scholarly journals PUR-PIR foam produced based on poly(hydroxybutyl citrate) foamed founded with different factories

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Joanna Liszkowska ◽  
Bogusław Czupryński ◽  
Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska ◽  
Marcin Borowicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Anisotropy Coefficient ◽  
Product Compound

Abstract A poly(hydroxybutyl citrate) p(HBC) was obtained. The product compound produced in the solution during esterification, was added to rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams (PUR-PIR). The amount of petrochemical polyol in the foams was decreased in favor of the p(HBC) from 0.1 to 0.5 equivalent. The foams were foamed in two ways: with distilled water (W foams) and with Solkane 365/227 (S foams). The examination results of both foam series were compared. They showed that the foams foamed with water have higher softening temperature than the foams foamed with solkane. The retention values for both foam series are around 91–95%, and water absorption in the range of 0.7–3.2%. The anisotropy coefficient did not exceed 1.08 (the lowest value being 1.01).

Effect of compatibilizer on the properties of PBS/lignin composites prepared via a vane extruder

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yu Liu ◽  
Fu Quan Chen ◽  
Rui Biao Guo ◽  
GuiZhen Zhang ◽  
JinPing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Flexural Property ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polymers and silanes have been used as the compatibilizer in poly (butylene succinate)/lignin (PBS/lignin) composites. Compatibilized composites were fabricated by a novel vane extruder (VE). The effects of MAH grafted and coupling agent on the mechanical, thermal property, rheological property and water absorption of PBS/lignin were investigated. The results showed that the use of MAH grafted polymers and silanes resulted in significant improvements in flexural property, tensile modulus and tensile strength. Furthermore, MAH grafted polymers and silanes exhibited some improvement on the properties of vicat softening temperature as well as water absorption. The composites treated by MAH grafted polymers and silanes showed non-Newtonian behaviors from rheological tests. A better interfacial adhesion between lignin and matrix was observed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the compatibilized composites.

WATER ABSORPTION BY THE EGGS OF CRICKETS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane ◽  
A. S. K. Ghouri ◽  
C. P. Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Maximal Absorption ◽  
Gryllodes Sigillatus

Absorption of water by the eggs of Acheta configuratus, Gryllodes sigillatus, and a Canadian and a Pakistani strain of Acheta domesticus takes place during early embryonic development. The amount of water absorbed varies from about 60 to 120% of the weight of newly laid eggs, depending on the species or strain. The time of absorption is generally earlier the more rapid is embryonic development, indicating that the embryonic stage during which water is absorbed is similar in all forms. Absorption is more rapid at 33 than at 28 °C. In all forms, a small but rapid loss in water occurs just after maximal absorption; this loss takes place also when the eggs are immersed in distilled water. The incubation periods of the four forms at various temperatures (28–38 °C) are presented.

scholarly journals From Waste to Reuse: Manufacture of Ecological Composites Based on Biopolyethylene/Wood Powder with PE-g-MA and Macaíba oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Santana da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
D D Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Torque Rheometry ◽  
Heat Deflection Temperature ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This work aimed to investigate the biopolyethylene (BioPE)/wood powder (WP) composites compatibilized with polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), using macaíba oil (OM) as a processing aid. The composites were prepared, initially, in an internal mixer and, later, the crushed flakes were molded by injection. Mechanical properties (impact, tensile, flexural and Shore D hardness), heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), water absorption, torque rheometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. The addition of 30% wood powder to the BioPE matrix increased the elastic modulus (tensile and flexural), Shore D hardness and heat deflection temperature (HDT), compared to neat BioPE. These properties were improved when 10% of the PE-g-MA compatibilizer was added, compared to neat BioPE and the non-compatibilized composite. There was a significant reduction in the torque of the composites with the addition of macaíba oil, indicating that it improved the processability. In addition, the incorporation of macaíba oil into the composites helped to reduce water absorption, as well as to increase impact strength. SEM micrographs illustrated a greater degree of interfacial adhesion when PE-g-MA and macaiba oil were added.

scholarly journals Influence of soaking periods and temperatures on germination and respiration of pea seeds

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaghdani ◽  
Zs. Füstös ◽  
G. Horváth ◽  
J. Kissimon
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Water Amount ◽  
Soaking Temperature

