scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Mando and Rigasa Areas, Kaduna, Northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A Alimi ◽  
A. Idris-Nda ◽  
O. Ajayi ◽  
C. I. Konwea
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Faecal Coliform Count

Abstract The quality of groundwater from twenty (20) hand-dug wells around the Mando and Rigasa areas, Northwestern Nigeria was evaluated in this study. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl-, HCO3 -, NO3 -, SO4 2- and faecal coliform count were analysed. The degree of compliance of the various parameters with international guidelines for drinking water quality were determined and the groundwater classified. Comparison of the results of physico-chemical analysis with the NSDWQ and WHO guidelines revealed that most of the parameters in the groundwater had 100 % compliance except for pH, Mg2+, NO3 -, K+ and Fe2+ with percentage compliance of 80, 90, 75, 70 and 40, respectively. This indicates that some of the groundwater samples are not suitable for drinking purpose. Groundwater quality map based on the Water Quality Index values for the various groundwater sample showed that most parts of the study area have excellent groundwater quality. The faecal coliform bacteria count ranged from 0 CFU/100 ml to too numerous to count. Only two (2) groundwater samples (10%) complied with the 0 CFU/100 ml guidelines of the NSDWQ and WHO, while the rest eighteen (18) groundwater samples (90 %) have faecal coliform bacteria count above the recommended value. Most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for drinking based on the faecal coliform count. The groundwater samples are suitable for agricultural purposes based on the SAR, RSC and PI classifications. The groundwater in the study area is dominated by Na-Cl and CaHCO3- type facies water.

Analysis of Ground Water Quality Using Statistical Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Keerthy K. ◽  
Sheik Abdullah A. ◽  
Chandran S.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Dug Wells

Urbanization, industrialization, and increase in population lead to depletion of ground water quantity and also deteriorate the ground water quality. Madurai city is one of the oldest cities in India. In this chapter the ground water quality was assessed using various statistical techniques. Groundwater samples were collected from 11 bore wells and 5 dug wells in Post-monsoon season during 2002. Samples were analysed for physico-chemical characterization in the laboratory. Around 17 physico-chemical parameters were analysed for all the samples. The descriptive statistical analysis was done to understand the correlation between each parameter. Cluster Analysis was carried out to identify the most affected bore well and dug well in the Madurai city.

scholarly journals Determining groundwater facies and water quality index in Tanah Bumbu Regency/South Borneo Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Rahmad S. Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Most people in Tanah Bumbu Regency use water from dug wells for their daily activities. Kotabaru Regency is located in Pagatan Groundwater Basin, which is located in three administrative boundaries, namely Tanah Laut Regency, Tanah Bumbu Regency, The purposes of this study are to determine the type of groundwater facies and Water Quality Index (WQI). The methods were hydrogeological mapping and hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater samples to evaluate groundwater quality. There were 170 groundwater samples mapped in the study area. The study area has differences in groundwater quality in both confined aquifer and unconfined aquifer. The unconfined aquifer has two types of groundwater facies, namely Ca-Mg-HCO3 (Calcium Magnesium Bicarbonate) and Ca-Cl (Calcium Chloride). In comparison, the confined aquifer has two types, which are Ca-Mg-HCO3- (Calcium Magnesium Bicarbonate) and Na-HCO3- (Sodium Bicarbonate). Based on the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) of unconfined aquifer samples show that 70% of groundwater samples have poor quality. Meanwhile, the confined aquifer samples indicate that 85% of groundwater samples have good to excellent, which is suitable for drinking water.

scholarly journals Water quality at the source and incidence of water borne diseases in rural households of South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3958
Author(s):  
Thayyil Jayakrishnan ◽  
Bhaskar Rao ◽  
Milu Elizabath Cyriac ◽  
P. S. Harikumar ◽  
Jeeja Mathummal Cherumanalil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Faecal Coliform Count ◽  
Water Borne

