Pandemic, risk-adaptation and household saving: evidence from China

PurposeScholars have not agreed with each other on how people would behave after experiencing a catastrophic event. They could save more as a precautionary action for future difficulties or save less with a carpe diem attitude. This study aims to attempt to shed light on this debate with empirical observations on how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected household saving decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe two waves of the survey data allowed us to investigate both instantaneous and ongoing effects of Covid-19 on household saving decisions. The instantaneous effect refers to the immediate impact of the crisis, while the ongoing effect refers to the lasting impact of the pandemic when economic recovery had started. The variation in the number of confirmed cases across cities during the two waves provides the source of power for identification. The authors extend their analyses of the impact of Covid-19 on the household saving decision by using ordinary least squares models. Due to the ordered nature of survey responses, the authors also rerun all baseline models using the ordered probit regression method.FindingsThis paper studied the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on household saving decisions in China. This study found that households in the most affected cities would save more during the Covid-19 but tend to save less when the disaster started fading away. Combining findings in Kun et al. (2013) and Filipski et al. (2015), people do become more pessimistic during and after the Covid-19, possibly driving their observed precautionary and cape diem behaviors during the two points of time. Heterogeneity analysis shows that specific households would dramatically change their saving behavior. These observations might be useful for policymakers who concern the economic recovery after this pandemic disaster.Originality/valueUnderstanding how the Covid-19 pandemic would affect household consumption vs saving decisions is important for the economic recovery after this disaster comes to an end. The analyses presented in this research could be useful for policymakers who concern appropriate policies aiming to boost consumption and economic activities after Covid.

Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients

Sepsis is a medical emergency and life-threatening condition due to a dysregulated host response to infection, which is time-dependent and associated with unacceptably high mortality. At the bedside of a patient with sepsis or septic shock, clinician must make immediate life-saving decisions including empirical initiation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials; the most likely to be appropriate. The empiric regimen should be initiated within the first hour of diagnosis and determined by assessing patient and epidemiological risk factors, likely source of infection based on presenting signs and symptoms, and severity of illness. Optimizing antibiotic use is crucial to ensure successful outcomes and to reduce adverse antibiotic effects, as well as preventing drug resistance. All likely pathogens involved should be considered to provide an appropriate antibiotic coverage. Herein, we tried to make suggestions of empirical therapeutic regimens in sepsis/septic shock according to most likely pathogens in cause and sepsis source based on the recent recommendations of learned societies. Some suggestions were adapted to an environment of low-resource regions where the ecology of multi drug resistant organisms is of concern.

Pengaruh Brand Image dan Kualitas Pelayanan Bank Syariah terhadap Keputusan Mahasiswa Menabung pada Pengikut Autobase @Collegemenfess

Brand Image and service quality are some of the factors that can influence the saving decisions made by customers. As a result, banks as much as possible must be able to create a good brand image and service quality in the eyes of the public, this aims to meet the needs and desires of customers. This study aims to determine the effect of brand image and service quality variables on student decisions to save. This study uses quantitative methods and research data collection techniques are carried out by distributing online questionnaires to students via Twitter which will then be used as samples. The results showed that the significant value for the influence of brand image on students' saving decisions was 0.02 and the significant value of the service quality variable on students' saving decisions was 0.04. This means that the X1 and X2 variables have an influence on the Y variable.

The Influence of Equipment and Environment on Children and Young Adults Learning Aquatic Skills

