scholarly journals Environmental Aspects of Resource-Saving Cement Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 803-815
Author(s):  
Olga Miryuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
Mineral Additives

Abstract The article outlines the main problems that the cement industry causes to the environment. Authors propose technological solutions aimed at resource-saving in cement production and environmental protection. The research is devoted to low-energy cement obtained on the basis of waste from processing skarn-magnetite ores. The characteristics of the composition and properties of the technogenic material are given. The authors have justified the feasibility of using skarn-magnetite ore enrichment waste as a part of a cement raw material mixture. The possibility of changing the composition of cement by reducing the energy-intensive alite phase is demonstrated. Technological and heat engineering calculations confirming the reduction of natural mineral raw materials and fuel costs in the production of cement were carried out. The processes of hydration of the developed cements have been investigated. A method for accelerating the hardening of low-base cements due to mechanical activation, the introduction of mineral additives and a modifier is proposed. The research revealed construction and technological advantages of the developed cements, which exhibit increased resistance during operation in an aggressive environment. Physical and mechanical tests of concretes made of low-base cement were carried out. The possibility of reducing the temperature during the heat treatment of concrete is proved. Physical and mechanical tests of concretes made of low-base cement were carried out. The paper presents environmental benefits of the developed cement technology.

scholarly journals Metode Menentukan Klor dalam Sludge Oil: Perbandingan Metode Wet dan Metode Jena

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herliati Rahman ◽  
Akhirudin Salasa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Difference

Currently, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in the cement industry is very attractive. This is driven by demands for environmental sustainability and the efficiency of fuel and raw material costs. One of the materials that can be used as AFR is sludge oil. However, it needs to be ensured that the chlorine content in the sludge oil does not exceed the threshold so that it does not have a negative impact during the cement production process. It is known that if the chlorine content is more than the threshold, it can cause blocking or clogging of the separator and the kiln. This study aims to determine the performance of the Jena Multi EA 4000 instrument in determining the chlorine content in sludge oil quickly and accurately. Analytic Jena Multi EA 4000 is an Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS) instrument that can be used for analysis of samples in the form of solids or slurries containing chlorine. As validation of the resulting analysis, the wet method is used, which as usual, to determine chlorine levels. From the statistic analysis, namely the F-test and T-test, We found that F-count equal to 0.0080 and F-table equal to 4.2839. it shows that F-count < F-table, indicating the difference in the variance of the two methods H0: s12 = s22 is accepted because there is no difference to the variability of these two tests and the value of T-count = -3.9717 and T-table = 2.1788 so that T-count <T-table is accepted because there is no difference in the average accuracy of the two methods H0: M1 = M2.  

scholarly journals A Life-Cycle Approach to Integrate Environmental and Mechanical Properties of Blended Cements Containing Seashell Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13120
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soltanzadeh ◽  
Ali E. Behbahani ◽  
Eduardo N. B. Pereira ◽  
Carlos A. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Natural Pozzolan ◽  
Cement Production

The adverse consequences of producing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the environment have introduced cement production as the fourth largest source of anthropogenic carbon emissions after petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Managing and reducing the environmental concerns regarding the impacts of cement production on the environment, namely the depletion of non-renewable fuel resources, consumption of natural raw materials, and releasing huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere should be, therefore, one of the key priorities of the cement industry. Application of locally available minerals and wastes that can be blended with OPC as a substitute could considerably reduce the environmental impact. The present study evaluates the potentiality of waste seashell to be used as an additive in the production of blended cement through a modified life cycle approach integrating environmental and mechanical performances. In this regard, 34 cements consisting of different blends of OPC, seashell powder (within the range of 4–30% by OPC mass), and natural pozzolan (up to 30% by OPC mass) were tested to identify the optimal dosage of OPC substitution. Environmental impacts of the cements were assessed through life-cycle analysis. The possibility of mitigating the carbon dioxide emissions in the production of cements, with similar mechanical performance compared to that of OPC, was evaluated by considering both the mechanical and environmental results. The outcome of this study introduced more environment-friendly and sustainable options for future cements.

scholarly journals Geochemical And Mineralogical Assessment Of Secondary Gypsum In Al-Najaf, Iraq And Employment As Raw Material For Cement Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Mohanad R.A. Al-Owaidi ◽  
◽  
Mohammed L. Hussein ◽  
Ruaa Issa Muslim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Industry Success