Background: The relation of water quality indicators and water borne diseases (WBD) is not properly studied in tropical countries like India. Most of the studies done were cross sectional which reported only point prevalence. This tends to under-estimate and is not adequate to explain the relation. In this context to assess the incidence of water born diseases in relation to household drinking water quality, a longitudinal prospective study was conducted.Methods: The study was conducted in a South Indian state, in a rural area among the members of 300 households by weekly data collection for one year. Water samples were collected and analysis was done thrice corresponding to the climate. Bacterial quality indicators - Total coliform count (TCC), Faecal coliform count (FCC) and E. coli were estimated. The data were processed and analyzed.Results: From 300 households, total 1459 persons were enrolled. During the 12 months period, 72 episodes of WBDs were recorded with incidence rate of 49/1000 person years. Proportional morbidity due to WBD was 11.9%. The WBD reported were ADD, dysentery and hepatitis A. Up to 30% water sources contained E. coli in summer and winter samples and more than 60% in rainy samples. Faecal coliform count was >10 MPN/100 ml in all the seasons in more than 60% water sourcesConclusions: Most of the main water source wells were contaminated. Contamination was more in rainy season. Incidence of WBD has no correlation with water quality indicators in all the seasons (p≥0.05).

GEOPHYSICAL AND WATER QUALITY INDEX SURVEYS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AROUND UGBOR DUMPSITE IN BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4383-4393
Author(s):  
Osabuohien Idehen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vertical Electric Sounding ◽  
Geoelectric Layer

This study takes a look into groundwater quality at Ugbor Dumpsite area using water quality index (WQI), 2-Dimensional (2-D) geophysical resistivity tomography and vertical electric sounding (VES).The geophysical resistivity methods employed revealed the depth to aquifer, the geoelectric layers being made up of lateritic topsoil, clayed sand and sand. Along the trasverse line in the third geoelectric layer of lateral distance of 76 m to 100 m is a very low resistivity of 0.9 to 13 m from a depth range o f about 3 to 25 m beneath the surface- indicating contamination. Water samples were collected and analyzed at the same site during the raining season and during the dry season. The value of water quality index during the raining season was 115.92 and during the dry season was 147.43. Since values at both seasons were more than 100, it implies that the water is contaminated to some extent and therefore poor for drinking purpose. The Water Quality Index was established from important analyses of biological and physico-chemical parameters with significant health importance. These values computed for dumpsite area at Ugbor were mostly contributed by the seasonal variations in the concentrations of some parameters, such as, conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, nitrates, calcium,  phosphates, zinc, which showed significant differences (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in seasonal variation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aleem ◽  
Cao Shun ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Arslan Aslam ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

The industrial augmentation and unguided anthropogenic activities contaminate water sources in most parts of the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan. High concentration of pollutants in groundwater affects human, soil, and crop health badly. The present study was conducted to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in an industrial zone of Pakistan. A GIS tool was used to investigate the spatial distribution of different physico-chemical parameters. In this study, the average results exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were found for pH 7.84, total dissolved solids (TDS) 1492 mg/L, phosphate 0.51 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO) 9.92% saturation, F-coli 6.48 colonies/100 mL, Na+ 366 mg/L, HCO3− 771 mg/L, sulfate 251 mg/L, chlorides 427 mg/L, total hardness (as CaCO3) 292 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) 2408 μS/cm, iron (Fe) 0.48 mg/L, chrome (Cr) 0.50 mg/L, arsenic (As) 0.04 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) 0.17 mg/L, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 9.76 (in meq/L), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 9.28 meq/L, % ion balance 14.4 (in meq/L), percentage sodium ion (% Na+) concentration 58.9 meq/L, and water quality index (WQI) 69.0. The trend of cations and anions were (in meq/L) Na > Mg > Ca > K and HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 respectively. Although the results of the present study showed poor conditions of the groundwater for drinking as WQI but and irrigation purposes as SAR, it needs to improve some more conditions for the provision of safe drinking water and irrigation water quality.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR TANAH AKIBAT PENGARUH SUNGAI KLAMPOK YANG TERCEMAR LIMBAH INDUSTRI DI KECAMATAN BERGAS SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH (Analysis of Groundwater Quality Due to Effect Klampok River that was Contaminated Industrial Waste in Bergas Semarang Central Java)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sepridawati Siregar ◽  
Desi Kiswiranti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Quality Testing

