Decarbonisation Pathways of Industry in TIMES Model

Abstract The industry sector in many countries has a significant role in reaching national long-term emission reductions, energy efficiency and renewable energy targets. New technologies, wide implementation of energy efficiency measures and smart energy management are needed for the industry to ensure local and global competitiveness and reduce emissions. Since the industrial sector is often comprised of sub-sectors that are unique and with local specifics, this paper focuses on three of them, taking Latvia as the case. The sectors are: manufacture of wood and wood products, non-metallic mineral products, as well as food products and tobacco. These sub-sectors together consume around 80 % of the total final energy use in the country’s industrial sector. Comprehensive analysis and decomposition of the sub-sectors was made to identify future development pathways. TIMES model was used to elaborate a process-oriented modelling approach to analyze the impact of measures defined in the National Energy and Climate Plan until 2030 as well to gauge the impact of additional measures. Results show that these measures promote the use of renewable energy and improve energy efficiency, however it is necessary to set new measures and activities for the period beyond to reach climate neutrality by 2050.

Download Full-text

Will the Management Structure of Energy Administrators Affect the Achievement of the Electrical Efficiency Mandatory Target for Taiwan Factories?

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14072021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 2021

Author(s):

Feng-Fan Liao ◽

Wun-Hwa Chen

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

New Technologies ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Point Of View ◽

Management Structure ◽

Electrical Efficiency ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Industrial Energy ◽

Electricity Saving

Since 2014, Taiwan has promoted a 1% annual electricity saving target to promote electrical efficiency efforts. As the industrial sector accounts for approximately 60% of the overall electricity consumption of Taiwan, this sector presents the greatest opportunity for improving Taiwan’s overall energy efficiency. Here, the energy audit data of industrial energy users are analyzed via logistic regression to understand the factors impacting their likelihood of achieving the targeted 1% electricity saving. Of the variables under study, the number of employees and the rank of the energy administrator were significantly correlated with the likelihood of reaching the electricity saving target. Within the management structure of the factory, energy users with higher-ranking energy administrators are more likely to achieve the targeted 1% electricity saving. As it is impractical to rapidly increase the number of employees, higher-ranking employees, i.e., factory executives, should be appointed as energy administrators to improve users’ electrical efficiency and thus reach the targeted 1% annual electricity saving. Based on the findings of our research, we put forward a point of view that in addition to the introduction of new technologies to improve energy efficiency, it can also be achieved through adjustments to the management structure of energy administration.

Download Full-text

Policy measures to improve energy efficiency in russian buildings: Forecast up to 2050

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2016-3-75-98 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 75-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Bashmakov

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Use ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Additional Energy ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Efficiency Measures ◽

Housing Services ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Energy Efficiency Policies

The article presents a long-term forecast of costs and benefits associated with the implementation of additional energy efficiency policies in Russian buildings. In Russia, buildings are directly and indirectly responsible for 38% of primary energy use; at the same time, they have a large energy efficiency potential. The 10 assessed scenarios of implementing packages of policy measures to improve energy efficiency illustrate that it is possible to halve fossil fuel use while providing energy services to the buildings stock which is expected to double by 2050. Additional benefits are considered, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution and improved indoor comfort, employment growth, improved affordability of housing services for both residents and the public sector. The paper estimates the costs and economic benefits of the implementation of energy efficiency measures and policies in the buildings sector. It shows that a new model of economic growth in Russia should be based on improving the overall economic efficiency, including energy efficiency.

Download Full-text

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF MEASURES PERFORMED TO INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN VASIL KARAGIOZOV HIGH SCHOOL OF YAMBOL, BULGARIA

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2018.04.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 306-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Binev

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

The report analyzes the results of the implemented measures to improve energy efficiency in Vasil Karagiozov High school of Yambol, Bulgaria. Energy savings are determined by measuring and/or calculating energy consumption with previously adopted baseline levels, implementing a measure or program to improve energy efficiency by providing normalized corrections corresponding to the impact of specific climatic conditions on energy use. A reference heating energy consumption of 38.62 kWh/m2 was determined after the renovation of the building. Comparing the reference energy costs for heating before and after the implementation of the energy saving measures show a real decrease of the energy consumption for heating by 53.44%. Compared to the reference energy consumption for heating before and after the energy saving measures show an actual reduction of energy consumption for heating by 47.86%.