The Portland cement industry is one of the strategic industries in any country. The basis of an industry success is the availability of raw materials and, the low extraction in addition to transportation costs. The Bahr Al-Najaf region is abundant with limestone rocks but lacks primary gypsum. An investigation had been carried out to identify the source of secondary gypsum as an alternative to primary gypsum. Twelve boreholes were drilled for a depth of 2 m, as the thickness of suitable secondary gypsum layer ranges from 1 to 1.5 m. The mineralogical study revealed the predominance of gypsum followed by quartz and calcite, with an average of 62.9%, 19.6% and 14.35%, respectively. The geochemical analysis revealed that the content of SO3 is appropriate and ranging from 41.92% to 32.89% with an average of 37.73%. The SO3 content is within an acceptable range. The mean abundance of the major oxides of the study area may be arranged as SO3 > CaO> SiO2> MgO> Al2O> Fe2O3. The insoluble residue was at an acceptable rate. The laboratory experiments for milling secondary gypsum with clinker has successfully proven the production of Portland cement that matches the limits of the Iraqi Quality Standard (IQS) No. 5 of 1984. Great care must be taken when using secondary gypsum; secondary gypsum must be mixed well to maintain the chemical properties before blending with clinker and utilizing in the cement mill in the cement plant.

The Influence of Raw Meal Granulometry on the Formation and Properties of Clinker

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Theodor Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Energetic Demand ◽  
Important Branch

Cement production belongs to the most important branch of industry. It is marked out by processing of great quantity of natural raw materials and of considerable energetic demand. Not only the intensification of the contemporary production processes is the permanent effort of the cement industry, but also the search for new energy less demanding methods. The paper is focused on one of the most important components of the intensification of cement production – on the preparation of raw meal. It mainly deals with the influence of granulometry and microhomogeneity of the input raw materials on the quality and economy of the process of production and on the final product. The study was carried out mainly by methods of optical microscopy and the determination of technological parameters of cements. It has been found that a change in granulometry of raw meal has a significant impact on the formation rate of the clinker phases. Subsequently, the grindability of the clinker and the strength of the cement are influenced, especially in the short-term hydration. Change of granulometry and homogeneity of raw meal can greatly optimize the quality and economy of the cement production process.

Development of a Raw Material Requirement Balancing Model for a Production Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
B. Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Material Requirement ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Crushed Limestone

Attainment of accuracy in raw materials mix for production processes has been the major problem in many production organizations in developing countries. Effects of unequal proportions of material required for a production process are not fully considered in the past studies. This study modeled the raw material requirements in a production process using proportionality based mixed linear programming approach. The objective was to find optimal mix of raw materials for the production of a unit tonnage of a product. The performance of the model was tested by comparing it with alternatively formulated model based on conventional material mix. This model was tested using a cement production system from which blasted limestone, crushed limestone; raw meal, gypsum, red alluvium, clinker and coal were used as raw materials. The conventional method of mixing materials led to 50 % surplus and shortage of materials in the process as compared with the new scheme. The model would be a good tool for accurate prediction of quantity of the raw material required in the production process.Nomenclature, the proportion of material used per ton of the processed product, the quantity of material in processed product (ton), the material proportional per ton of the product, andthe total quantity of materials needed per ton of the product,..., the counter for material type,..., the counter for material proportionality variant

Co-Processing Hazardous Waste in the Chinese Cement Industry - Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xu ◽  
Shao Feng Sun ◽  
Kårehelge Karstensen ◽  
Da Hai Yan ◽  
Zheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The World

As China develops its economy, hazardous waste generation is expected to increase rapidly. Recovery and recycling, i.e. co-processing of Alternative Fuels and Raw materials (AFRs) and treatment of hazardous waste in energy-and resource-intensive industries such as the cement industry seems to be an supplementary option to conventional technologies which can increase the overall waste management capacity in China significantly. With the largest cement production in the world, the industry can save significant amounts of non-renewable coal and raw materials by substitution with wastes which needs treatment. However, co-processing requires appropriate regulations and policies to support its development and safe and sound implementation.

scholarly journals Analisis Sistem Rantai Pasok Pt. Semen Gresik (Persero) Tbk

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahrain Boru Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Scheduling ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fast Time ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Purchase Order ◽  
Chain System

The cement industry is an industry that requires a supply chain system is structured and well organized, it is influenced by several things, namely the level of demand for raw materials (raw material), resources, production processes, scheduling, transportation, supplier, allocation, distributors, retailers, product until they reach the consumer. This paper discusses the supply chain system on PT. Semen Gresik ranging from an overview of the company, Aggregate planning, process and production scheduling and logistics of PT Semen Gresik and supply chain management to pursue the relationship and coordination between the processes of other firms in the business pipelines, ranging from suppliers to give priority to current customers as well goods between the company, since most upstream to most downstream. The  decision  to  determine  the  transportation  used  to  distribute  the  products  is  very important. Selection of transport strategy used to obtain the type of transport that provides a fast time in the distribution is done by comparing the transport strategy transport using trucks and trains. Stages of the bidding process conducted by the company Semen Gresik to the winning vendor specified delivery of bidder list, create request for quotation, quotation maintain vendor, price comparison, process purchase order, payments, and evaluation. Keywords : Supply chain, logistics, strategy, supplier

scholarly journals Ultrasound Drying of Rose Hips: a Process Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Elena Verboloz ◽  
Marina Ivanova ◽  
Vera Demchenko ◽  
Sergey Fartukov ◽  
Nikita Evona
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Drying Time