AbstrakSungai Klampok mengalir melalui Kecamatan Bergas dan sekelilingnya terdapat beberapa industri sehingga mengakibatkan sungai tersebut tercemar karena menjadi badan penerima air limbah. Akibat penurunan kualitas air Sungai Klampok akan berimbas pada penurunan kualitas air tanah yang digunakan oleh penduduk sekitar sungai tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air tanah yang berada di sekitar Sungai Klampok sebagai akibat adanya pengaruh beban pencemaran oleh air limbah industri berdasarkan Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang persyaratan kualitas air bersih. Lokasi pengambilan sampel air sungai dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun (LK1, LK2 dan LK3) sedangkan untuk sampel airtanah dari rumah-rumah penduduk dilakukan pada 6 titik yaitu 3 titik di daerah utara dari Sungai Klampok (U1,U2, U3) dan 3 titik di daerah selatan dari Sungai Klampok (S1,S2, S3). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada musim kemarau. Dari hasil uji kualitas air sungai, pencemaran yang terjadi pada air sungai Klampok masuk dalam kategori tercemar ringan-sedang. Sedangkan hasil uji kualitas air tanah masih berada di bawah baku mutu yang disyaratkan oleh Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990, sehingga penurunan kualitas air sungai Klampok tidak mempengaruhi kualitas air tanah di sekitar sungai tersebut. AbstractThe Klampok River flows through the Bergas Subdistrict and there are a number of industries around it, causing the river to become polluted because it becomes the body of the recipient of wastewater. As a result of the decline in the quality of the water in the Klampok River, it will impact on the quality of groundwater used by residents around the river. This study aims to determine the quality of groundwater around the Klampok River as a result of the influence of pollution load by industrial wastewater based on Permenkes No. 416 / MENKES / PER / IX / 1990 concerning requirements for clean water quality. The location of river water sampling is divided into 3 stations (LK1, LK2, and LK3) while for groundwater samples from residential houses is carried out at 6 points, namely 3 points in the northern area of Klampok River (U1, U2, U3) and 3 points in the area south of the Klampok River (S1, S2, S3). Sampling is done in the dry season. From the results of the test of river water quality, pollution that occurs in Klampok river water is categorized as mild-moderate polluted. While the results of groundwater quality testing are still below the quality standards required by Permenkes No. 416 / MENKES / PER / IX / 1990 so that the decline in the water quality of the Klampok river does not affect the quality of groundwater around the river.

scholarly journals Entropy weight application for calculating groundwater quality index (EWQI) in groundwater quality zoning in Pleistocene aquifer in the Phu My town, Ba Ria – Vung Tau province

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Au ◽  
Tran Minh Bao ◽  
Pham Thi Tuyet Nhi ◽  
Tat Hong Minh Vy ◽  
Truong Tan Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Entropy Weight Method

Groundwater in Phu My town is exploited essentially in Pleistocene aquifer and, used for many purposes like irrigation, domestic, production and animal husbandry. In this study, Groundwater Quality Index (EWQI) is calculated with Entropy weight method to determine the suitability of groundwater quality in study area. This method demonstrates the objectivity of each parameter calculated based on the degree of variability of each value and depends on the sample data source. The groundwater samples were collected from 17 wells in dry and wet seasons in 2017 with ten water quality parameters (pH, TDS, TH, Cl-, F-, NH4+-N, NO3--N, SO42-, Pb và Fe2+) were selected for analysising. The analysis results indicate groundwater quality is divided into 4 categories in this study area. In particular, over 70% of wells are "very good" water quality in both dry and wet seasons. Only 6% of wells are " water unsuitable for drinking purpose" of the total number of mornitoring wells in the study area.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Total and Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water of Khairpur City

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussain Shar ◽  
Yasmeen F Kazi ◽  
Miandad Zardari ◽  
Irshad Hussain Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Health Organization