Samples of 50 wrinkled-seeded pea (Piston sativum cv. ‘Farida') were soaked for 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours at temperature of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C in distilled water before germination. Water absorption, percent of germination, vigorous seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings were assessed after 8 days. Respiration of short and long seedlings were checked by IRGA, LI-COR 6200 photosyn­thesis system. Most plants had more or less respiration but some of them already had photosynthesis. Differences in the amount of water absorbed were evident after one hour, only. Water amount was increased by increasing soaking temperatures and times. The maximum was achieved after 24 hours. Normal germination percent was not improved at any soaking time and temperature combinations but it was significantly declined at 10 °C with soaking time combinations and at 20 °C for 72 hours. The seedling vigour values were not very different at the higher soaking temperatures, but the treatments at 20 °C temperature with 8 and 24 hour soaking periods are proved to be optimal for seedling vigour. At the low soaking temperature the increase of the soaking period influenced the seedling vigour. Reduction of dry weight percent was noticeable by any soaking time related to temperature and compared with the control.  

scholarly journals Decay resistance, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of a bagasse fiber/plastic composite

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3289-3299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Khalil Hosseinihashemi ◽  
Mahdi Modirzare ◽  
Vahidreza Safdari ◽  
Behzad Kord
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Bagasse Fiber ◽  
Composite Samples

The decay resistance, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of a bagasse fiber/polypropylene composite were evaluated. Brown- (Coniophora puteana) and white-rot (Trametes versicolor) fungal treatments were applied for 8, 12, and 16 weeks according to BS 838:1961 with the kolle-flask method. The brown- and white-rotted, and control composite samples were immersed in distilled water at 2 h and 24 h to measure the water absorption and thickness swelling of samples according to the ASTM D 570-98 requirements. Results indicated that the both lowest (3.2%) and the highest (7.2%) weight loss were observed in the white-rotted composite samples for 8 and 16 weeks fungal exposure times, respectively. The highest hardness (77.6 Shore D) was noted in the control composite samples, and the lowest hardness (65.5 Shore D) was recorded in the white-rotted composite samples. The highest water absorption (10.5%) was observed in the brown-rotted composite samples for 8 weeks fungal exposure time and after 24 h immersion in distilled water, and the lowest (3.8%) was noted in the control composite samples after 2 h immersion in distilled water. The highest thickness swelling (6.3%) was observed in the control composite samples after 24 h immersion in distilled water, and the lowest thickness swelling (1.9%) was found in the white-rotted composite samples for 16 weeks fungal exposure time and after 2 h immersion in distilled water.

scholarly journals Water absorption and improvement of methods for electrical conductivity test in acacia seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Oscar Jose Smiderle ◽  
Pollyana Priscila Schurtz Paulino ◽  
Aline Das Graças Souza
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Times ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Plastic Containers

It was intended in this work to characterize the water absorption standard after seed dormancy break and establishing the amount of water, container size and the need of breaking the tegument dormancy for the application of the electrical conductivity test in small and large seeds of A. mangium with different ages established in poor yielding-capacity soils on savannah areas of Roraima. The seeds were collected on trees 10, 8 and 6 years old, afterwards, classified into large and small, constituting six lots. Germination test with four replications of 50 seeds for each lot on germitest® paper maintained on gerbox at 25°C was carried out. Imbibition was verified with weighing in the times of 0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 120 hours with the seeds placed between papers. The electrical conductivity test consisted of three experiments, distinguished by the amount of water utilized and by the size of the container in which the seeds were immersed. Seeds of A. mangium coming from trees over 10 years old presented increased germination percent and germination speed than seeds of six-year old trees. Small seeds present increased electrical conductivity and water absorption till 120 hours relative to large seeds. The immersion of seeds of A. mangium in 40 mL of distilled water into 180-mL plastic containers, after dormancy break, is indicated for the determination of electrical conductivity.

