Saudi Influence on Pakistan's Policy Choices: Causes and Effects

The long standing friendly ties between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have been demanding. Pakistan's state sovereignty has been under deficit while during its engagements with Riyadh, as Riyadh provided lucrative incentive to Pakistan, thus respective dependence demanded Pakistan for modelling its diplomatic engagements as per former's inclinations and bringing state sovereignty under threat, thus bringing challenges for Pakistan too. This particular research tends to analyze the Saudi interests in Pakistan and also how Saudi Arabia has managed to win Pakistan in a way where it can influence Islamabad's policy choices. The article would assess and analyze the challenges that Pakistan faces in the backdrop of Saudi influenced policy choices along with the recommendation how Pakistan can trespass this dependence on Kingdom and its subsequent challenges.

Peace Building through Religious Tourism in Pakistan: A Case Study of Kartarpur Corridor

Pakistan is an Islamic democratic country where all the minorities as well as tourist from all over the world can practices according to their belief freely. Pakistan has many religious sites of shrines and temples. Gurnanak Sahib stayed his last eighteen years of his life at Kartarpur, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. His grave is located in Pakistan, just 3 km from the border with India. Sikh see this grave through a telescope across the Indian border of popular religious thought. The Government of Pakistan addresses the problems of the Sikh community, and the Kartalpur corridor in the Sikh community is innovative for the entire Sikh community. These Sikh communities can visit the holy saints of Kartapur without a visa. Fortunately, the first recommendation from Pakistan allowed us to see the whole event religiously. This step is not only appreciated by the Sikh community. Therefore, Pakistan is a peaceful country and treats other religions as an Islamic state. Every year including Muslims visitors from different countries come to Pakistan for holy shrines like Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhist and charistians.

Role of Media in the Politics of Pakistan (2000-2019)

Media has become an important part of every society. However, the role of media differs from society to society. Media in Pakistan has also become an important pillar of State. Before 2000, Print media and electronic media were the key tools of information and communication. However, since 2000 media is enjoying liberty to express the reality and facts. In this regard, President Musharaf has played positive role to allow the freedom and liberty to media. Moreover, now social media is also playing significant role to provide access to all citizens to rest of world. Media plays significant role in the general elections of Pakistan. Media has the ability to affect the elections via giving more or less coverage to some specific candidates and parties. Therefore, during elections and after elections, media keep an eye on the policies and actions of ruling party. However, there should be consensus among different channels on sensitive issues especially related with the security of Pakistan like Civil-Military relations, role of army, centre-province relations, and terrorism, religious and ethnic issues. As media is a key tool to create harmony and peace in Pakistani society.

Ideological Underpinnings for Pakistan (1947 onwards)

Starting with Islam to base the framework and working of a nation state andthen leading the state based on varying interpretations of the same ideology (Islam) including liberal interpretations, socialism, sharia, moderate version of it- Pakistan is one of those states which have been basing itsnational narrative on ideology. Ideology thus brought more challenges than achieving national objectives and national interests. Additionally, ideological underpinnings and its various indices made it easy for political elite to further their schema and safeties and get peoples backing as legitimacy for their vested political interests. This respective paper anticipates to analyze this very attitude of political elite as they counted on and exploited ideological beliefs of masses along with manipulating their belief for own peculiar interests and get backing for their flawed domestic and foreign policies. Furthermore, this paper aims at assessing how political elite managed to fragment the social and political fabric with their vague reliance on ideological indexes, thus fetching national security challenges.

Ethical and Moral Development of Contemporary Pakistani Society and its Implications in the Light of Shah Wali Ullah's Philosophy of Ethics

Ethical and moral values are the fundamental prerequisites of any society as they play a significant role in its progress. Moreover, the behaviors of the citizens and their attitudes are all shaped and polished by the ethics and morality in any society. Islam possess a significant rank in the world because of its ethics that are based upon justice and human rights. The contemporary Pakistani society has been hit by numerous global challenges due to various reasons. In order to stand firm and strong against these challenges Pakistanis need to follow the ethical and moral guideline of Islam that is prescribed by Allah in His Holy Scripture-Quran and Prophet SAWW's Sunnah. The commandments of Allah and guidance from Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa SAWW is greatly comprehended and interpreted by Shah Wali Ullah- and excellent Islamic scholar. Also, he has authored several books in which he has deciphered Islamic teachings through his philosophical ideologies. These theories are the ray of light in this era of challenges for the contemporary Muslim society. Ideal Muslim society based on Islamic principles of ethics and morality can be established by following the philosophy of the terrific revivalist of Muslim Ummah-Shah Wali Ullah. Here I am going to highlight Ethical and Moral Development process for Contemporary Pakistan Society in the light of Shah Wali Ullah's Ethical Philosophy.