Download Full-text

Rising public awareness of energy efficiency of buildings enhanced by “smart” controls of the in-door environment

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci140813145p ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1307-1319

Author(s):

Vladan Pantovic ◽

Sanja Petrovic-Becirovic

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

New Technologies ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

State Budget ◽

Efficiency Measures ◽

Near Term

Buildings consume a significant amount of energy today and are expected to consume even more in the future. This consumption necessitates the use of fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, both of which have significant environmental impacts. While renewable energy sources remain promising, the most of the energy supply will still use conventional fuels in the near term. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency in buildings is critical, and one of the central visions of ?smart buildings? is to reduce their energy use while maintaining the same level of service and comfort. However, to make the buildings meaningfully ?smart?, their envelopes must first be made compliant with the current energy efficiency standards. In this paper we first examine how the public awareness of energy efficiency was risen in Serbia through different demonstration projects, funded by the state budget and through implementation of the energy efficiency measures in public buildings, funded by municipal funds and soft loans from the banks. Then, we describe how the energy efficiency in buildings might further be increased by the use of new technologies and smart networks for control of the energy consumption. We finally argue that these controls should take into account the personal variables (activity, clothing) along with environmental variables (air temperature, velocity, and humidity) for an optimum thermal comfort to be achieved in public and residential buildings.

Download Full-text

Life Cycle Assessment of Secondary Mangrove Forest in Bintuni Bay,West Papua, Indonesia

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.12.3.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 616-627

Author(s):

Rocky Marius de Ramos ◽

Michael Lochinvar S. Abundo ◽

Evelyn B. Taboada

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Use ◽

Wood Products ◽

Forest Residues ◽

Power Sources ◽

West Papua ◽

Environment Study ◽

The Impact

The life cycle assessment is conducted in order to assess the impact of mangrove woodchip production in Bintuni bay, West Papua Indonesia on the environment. Study includes the analysis of non-renewable energy use (MJ), global warming potential or carbon footprint (kg CO2), acidification potential (kg SO2) and ozone creation potential (kg O3) of mangrove logging, processing and shipment. Mangrove woodchip production consumes 960 MJ of non-renewable energy and gives out 59.59 kg CO2, .383 kg SO2 and 30.39 kg O3, which is the lowest in comparison with other wood products. Mangrove processing incur less fuel because it is delivered in bulk to the processing area via barges in comparison to other wood products The current shipping of mangrove woodchips to customers has the greatest environmental impact because of the use of bunker fuel. The processing of mangrove woodchips used diesel exclusively for fuel in its power sources. Forest residues from logging can be a source of renewable fuel and may also be another source of new products.

Download Full-text

SURVEYING THE EDGES: HOMEOWNERS' PERSPECTIVES ON RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IMPROVEMENTS IN OHIO

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/1943-4618.14.1.111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 111-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qian Chen ◽

Eric Romich ◽

Andrew Cruse ◽

Andrea Gorzitze ◽

Hongsen Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

The United States ◽

Knowledge Gap ◽

Local Policy ◽

Efficiency Measures ◽

Residential Energy Efficiency ◽

Saving Decisions

While energy costs, home size, and home age in Ohio fall into an average range for the United States as a whole, homes in Ohio are well below the average price, making homeowners particularly cost sensitive when considering investments on energy savings features. In addition, Ohio is the seventh largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the nation, suggesting that reducing energy use can have an outsized environmental impact. These not only pose a tremendous challenge but also an urgency to home energy conservation in Ohio. This study examines residential consumers' understanding of and attitudes toward various energy efficiency measures (EEMs) and renewable energy systems (RESs) through a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 519 Ohio homeowners. The survey results not only revealed Ohio homeowners' knowledge gap but also identified barriers to implementing these improvements. The findings can assist in developing high-quality, well-tailored education and outreach programs to help homeowners make informed energy saving decisions. They can also help guide local policy decisions and the development of effective initiatives or incentive programs. This study suggests that it is imperative to fill the knowledge gap among homeowners, educate them about reasonable expectations on return on investment, and increase their awareness of non-energy benefits that could be achieved through home energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements.

