scholarly journals Occupational medicine in Sibiu: the switch from historical diseases to the current and emergent ones

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Mihaela Stoia
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hazard Surveillance ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Centralized System

AbstractThis study aimed to provide a brief historical overview of occupational medicine in Sibiu County combined with epidemiological evidence and trends in occupational diseases useful to design an agenda for future research and development of other components. Methods: to depict a model of circumstances, correlations, and trends, we applied to the local employee population a semi-structured narrative review method combined with the analysis of occupational diseases. The search strategy relied on literature and document review to create a timeline. We used a statistic chart histogram to highlight the most significant factors. Results: since 1950, concerning the industrial profile and the significant health effects on workers, we identified six stages of developing an occupational health network. The coverage was both for medical and hazard surveillance through a centralized system in the communist regime and recovery in the unique Sanatorium for occupational diseases established in the area. Occupational medicine private health services and the Faculty of Medicine from Sibiu appeared in the 1990s. Sibiu’s occupational disease model was a particular one in the 20th century, given the burden of lead poisoning from local industries. Infectious diseases in medical staff related to sporadic epidemics and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as an emergent professional risk pose new current challenges for occupational medicine. Conclusion: unique challenges increase the need for occupational epidemiologic research and the need for advances in other components of occupational health, but lessons from the past and traditional methods are well documented and still valuable.

Engagement in Health and Safety at the Workplace

2016 ◽  
pp. 265-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Magnavita
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Participatory Ergonomics ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Term Management

Dramatic changes in the age structure of the population have led to a rise in the age of retirement. An ageing working population may be a problem for companies and for their health and safety services that must face the long-term management of active, chronically ill workers. For sustainability reasons the discipline of occupational medicine must be replaced by occupational health, which not only combats occupational diseases, but actively works to promote the health of older workers. More in general, occupational health has a strong interest in promoting engagement in professional activities. Shifting from a reactive to a proactive logic will take time and require a big effort on the part of employers, employees and health and safety staff in order to develop participatory ergonomics and best health promotion practices in the workplace.

scholarly journals Pathology and occupational health in open-hearth and rolling shops. Edited by prof. E. M. Kogan and Dr. I. Ya. Shtrum. Ukrainian State Institute of Occupational Pathology and Hygiene (formerly the Institute of Occupational Medicine). Stalin's branch. Stalin's Publishing House "Dictatorship of Labor". 1928 465 pp. 1928 465 pages. "Proceedings and Materials" of the Institute. Issue VII

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-453
Author(s):  
M. M. Gran
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Central State ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
History Of

Edited by prof. E. M. Kogan and Dr. I. Ya. Shtrum. Ukrainian State Institute of Occupational Pathology and Hygiene (formerly the Institute of Occupational Medicine). Stalin's branch. Stalin. Publishing house "Dictatorship of Labor". 1928 465 pages. "Proceedings and Materials" of the Institute. Issue Vii. This January marked the 5th anniversary of the existence of the "Ukrainian State Institute of Pathology and Occupational Health" (until 1928, it was called the "Ukrainian Institute of Working Medicine"). This jubilee, modest in time, was solemnly celebrated. This institute, like a number of similar institutes, is the "brainchild of Soviet medicine". This is a new type of research institutes, born of the October Revolution, dedicated to the study of the problem of labor along the lines of "occupational pathology" and "occupational hazards". In the USSR we now have a whole network of similar institutions in the capital and large industrial centers (Moscow 4 institutes, Leningrad, Kharkov with several branches in Ukraine, Sverdlovsk, Rostov n / A, Baku); in a wide - on a predominantly industrial periphery - we have up to 30 similar small institutes under various names - "offices and laboratories for the study of occupational pathology", "offices of social pathology", "occupational dispensaries", etc. The history of all these institutes is a little more than 5 years; the first and "oldest" in this short history is the Institute. Butt in Moscow to serve Moscow and the Moscow province; the first "Clinic of Social and Occupational Diseases" was the Clinic of the 1st MGU (now the Central State Institute for the Study of Occupational Diseases). The Ukrainian Institute is also one of the "oldest" ones. All these institutes already have an interesting and rich chronicle of scientific research searches and works. This is evidenced by the history of the Ukrainian Institute. This is evidenced by the VII scientific collection, devoted to one of our most important industries - metallurgical, one of the most difficult areas - the study of "pathology and occupational health in open-hearth and rolling shops". These workshops, as you know, are the most difficult and difficult in terms of working conditions, and are burdened with the greatest "occupational hazards and occupational pathology."