Effects of Media on General Elections Turn-out in Pakistan

This research is a struggle to explore the role of media in election turn-out. In history a state was based on free judiciary, legislature and executive power but in 21st century 4th pillar of the state was appeared and this is media (free media). As time passed media turn into more and more influential and significant. This research was conducted in Bahawalpur City that was titled the princely state in history and now became a major city of southern Punjab. Using survey method, data has been collected from 500 respondents as sample technique of available and convenient, selected 250 respondents from urban areas and 250 from rural areas. Respondent's age is 26 years to onwards for both male and female. Questionnaire was based on 23 close ended questions. Current research conducted in the light of "Agenda Setting Theory" and "Gate Keeping Theory" which conclude that media has played an important role in enhancing the turnout in general election 2013. In general election of 2013, media aware public to cast vote for their country and for the progress and to strengthen the democracy in Pakistan. People of urban areas especially educated people attract more to media for political awareness as compare to rural area's people. Moreover, talk shows during electioneering period and live transmission during elections appeal to the people for vote casting. Research also concludes that biradriism, peer group, political party policy and opinion leaders also plays positive role to enhance the turn-out in general election of 2013.

Pak- Saudi- Iran relations in the view of IMA

Dubbed as the NATO of the Muslim world- Islamic Military Alliance (IMA) since its inception has been quite a ride, may or may not be as an alliance in itself or its proposed functions, but surely for the bilateral ties between the three powers of the Islamic worlds Pakistan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and The Islamic Republic of Iran. The military alliance has made the three countries to sketch their future ties carefully by analyzing the possible outcomes of any wrong decision, for the geostrategic challenges of the region has exacerbated if viewed in the wake of Islamic Military Alliance. This paper will be analyzing how IMA shaped the relations between these states and how they have been trying to cope with the challenges and response to the challenges that appeared for each state in the aftermath of the formation of IMA.

Impact of Innovative Work Behavior on the Performance of Agile Project Management in Pakistan

In recent years, Pakistan's computer software market has experienced steady growth. Agile is the iterative approach in software industry. Innovation by employees is one of the best ways to enhance innovation and organizational success. The customer wants new and innovative products. This required an effective innovative behavior. New ideas affect the performance of projects positively or negatively and became the reason of project success or project failure. Based on 223 responses collected from the software industry in Pakistan. To test descriptive analysis and correlation Cronbach alpha and SPSS was used. The study found that Idea Exploration was significantly related to agile project performance. Idea Generation also was significantly related to agile project performance. Idea Championing also was significantly related to agile project performance. Idea Implementation also was significantly related to agile project performance. The findings of this study help the project managers to implement better strategies and plan for agile project management success. The study has implications for both theoretical and practical professionals working in software industry of Pakistan.

Water Crisis in Pakistan: Management and Remedial Measures

Water insecurity is defined as the lack of a reliable source of water, of appropriate quality and quantity to meet the needs of the local human population and environment. As economic development continues, water consumption increases - and thus this is becoming a long-term cause of water insecurity. Pakistan is already the third most water-stressed country in the world. Its per capita annual water availability is 1,017 cubic meters - perilously close to the scarcity threshold of 1,000 cubic meters. Back in 2009, Pakistan's water availability was about 1,500 cubic meter. Pakistan ranks nine in the list of top 10 countries with lowest access to clean water where 21 million of the total population of 207 million does not have access to clean water. We need efficient and integrated management of water in view of its increasing demands visa-vis depleting reserves. God has created this commodity according to the requirements of mankind. However without management, it is not sustainable.

Profiling of Human Tragedy in Kashmir and Kashmir Movement: Post Revocation of Article 370

This research paper is an attempt to make a comprehensive profile of human tragedies occurred in Kashmir, look into the sources of human tragedies and provide contemporary developments regarding the issue of human tragedy in Kashmir. This paper also highlights the severe crimes being committed in Kashmir which have affected lives of millions of people in living in Kashmir. There are numerous cases which reflect the violation of humanitarian laws in Kashmir by the Indian on ground troops in the valley. This research paper looks at the massive level of violation of human rights protected in UN charter. Pressing problems such as force full abduction, extrajudicial killings, and violation of political rights, liberty and even right to life will be discussed with comprehensive case studies. In later part Kashmir movement will be introduced and will elaborate its effectiveness in resistance against Indian brutalities.