were assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) from multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsCurrent prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV was 6.1%, lifetime prevalence of psychological-only IPV was 28.7%. Having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse by an adult before age 15 was the strongest risk factor for IPV (PR: 2.9 for physical and/or sexual IPV, PR: 1.5 for psychological-only IPV). Other individual risk factors were: perceived major difficulties in living within their household income (PR: 2.6), having children (PR: 1.8) and age 18–24 years (PR: 1.5) for physical/sexual IPV and immigration background for psychological-only IPV (PR: 1.4). Living in countries with a higher prevalence of binge drinking or early school dropout was positively associated with IPV.ConclusionsFindings show that the fight against violence in young women should consider individual characteristics, childhood experiences of abuse and also structural interventions including reduction of alcohol consumption and improvement in the education-related indicators.

Download Full-text