Total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria were analyzed in drinking water of Khairpur city. Ninty samples were collected from main reservoir (source), distribution line and consumer taps. pH and residual chlorine of water samples were also determined. For bacteriological analysis inductively membrane filtration (MF) method was used for total coliform (TC) as well as faecal (FC) coliform bacteria. All samples were found contaminated with total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) and the counts were higher than the maximum microbial contaminant level (MMCL) established by World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that pH was within the limits of WHO standard (6.5-8.5). The residual chlorine was not detected in any sample of drinking water. Bacteriologically the water quality of the drinking water is unsatisfactory.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, Water quality, Contamination, SanitationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1266

scholarly journals Isolation of Food-Borne Microorganisms from Atlantic Mackerel and Disinfection of the Raw Fish by Radiation, Low Temperature and Combination Treatments

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Manik Hossain ◽  
M Kamruzzaman Munshi ◽  
Rasheda Yasmin Shilpi ◽  
Harun Or-Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Combination Treatments

An investigation was undertaken for the isolation and identification of fish-borne microorganisms from mackerel fish (Scomberomorus guttatus) collected from Savar Bazar. Radiation, low temperature (-20°C) and combination treatments were then applied for the decontamination of associated organisms. The ranges of total viable bacterial count, total coliform count, total faecal coliform count and total staphylococcal count varied from 6.5 x 104 to 1.04 x 105, 2 x 102 to 4.0 x 102, 0 to 1 x 102 and 4.4 x 104 to 3.8 x 104 cfu/g respectively, while the total fungal count was nil. Sixty-four bacterial isolates were identified including Staphylococcus (19%), Micrococcus (11%), Enterobacter (8%), Klebsiella (17%), Bacillus (19%), Escherichia (17%) and Pseudomonas (9%). To disinfect the microorganisms, the samples were irradiated at different doses (0-10.0 kGy) of gamma irradiation. Total coliform and total faecal coliform bacteria were inactivated below the detectable level at 2.5 kGy of irradiation. The number of total viable bacteria decreased by three logs when irradiated at 5.0 kGy and the number of Staphylococcus bacteria were eliminated completely after the irradiation dose of 5.0 kGy. During frozen storage, the total viable bacterial counts were gradually declined in all the samples. After six months of storage the bacterial counts were decreased about one log in all of the samples. It has been observed that combination treatments (irradiation and freezing) are more effective than the single treatment for eliminating the fish-borne bacteria. Keywords: Mackerel fish; Microbial contamination; Irradiation; Low temperatureDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4871 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 105-109

scholarly journals Effect of Modified Septic Tank on Groundwater Quality around Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, South-west Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Kofoworola Olatunde ◽  
Modupe Sarumi ◽  
Sadiq Abdulsalaam ◽  
Babatunde Bada ◽  
Funmilola Oyebanji
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells

Groundwater forms a very important part of the water supply chain and its quality can be affected by improperly constructed septic tanks used by homeowners in peri-urban locations such as Abeokuta in recent times. Sixty groundwater samples collected from hand-dug wells ≤15m from septic tanks were analysed for physicochemical and bacteriological parameters using standard procedures. Results were integrated with multivariate and hydrogeochemical analyses to assess the effect improperly built septic tanks have on groundwater quality around the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The range of values for the measured parameters include: pH (6.26 – 8.66), EC (83 – 1035 μS cm-1), TDS (42 – 621 mg L-1), Mg2+ (2 – 60 mg L-1), NO3- (5.09 – 17 mg L-1), Fe (-.04 – 5.32 mg L-1), BOD (0.1 – 13.2) and E. Coli (ND – 41×10 cfu mL-1). The abundance of major ions are in the order Ca2+˃Mg2+˃K+˃ Na+ and Cl- ˃SO42- >HCO3- >NO3- ˃PO42-. The piper trilinear plot shows that the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area is the Ca2+–Cl- type. A correlation analysis and a principal component analysis both reflect intrusions from biological wastes such as surrounding septic tanks or municipal waste disposals as well as dissolutions from basal rocks. The possibility of infiltration from sewage into groundwater is confirmed by the number of samples with high BOD, NO3-, and E. coli concentrations. Contamination of groundwater with sewage exposes the populace to acute excreta-related illness. This therefore calls for stringent monitoring and management measures to be put in place by relevant regulatory authorities to safeguard the human health and environment within the study area.

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