Download Full-text

Impact of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures on Cooling Energy Demand in an Architectural Campus Building in Karachi, Pakistan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7251

Author(s):

Mushk Bughio ◽

Muhammad Shoaib Khan ◽

Waqas Ahmed Mahar ◽

Thorsten Schuetze

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Information Modeling ◽

Base Case ◽

Energy Efficiency Measures ◽

Efficiency Measures ◽

The Impact ◽

Cooling Energy Demand ◽

Campus Building

Electric appliances for cooling and lighting are responsible for most of the increase in electricity consumption in Karachi, Pakistan. This study aims to investigate the impact of passive energy efficiency measures (PEEMs) on the potential reduction of indoor temperature and cooling energy demand of an architectural campus building (ACB) in Karachi, Pakistan. PEEMs focus on the building envelope’s design and construction, which is a key factor of influence on a building’s cooling energy demand. The existing architectural campus building was modeled using the building information modeling (BIM) software Autodesk Revit. Data related to the electricity consumption for cooling, building masses, occupancy conditions, utility bills, energy use intensity, as well as space types, were collected and analyzed to develop a virtual ACB model. The utility bill data were used to calibrate the DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus base case models of the existing ACB. The cooling energy demand was compared with different alternative building envelope compositions applied as PEEMs in the renovation of the existing exemplary ACB. Finally, cooling energy demand reduction potentials and the related potential electricity demand savings were determined. The quantification of the cooling energy demand facilitates the definition of the building’s electricity consumption benchmarks for cooling with specific technologies.

Download Full-text

Reducing transportation emissions

Benchmarking An International Journal ◽

10.1108/bij-03-2014-0025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 674-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Henrik Pålsson ◽

Ola Johansson

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Freight Transportation ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Content Type ◽

Logistics Service Providers ◽

Minor Influence ◽

Transportation Emissions ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intention of companies to reduce transportation emissions by 2020 and the barriers and the discriminating factors that affect the reduction. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review identified potential logistical and technical actions and their barriers, and discriminating factors for reducing transportation emissions. A survey of freight transport-intensive industries in Sweden examined the effects of, intention for implementation of and barriers to 12 actions to reduce CO2 emissions from freight transportation. In total, 172 logistics managers responded, representing a response rate of 40.3 per cent. Findings – Logistics service providers (LSPs) and freight owners are likely to reduce a considerable amount of CO2 emissions from freight transportation by 2020 using a combination of actions. The lowest level of confidence was for reducing CO2 emissions by changing logistics structures, while there was greater confidence by means of operational changes. The actions have few barriers, but there is often a combination of barriers to overcome. Three discriminating factors influence the intention of a firm to reduce transportation emissions: perceived potential, company size and LSP/freight owner. The industrial sector of a freight owner has minor influence. Companies that are particularly likely to reduce emissions are LSPs, large companies, and those that perceive a large reduction potential. Research limitations/implications – Logistical and technical barriers appear to hinder companies from implementing actions, while organisational barriers and external prerequisites do not. Barriers cannot be used to predict companies’ intentions to reduce transportation emissions. The authors examined the impact of three discriminating factors on reduction of transportation emissions. The research is based on perceptions of well-informed managers and on companies in Sweden. Practical implications – The findings can be used by managers to identify firms for benchmarking initiatives and emissions-reducing strategies. Originality/value – The study provides insights into intended CO2 reductions in transportation by 2020. It presents new knowledge regarding barriers and discriminating factors for implementing actions to reduce transportation emissions.

Download Full-text

Which Is Greener? The Gas Condenser Boiler Or Ground Source Heat Pump. Which Is The Contribution Of Renewable Energy To The Energy Consumption For Heating To A Building?

Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1515/jaes-2015-0015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

I. L. Cîrstolovean

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Energy Use ◽

Performance Indicator ◽

Ground Source Heat Pump ◽

Renewable Energy Technologies ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Methods Of Calculation ◽

Ground Source

Abstract The goals of this paper are: to estimate the carbon emission reduction on energy efficiency measurements in a laboratory building in Transilvania University from Braşov, Romania, in accordance with the European Directive 2009/28/EC and to estimate the contribution of renewable energy to energy efficiency of the building using the performance indicator named Renewable Energy Ratio - RER. We will detail the methods of calculation for CO2 emissions and we will present the results for gas condensing boiler, and ground source heat pump for the laboratory building. The results show that conventional energy efficiency technologies and renewable energy technologies can be used to decrease CO2 emissions in buildings by 20–30% on average and up to over 40% for some building types and locations. The contribution of renewable energy is between 40 and 50 % from total energy use and only for heating is 58%. This value could rise to 0.63 if we apply to electricity produced by photovoltaic panels.

Download Full-text