Effect of Different Solutions on the Handmade Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Mihai Alin Pop ◽  
Virgil Geaman ◽  
Irinel Radomir ◽  
Tibor Bedo ◽  
Ioan Milosan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Biological Interaction ◽  
Experimental Researches

The paper presents the technology for obtaining the composite materials experimental samples � based on a resin reinforced with fiberglass, obtained manually and tested in terms of strength, corrosion behaviour and water absorption. In conducted experiments, these materials are recommended in order to produce finally: containers, tanks, hulls for boats, etc. It was also determined the effect of those solutions on the specimen�s surface. The experimental researches conducted and presented here are not studying and there are not made statements about the compatibility and the biological interaction between the composite material and solutions studied (distilled water, saline solution and acetic acid).

Polymeric composites on the basis of Martian ground for building future mars stations

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Mukbaniani ◽  
J. N. Aneli ◽  
E. G. Markarashvili ◽  
M. V. Tarasashvili ◽  
N. D. Aleksidze
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Flexibility Parameters

AbstractThe colonization of Mars will require obtaining building materials which can be put in place and processed into buildings via various constructive technologies. We tried to use artificial Martian ground – AMG (GEO PAT 11-234 (2015)) and special resins for the preparation of building block prototypes. The composite material has been obtained based on the AMG as filler, epoxy resin (type ED-20) and tetraethoxysilane – TEOS. We have studied strengthening – softening temperatures and water absorption of the AMG polymer composites that are determined by epoxy resin and TEOS modification. Comparison of the experimental results shows that composites containing modified filler have higher values of the maximum ultimate strength, resistance and flexibility parameters than unmodified composites with definite loading. Modified composites also have a higher softening temperature and lower water absorption.

scholarly journals Water Absorption by Hydrogel Using Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jose F. Sobrinho ◽  
Francisca Edineide L. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One ◽  
Fertilizer Solutions

It was sought, in this research, to evaluate the effects of fertilizer solutions on water retention by hydrogel as well as if the application methods and fertilizers affect water retention when the hydrogel is added to the soil. In laboratory works (experiment 1), the completely randomized design was used taking into account four treatments: distilled water; Urea (UR – 2.0 g L-1 ) and Magnesium Sulfate + Monoammonium Phosphate (MS + MAP – 2.0 g L-1  each). Regarding the experiment 2, considering soil columns, a 2x3x2 factorial was used, corresponding to two hydrogel application methods: dry and mixed to the soil or diluted in water and concentrated in the center of the column; three fertilizer solutions: distilled water, UR (2.0 g L-1 ) and MS + MAP (2.0 g L-1  each) with two cycles and three repetitions. An additional witness (hydrogel free) was also added. Total water volume absorbed by hydrogel, volume stored in the soil after each cycle, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of leached solutions were all analyzed. The MS solution was the one who impacted the most the water absorption by the hydrogel, principally when the hydrogel was not present in the soil. The pH and EC of leached solutions evidenced the fertilizer solutions salinity.

scholarly journals Moisture Absorption Behaviour, Extract Yields and Sensory Evaluation of Soaked Cyperus esculentus

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Olayinka O. Elutade ◽  
Olubukola M. Oyawoye ◽  
Ediga B. Agbo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Significant Peak ◽  
Extract Yield

This work investigated the comparison in the moisture absorption behavior, the extract yields and sensory evaluation of brown and yellow varieties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) tubers when soaked in water for tiger nut beverage production. For each tuber variety, 3 g of it was steeped in 30 ml of distilled water for 5 days and periodically re-weighed at 24-hour intervals until the tubers had attained saturated moisture content. Furthermore, 200 g of each variety was steeped in 800 ml of sterile distilled water for periods of 0 hour (control), 24 hours, 48 hours and 96 hours, respectively. At the end of each time interval, the tubers were removed, ground in 800 ml sterile distilled water, sieved, and the beverage liquid filtrate obtained measured as the percentage extract yield for the tuber sample. Aroma, colour, taste and acceptance were the parameters used for sensory evaluation. The brown tubers showed a significantly (P≤0.05) higher moisture absorption behavior than the yellow tubers; the brown and yellow had the highest rate of moisture absorption ability of 52.22% and 35.56%, respectively, occurring after soaking for 24 hours. At same 24 hours of the soaking period, the resultant extracts obtained from the brown and yellow tubers were at a significant peak yields of 92% and 89.5%, respectively. Extracts from the brown tubers were preferred in taste and colour to those from the yellow variety. Water absorption potentials of tiger nut tubers during soaking process, has potential effects on the beverage extraction and quality.

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