Learning aquatic skills is an important component of developing physical literacy in children. Aquatic skills such as floating, swimming and safe entry/exit promote engagement in different water environments and may help preserve lives in an emergency. This scoping review was conducted to evaluate the influence of task constraints (i.e., equipment) and environmental constraints (i.e., physical and social) on how children learn foundational aquatic skills. In developed countries, children are typically taught in swimming pools under direct supervision. It is also not uncommon to see children and infants learning to swim with assistive equipment (e.g., buoyancy aids). However, perhaps surprisingly, the evidence on how and where children learn aquatic skills does not uniformly promote such practices. For example, the use of flotation devices has not been proven to aid skill learning. Some researchers have advocated that children should learn aquatic skills whilst wearing outdoor clothing. One benefit of children wearing clothing is an increased capacity to practice in colder water (such as the ocean, rivers, or lakes). Overall, whilst practitioners often use equipment for various reasons it seems that not all equipment is equally useful in promoting the acquisition of aquatic skills. In less developed countries, with limited access to swimming pools and fewer resources for private instruction, a range of different open water aquatic environments and practices, such as swimming in temporarily flooded areas, have been reported. Such strategies are in urgent demand of further research given that drowning rates in less developed countries around the world exceed those in developed nations. It can be argued that learning in pools does not afford the opportunities to develop the whole range of adaptive skills that may be required in different open water environments such as navigating currents and waves, floating whilst clothed, or making life-saving decisions. Consequently, a shift toward teaching in open water environments has occurred in several countries. This review provides an evidence-base upon which practitioners can design more effective aquatic education programs for children.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Nasabah Menabung Pada Bank BRI Cabang Praya Lombok Tengah

This research aims to find and find out the factors that affect customers saving at Bank BRI Praya Branch, these factors include Products, Interest Rates, Places, Promotions, Processes, physical, employees and services. This type of research is descriptive research at Bank BRI Praya Branch, Jalan Gajah Mada No. 128 Praya Central Lombok. This research method is a sample survey, determining respondents using Simple Random Sampling. The analysis model used is qualitative using the Likert scale and quantitative using table anlisa and factor analysis. Based on the calculation of factor analysis results, six variables affect customer saving decisions, including Product Variables, Places, Processes, Physical, Employees, and Services. The six variables form the two factors that most affect the arena has an eigenvalue of more than 1.0 and loading factors above 0.4. Factor 1 has an eigenvalue of 1,914, and factor 2 has an eigenvalue of 1,587. The other two variables do not participate in the influence, namely for variable interest rates and promotions. The interest rate does not enter into because it has an MSA of less than 0.5. At the same time, the advertisement does not affect it because it has a loading factor of less than 0.4. Therefore, Bank BRI Praya Branch must pay attention to factors that influence customers by improving their quality and improving variables that do not affect to attract people to save more optimally in the future

Optimal asset allocation in retirement planning: threshold-based utility maximization

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to modify the shape of utility functions traditionally used in expected utility theory (EUT) to derive optimal retirement saving decisions. Inspired by current reference point based approaches, the authors argue that utility functions with jumps or kinks at certain threshold points might very well be rational.Design/methodology/approachThe authors suggest an alternative to typical utility functions used in EUT, to be applied in the context of retirement saving decisions. The authors argue that certain elements that are used to model biases in behavioral models should–in the context of optimal retirement saving decisions–be considered “rational” and hence be included in a normative setting as well. The authors compare the optimal asset allocation derived under such utility functions with results under traditional power utility.FindingsThe authors find that the considered threshold levels can have a significant impact on the optimal investment decision for some individuals. In particular, the authors show that a much riskier investment than under EUT can become optimal if some level of income is secured by a social security and a significant portion of the distribution of terminal wealth lies below this level.Originality/valueContrary to previous work, this model is especially designed to assess the question of optimal product choice/asset allocation in the specific setting of retirement planning and from a normative point of view. In this regard, the authors first motivate the use of several thresholds and then apply this approach in a capital market model with stochastic stocks and stochastic interest rates to two illustrative investment alternatives.

Are the saving decision patterns of bank customers also clouded by psychological biases? Evidence from Ghana

PurposeThis paper attempts to investigate the influence of psychological biases on saving decision-making of bank customers in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachIt employs weighted least squares regression to test the effect of psychological biases on savings decisions of bank customers.FindingsThe findings show that all the nine psychological biases, namely mental accounting, availability, loss aversion, representativeness, anchoring, overconfidence, status quo, framing effect and disposition effect employed for the study have a significant influence on saving decision of bank customers. The results depict that psychological biases are entrenched in the saving pattern of bank customers in Ghana.Practical implicationsFor policy purposes, the study recommends that bank customers need to enhance their knowledge of psychological biases in order to improve their gains from savings, and not to fall prey to these prejudices. The satisfied customer is a dependable source of bank viability and survival.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge of the author, this study provides the first empirical evidence of the influence of psychological biases on saving decisions of bank customers in Ghana. The findings of this study will enhance knowledge on the influence of psychological biases on individual decision-making and will accentuate the fact that the individual is not an entirely rational being.