Work, Disease, and Occupational Medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Deppe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Occupational Health Care ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany

The development of occupational diseases, accidents, and injuries is analyzed within the framework of social, technological, and economic development in the Federal Republic of Germany. The interaction between economic crisis and occupational accidents is described and the distribution and origins of occupational accidents discussed. Finally, the occupational health care system in the Federal Republic is analyzed.

scholarly journals Occupational diseases and general practitioners

Sigurnost ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-356
Author(s):  
Renata Ecimović Nemarnik ◽  
Marija Bubaš ◽  
Denis Lisica Mandek ◽  
Zoran Šimurina ◽  
Hrvoje Radić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Education Courses

SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to investigate the views of general practitioners regarding the reporting of occupational diseases and the possible link between work status, sickness and assessment of work ability with occupational diseases. The study also places focus on the need to improve collaboration with occupational medicine specialists, on general practitioners' need for education in certain areas of occupational health and occupational diseases, and on topics and ways of implementing education. The subjects were family physicians and general practitioners (50) employed in community health centers in Zagreb. The reported occupational diseases in family physician's surgeries were analyzed. It was found that 26% respondents reported occupational disease, 70% did not report it, and 4% did not know whether or not they had reported occupational disease in the last five years. The most commonly reported occupational diseases were diseases of the musculoskeletal system (38%) and skin diseases (38%). The reasons given for not reporting occupational diseases were that doctors were not aware that those were occupational diseases (91%), and because they feared that the patient may get fired (9%). The vast majority of respondents (94%) agreed that it is necessary to improve cooperation between family physicians and occupational medicine specialists. Seventy eight percent of family physicians were interested in education on how to recognize occupational diseases. Preventive team work on the part of occupational medicine specialists and family physicians using the 'check lists' in family physician's surgeries, and education courses on occupational health would improve primary prevention of occupational diseases, while early detection would halt the progress of occupational diseases and thus reduce ensuing disability caused by occupational disease.

Computed tomography in diagnosis of silicosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Alina S. Kovaleva ◽  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Natalya S. Serova ◽  
Tatyana B. Burmistrova
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Based Medicine

Respiratory system diseases are one of the main problems in contemporary occupational medicine and exceed one fifth of all occupational diseases. Objective of the review was search and analysis of literature on diagnosis of silicosis as an important occupational disease of respiratory organs, by computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography, from evidence-based medicine viewpoint.

scholarly journals Compatibility as guiding principle for ergonomics work design and preventive occupational health and safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Human Capacity

AbstractMutual adaptation and inter-changeability of system elements are very important prerequisites for machines, technical devices and products. Similar to that technical compatibility which can be achieved by standards and regulations, optimum design of human-oriented workplaces or a man-machine system cannot be attained without, e.g., a compatible arrangement of connected displays and controls. Over and above those stimulus/response relations, all technical elements and interfaces have to be designed in such a way that they do not exceed human capacity in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. Compatibility between the properties of the human organism on the one hand, and the adaptable technical components of a work system on the other hand, offers a great potential of preventive measures. Examples of ergonomically designed working tools show that compatibility is capable of reducing the prevalence of occupational diseases and repetitive strain injuries as well as leading to lower physiological cost in such a way that the same output results from a lower demand of human resources or even a higher performance will be attained. Compatibility also supports the quick perception and transmission of information in a man-machine system, and as a result of lower requirements for decoding during information processing, spare mental capacity may enhance occupational safety. In the field of software, compatibility also helps to avoid psychological frustration. All in all, the center core competency, which reflects the major significant function of the ergonomist in work design, consists in determining the compatibility of human capacity and planned or existing demands of work. In order to provide efficient working tools and working conditions as well as to be successful in occupational health and safety, ergonomics and industrial engineering in the future are expected to pay more attention to the rules of compatibility. Applied in an appropriate way, these rules may convince people that ergonomics can be a powerful means for reducing prevalence of occupational diseases and complaints, and has a positive effect on overall system performance. Besides presenting examples of work design according to the principle of compatibility, also methods will be shown which enable the assessment of the ergonomic quality of hand-held tools and computer input devices.