Introduction. Rose hips are rich in macro- and micronutrients. Unfortunately, heat treatment destroys most nutrients. Ultrasonic technologies make it possible to reduce the drying time and lower the temperature regime. The research objective was to adjust ultrasound technology to rose hip production in order to reduce the loss of vitamins and improve the quality indicators of the dried product. Study objects and methods. The research featured rose hips of the Rosa canina species collected in the south of Kazakhstan. This subspecies of wild rose is poor in vitamin C. Nevertheless, this shrub is extremely common in Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The raw material was dried according to standard methods. One group of samples was treated with ultrasound, while the other served as control. Both groups underwent a sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture and vitamin C. Results and discussion. The rose hips were dried in a combination steam oven with a built-in ultrasonic wave generator. The research revealed the following optimal parameters of the ultrasound drying process: frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 22 kHz, processing time – 2.5 h, temperature in the combination steam oven – +56°C, initial moisture content – 30%. The resulting product met the requirements of State Standard. The loss of moisture was 57%. According to State Standard 1994-93, the initial moisture content should be 15% or less. Time decreased from 360 min to 160 min, and the initial moisture was 13%. The experiment confirmed the initial hypothesis that ultrasonic treatment improves the drying process by improving quality indicators and preserving vitamin C in raw materials using. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment during moisture removal from rose hips provides a resource-saving technology that fulfills an economically and socially important function.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL NOISE MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIJA HADŽI-NIKOLOVA ◽  
DEJAN MIRAKOVSKI ◽  
NIKOLINKA DONEVA ◽  
NATAŠA BAKRESKA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

The main environmental issues associated with cement production are the consumption of raw materials, energy use and emissions in the air. Noise emissions occur throughout the whole cement manufacturing process - from preparing and processing raw materials, from the clinker burning and cement production process, from material storage as well as from the dispatch and shipping of the final products. The heavy machinery and large fans used in the cement manufacturing process can give rise to noise emissions. Cement Plants are required to comply with standards for reduction in line with national legislation, and to conduct measurements and perform noise surveys. Having this in mind, A TITAN Group Usje Cement Plant in Skopje, following their strong commitment to high environmental performance and Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Policy in 2013-2014 have engaged an AMBICON Lab (Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences) from Stip, to conduct a Noise Control Study in order to identify noise sources within cement plant and marl quarry, determine their impacts on nearby residents and develop noise control/protection strategies. During the past three years, the Usje Cement plant has implemented most of the noise control measures proposed in this Study. Also, a follow-up study during 2016-2017 was conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of measures taken. This paper presents the outcomes of noise reduction measures taken. Keywords: noise, cement industry, process management, measures, environment

scholarly journals Assessing the possibility of using dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites at the Kedrovoe feldspar deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Buzunova ◽  
◽  
Varvara N. Shigaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Flotation Reagents ◽  
Feldspar Concentrate ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Concentration Methods ◽  
Tailings Ponds

Introduction. Feldspar raw material is a natural source of silica, alumina, and alkali metal oxides. Each type of feldspar is distinguished by its applications and concentration methods. The main effective method of feldspar raw material concentration is flotation in the course of which the majority of harmful impurities are separated. However, this method is rather costly due to flotation reagents purchase, tailings ponds organization and maintenance, etc. Research relevance. Feldspar dry concertation technologies are promising in terms of resource-saving but uncommon. So, the development of a dry concertation technology for feldspar raw materials seems highly relevant. Research objective is to study the possibility of employing dry concentration technology to process feldspar raw materials at the new Kedrovoe deposit Methods of research. Laboratory equipment of JSC Uralmekhanobr was used for the research, namely centrifugal crusher DC-0.5; centrifugal deflection mill; laboratory-scale cascade classifier; dry electromagnetic separator SMS-20M ITOMAK, and tribo electrostatic separator. Results. The trials confirmed that it is possible to process Kedrovoe feldspar raw materials by dry methods and effectively use centrifugal crushing and grinding as preparation of raw materials for concentration. Feldspar concentrate with a mass fraction of Fe2O3 – 0.30%; SiO2 – 69.42%; Al2O3 – 17.36%; K2O + Na2O – 11.84% has been obtained, which meets the specifications. Conclusions. The technological studies confirmed the possibility in principle of using feldspar raw material dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites of the Kedrovoe deposit at the processing plant of Malyshevskoe Ore Management JSC. Saleable feldspar concentrate has been obtained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document