Pengaruh Marketing Mix Terhadap Keputusan Menabung Dengan Reputasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Bank BNI KCP. Univ. Jember

This study aims to examine whether there is a product, price, place and promotion influence on saving decisions through reputation as an intervening variable. The population in this study are bank customers who have joined more than one month to more than two years BNI kcp Bank. Univ. Jember The sampling technique in this study uses the accidental sampling approach. The number of samples is 100 respondents. The analysis method used is the path analysis method using SPSS 22 software. The results of this study show that the marketing mix has an effect on reputation, and reputation has an effect on saving decisions. Products, prices and promotions affect the decision to save while the place / location has no effect on the decision to save. From the results of the path analysis, reputation is only able to be an intervening variable on the place / location variable on saving decisions. Keywords: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Reputation, Savings Decision

EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY, SERVICE QUALITY AND PROMOTION ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SAVING DECISIONS IN PT. BANK RIAU KEPRI

Changes in the banking industry are increasingly fast making banks have to respond to everything that happens, the main problem facing banks today is retaining customers and being closer to customers and making customers loyal so that the bank can develop. The research was conducted at PT Bank Riau Kepri Main Branch. The aim is to determine the direct effect of product quality, service quality and promotion on customer satisfaction and the decision to save back at PT. Bank Riau Kepri. This study took a sample of 400 customers. The variables used are product quality, service quality, promotion, customer satisfaction and the decision to save again. This study used quantitative methods and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling analysis. The results showed that product quality had a significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality had a significant effect on customer satisfaction, promotion had a significant effect on customer satisfaction, product quality had a significant effect on the decision to save again through customer satisfaction Service quality had a significant effect on decisions to save again through customer satisfaction. has a significant effect on the decision to save back through customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has a significant effect on the decision to save back at PT. Bank Riau Kepri Main Branch. The higher the level of customer satisfaction, the decision to save back at Bank Riau will increase

A methodological approach to the evaluation of obsolescence of residential buildings

The co-authors have proven that the analysis of values of obsolescence indicators applicable to buildings and other facilities in the urban environment allows to make resource-saving decisions in terms of their integrated renovation.At the same time, the need to develop a methodology for evaluating the functional obsolescence of a residential building is also substantiated, as it is the most important component of the concept of comfort of a residential building. A brief analysis of the concepts of “comfort” and “accessibility” in relation to residential buildings is performed. The characteristic of comfort is proposed to be defined using the consolidated indicator of functional obsolescence and physical deterioration of a building. A specific mathematical formula for calculating the parameters of comfort is provided, depending on the consolidated characteristics of indicators of physical deterioration and obsolescence of a building.The proposed analysis of principal obsolescence evaluation methods, applicable to residential buildings, allows toidentify the main weaknesses of currently used methods.As a methodological approach to evaluating the obsolescence of a residential building, a systematic approach is proposed that allows a comprehensive, structural and quantitative assessment of obsolescence indicators through the use of mathematical methods, including the method of expert assessments and a modified verbal-numerical scale, initially developed by Harrington.A systematic hierarchical relationship between general and specific indicators of obsolescence of a building is identified. A systematic approach is employed to develop a procedure for identifying the integral obsolescence of a building with regard taken of the hierarchical relationship between its specific and general indicators.Pie and bar charts are used to analyze alternative building obsolescence evaluation methodologies. A detailed description of the proposed option is provided in the form of specific examples. Acknowledgement. This research was supported by Project No. 3.1.1.1 within the 2021–2023 Plan of Fundamental Research of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering and Ministry of Civil Engineering and Public Utilities of the Russian Federation.