scholarly journals Improvement of the module for occupational diseases in the structure of occupational health record

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Iancheva ◽  
T Kundurzhiev ◽  
N Tzacheva ◽  
L Hristova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
National Level ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Occupational Health Services ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Disease Module

Abstract The study is based on the National Science Program 'eHealth in Bulgaria (e-Health)', funded by the Ministry of Education and Science. Partnership Contract No. D-01-200/16.11.2018 Issue Occupational health is closely linked to public health and health system. In Bulgaria there are many software products related to the registration and reporting of occupational health. Description of the Problem It is necessary to study all the determinants of occupational health, including the risks of diseases and accidents in the occupational environment, social and individual factors. The establishment of electronic systems for registering and monitoring both the health status of each worker and the possible hazards in the work environment is associated with the introduction and use of the occupational health record of each worker. Results The methodology for improving the module for occupational diseases in the structure of the occupational health record in Bulgaria has been developed. The classifications are in compliance with the legislation in the country and the requirements of the developing Eurostat methodology for European statistics on occupational diseases are applied. The occupational health record will serve both employers and physicians working in Occupational Health Services. Lessons The occupational disease module in the structure of the occupational health record will contribute to the statistical comparability of occupational disease data at regional and national level. Not only will the registration of the harmful factors of the working environment and the diseases related to the work process, but also the introduction of timely measures to ensure good occupational and public health. Key messages Through the occupational disease module, the structure of the occupational health record introduces the possibility of taking adequate measures to ensure good occupational health. The occupational health record will serve both employers and physicians working in Occupational Health Services.

scholarly journals “A Mere Matter of Rock”: Organized Labour, Scientific Evidence and British Government Schemes for Compensation of Silicosis and Pneumoconiosis among Coalminers, 1926–1940

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W Bufton ◽  
Joseph Melling
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
British Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Industrial Injuries ◽  
Recent Account

The growth of statutory compensation for industrial injuries and illness has attracted considerable attention from historians of state welfare and students of organized labour in both Europe and North America. The rights of legal redress for disease and accidents in the workplace have become the subject of some debate among historians of occupational health and safety, most particularly in regard to asbestos-related illnesses. Among the most detailed and scholarly accounts of the subject in Britain are those by Peter Bartrip and his collaborators. In contrast to many accounts in labour and medical history which express strong empathy with the plight of workers who faced injury and death in the workplace, Bartrip adopts a model of industrial behaviour which is closer to rational-choice assumptions of mainstream economics. His recent account of government regulation of occupational diseases since the nineteenth century offers limited comment on the attitudes of trade unionists to accidents, though he broadly maintains that British unions have historically been more concerned with winning compensation awards than pressing for the prevention of hazards in the industrial workplace.

Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: an international multi-center study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis ◽  
Elena Dragioti ◽  
Antonis T. Theofilidis ◽  
Tobias Wiklund ◽  
Xenofon Atmatzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

Abstract Background. The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods. Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results. The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions. The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.

scholarly journals Message

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Fuk Liem
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Potential Biomarker

It gives me great pleasure and enthusiasm to welcome you to the special issue of Acta Medica Philippina - Workplace and Environment Safety and Health Issue. The occupational medicine and occupational health and safety activities primarily focusing on preventing diseases, injuries, and deaths due to working conditions. While exposure to harmful substances and or activities can happen at any time, I believe there are always some measures to ensure that no one has to suffer a work-related injury or illness because of their job. In this special issue, we published several articles including papers from the 13th Indonesia Occupational Medicine Updates, covering research on important aspects of occupational health and safety in the Philippines and Indonesia. The impacts of psychosocial hazards and shift work, the potential biomarker of effect on cardiovascular risk, pesticide exposure among farmers; and key statistics and trends in occupational injuries and traffic accidents in the Philippines are featured in this issue. I sincerely hope this work will be of interest to our readers and meet the real needs of the scientific community, stimulates thought, and eventually open up new research ideas. Finally, as special editor of this special issue, I would like to thank the authors who have worked very hard to prepare and revise the articles and to all reviewers for their careful reviews, and for providing valuable and constructive comments.   Jen Fuk Liem, MD Department of Occupational Health and Safety Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Jakarta, Indonesia

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