scholarly journals Police in the nation state - an apolitical and independent institution?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Ruling Party

Abstract Police is one of the most important institution related to security in nation state, which in the era of globalization is subject to constant changes. The police as institution was established to protect peoples safety and to maintain public safety and order. In order to be able to effectively carry out its tasks, the police must have social trust and be perceived as an independent and apolitical institution. Can the institution in which the politicians of the ruling party decide about who will hold the highest positions be independent and apolitical? What can be the social consequences and consequences for national security resulting from the actions of police related to the implementation of political decisions related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and social protests of October 2020? This paper is a voice in the discussion on this topic.

D?r al-?arb as the Motherland? The Muslim Tatars of (the Grand Duchy of) Lithuania and Social Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Grand Duchy

Muslim presence in Lithuania, though already addressed from many angles, has not hitherto been approached from either the perspective of the social contract theories or of the compliance with Muslim jurisprudence. The author argues that through choice of non-Muslim Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their adopted Motherland, Muslim Tatars effectively entered into a unique (yet, from the point of Hanafi fiqh, arguably Islamically valid) social contract with the non-Muslim state and society. The article follows the development of this social contract since its inception in the fourteenth century all the way into the nation-state of Lithuania that emerged in the beginning of the twentieth century and continues until the present. The epitome of the social contract under investigation is the official granting in 1995 to Muslim Tatars of a status of one of the nine traditional faiths in Lithuania with all the ensuing political, legal and social consequences for both the Muslim minority and the state.

scholarly journals Strategies of National States in the Face of Global Threats: New Assessment Criteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
L.A. Kalinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Modern Nation State

the article analyzes the main actors in the development and implementation of the strategy on the world stage in the face of globalization and global threats and risks. The methodological basis of the study is the paradigm of sociosynergetic approach to the essence of the modern nation state and transnational actors, world organizations. The author builds a set of consistent theoretical provisions of the main national schools in the sphere of public administration and embeds in the methodological foundation the author’s theory of social organization of public service. The author’s methodology is presented, allowing to investigate the social consequences of making national state decisions on the way out of global crises and countering global threats. The results of studies of strategies of national states to overcome crisis situations have been disclosed. It is concluded that the key condition of success in the fight against global threats – the social nature of the modern nation-state.

scholarly journals Ideological Underpinnings for Pakistan (1947 onwards)

2020 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Ashraf ◽  
Fariha Ahmad Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Nation State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Foreign Policies

Starting with Islam to base the framework and working of a nation state andthen leading the state based on varying interpretations of the same ideology (Islam) including liberal interpretations, socialism, sharia, moderate version of it- Pakistan is one of those states which have been basing itsnational narrative on ideology. Ideology thus brought more challenges than achieving national objectives and national interests. Additionally, ideological underpinnings and its various indices made it easy for political elite to further their schema and safeties and get peoples backing as legitimacy for their vested political interests. This respective paper anticipates to analyze this very attitude of political elite as they counted on and exploited ideological beliefs of masses along with manipulating their belief for own peculiar interests and get backing for their flawed domestic and foreign policies. Furthermore, this paper aims at assessing how political elite managed to fragment the social and political fabric with their vague reliance on ideological indexes, thus fetching national security challenges.

scholarly journals On the realness of people who do not exist: the social processing of artificial faces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Tucciarelli ◽  
Neza Vehar ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social

Today more than ever, we are asked to judge the realness, truthfulness and trustworthiness of our social world. We here focus on how people perceive artificially-generated faces. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) faces are realistic-looking faces of non-existing people, increasingly used in marketing, journalism, social media, and political propaganda. Across three studies, we investigated if and how participants can distinguish between GAN and Real faces and the social consequences of exposure to artificial faces. GAN faces were more likely to be perceived as real than Real faces, a pattern partly explained by certain intrinsic stimuli characteristics. Moreover, participants’ realness judgments influenced their behaviour, displaying increased social conformity towards faces perceived as real, independently of their actual realness. Lastly, knowledge about the existence of GAN faces eroded social trust. Our findings point to the potentially far-reaching consequences of the ubiquitous use of GAN faces in a culture powered by images at unprecedented levels.

TrustSVD: A Novel Trust-Based Matrix Factorization Model with User Trust and Item Ratings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sobha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Recommendation Algorithm ◽  
Active User ◽  
Factorization Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Matrix Factorization Technique

Collaborative filtering suffers from the problems of data sparsity and cold start, which dramatically degrade recommendation performance. To help resolve these issues, we propose TrustSVD, a trust-based matrix factorization technique. By analyzing the social trust data from four real-world data sets, we conclude that not only the explicit but also the implicit influence of both ratings and trust should be taken into consideration in a recommendation model. Hence, we build on top of a state-of-the-art recommendation algorithm SVD++ which inherently involves the explicit and implicit influence of rated items, by further incorporating both the explicit and implicit influence of trusted users on the prediction of items for an active user. To our knowledge, the work reported is the first to extend SVD++ with social trust information. Experimental results on the four data sets demonstrate that our approach TrustSVD achieves better accuracy than other ten counterparts, and can better handle the concerned issues.

THE ISSUES OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IN THE WORK OF THE WORLD RUSSIAN PEOPLE'S COUNCIL IN THE 1990-S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. IERUSALIMSKY ◽  
◽  
A.B. RUDAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Nuclear Component ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the study of such an important aspect of the activities of the World Russian People's Council (until 1995 it was called the World Russian Council) in the 90-s of the 20-th century as a discussion of national security issues and nuclear disarmament. At that time, a number of political and public figures actively called for the nuclear disarmament of Russia. Founded in 1993, the World Russian Council called for the Russian Federation to maintain a reasonable balance between reducing the arms race and fighting for the resumption of detente in international relations, on the one hand, and maintaining a powerful nuclear component of the armed forces of the country, on the other. The resolutions of the World Russian Council and the World Russian People's Council on the problems of the new concepts formation of foreign policy and national security of Russia in the context of NATO's eastward movement are analyzed in the article. It also shows the relationship between the provisions of the WRNS on security and nuclear weapons issues with Chapter VIII of the «Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church».

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louçã Francisco ◽  
Ash Michael
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
First Century ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Global Restructuring ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Mode Of Production

This book investigates two questions, how did finance become hegemonic in the capitalist system; and what are the social consequences of the rise of finance? We do not dwell on other topics, such as the evolution of the mode of production or the development of class conflict over the longer run. Our theme is not the genesis, history, dynamics, or contradictions of capitalism but, instead, we address the rise of financialization beginning in the last quarter of the twentieth century and continuing into the twenty-first century. Therefore, we investigate the transnationalization of the circuits and processes of capital accumulation that originated the expansion and financialization of the mechanisms of production, social reproduction, and hegemony, including the ideology, the functioning of the states, and the political decision making. We do not discuss the prevailing neoliberalism as an ideology, although we pay attention to the creation and diffusion of ideas, since we sketch an overview of the process of global restructuring of production and finance leading to the prevalence of the shadow economy....

The Social Consequences of Phubbing

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

Recent empirical work suggests that phubbing, a term used to describe the practice of snubbing someone with a phone during a face-to-face social interaction, harms the quality of social relationships. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter presents a framework that integrates three concurrent mechanisms that explain the relational impact of phubbing: expectancy violations, ostracism, and attentional conflict. Based on this framework, theoretically grounded propositions are formulated that may serve as guidelines for future research on these mechanisms, the conditions under which they operate, and a number of potential issues that need to be considered to further validate and extend the framework.

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