Cranial ontogenetic variability, sex ratio and age structure of the Red fox

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hartová-Nentvichová ◽  
Miloš Anděra ◽  
Vlastimil Hart
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractDescribing the sex ratio, age structure of the population and ontogenetic variability of Red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Canidae, Carnivora) skull parameters, this study is based on 416 male and 289 female skulls collected in the Czech Republic. The skulls analysed came from feral individuals, that were shot by hunters. The male to female ratio was 1:0.69 regarding the whole population. Individuals younger than one year prevailed in the population (54% males, 48% females were in their first year of life). Four growth patterns of skull dimensions were described. The first group included mainly skull length dimensions (e.g. condylobasal length). They grew rapidly until the sixth month of life, becoming stabilised afterwards. The second group comprised parameters that were stable throughout the life (e.g. cheek tooth rows). Measurements representing the third growth pattern showed continual growth (mainly width dimensions, e.g. zygomatic breadth). Conversely, smaller dimensions of postorbital breadth were observed after the sixth month of life. Postorbital breadth represented the fourth growth pattern. It was concluded, that male and female Red foxes had similar ontogenetic skull development, even though there were some differences, e.g. in jugular breadth, which increased after the age of six months in males unlike in females.

Age structure, growth pattern, sexual maturity, and longevity of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in temperate wetlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. López ◽  
Carolina E. Antoniazzi ◽  
Roxana E. Llanes ◽  
Romina Ghirardi
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
High Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temperate Wetlands ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Size At Sexual Maturity ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
One Year

We present the first data on age structure, growth pattern, and lines of arrested growth (LAG) forLeptodactylus latransin temperate wetlands. Based on these data, we estimate LAG periodicity, age, size at sexual maturity and longevity for this species. We also tested for differences of these parameters between sexes. The age was determined through skeletochronology. Female maturity was determined by presence of differentiated ova, while male maturity was assessed through histological analysis to evaluate spermatozoid production. To establish whether this species marks one LAG per year, eight individuals were kept one year in captivity. For each specimen, LAG was compared for different phalanges of the same toe clipped at start and end of captivity.Leptodactylus latransmarked one LAG per year, indicating a growth rhythm adjusted to a seasonal environment and mainly driven by genetic factors. Longevity was five years for both sexes and frogs reached sexual maturity during the first year, exhibiting a reproductive lifespan of four years. Sexual maturity was related to a minimal size of 60 mm or a body mass of around 33 g. There was no difference in either size or growth pattern between sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth model showed thatL. latransgrows fast after metamorphosis and their growth rate strongly decreases at about three years, probably due to the increased allocation of energy to reproduction. The high growth rates and early sexual maturation ofL. latranswould allow an elevated rate of population renewal.

scholarly journals Outcome of Rhabdomyosarcoma in First Year of Life: Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357 Egypt

Sarcoma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas El Nadi ◽  
Emad A. H. Moussa ◽  
Wael Zekri ◽  
Hala Taha ◽  
Alaa Yones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children. Fifty percent of RMS cases occur in the first 10 years of life and less commonly in infants younger than one-year old. These infants require adapted multimodality treatment approaches.Patients and Methods. We analyzed patients’ characteristics, treatment modalities, and the outcome for RMS infants treated at Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) between July 2007 and December 2010 and compared them to patients above one year treated on the same protocol.Results. Out of the 126 RMS treated during this period, 18 were below the age of one year. The male: female ratio was 1.25 : 1. The median age at diagnosis was 0.7 ± 0.2 years. Most of the cases (27.8%) were presented in head and neck regions. The estimated 4-years failure-free survival and overall survival for infants were 49 ± 12% and 70 ± 12%, respectively. These failure-free survival rate and overall survival rate did not differ from those for older patients (P=0.2).Conclusion. Infants with RMS are a unique group of RMS who needs special concerns in tailoring treatment in addition to concerns regarding toxicity and morbidity in infants.Corrigendum to “Outcome of Rhabdomyosarcoma in First Year of Life: Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357 Egypt”

scholarly journals Pola Pertumbuhan Siput Gonggong Strombus turturella, Röding, 1798 (Gastropoda: Strombidae) di Pulau Bangka, Bangka Belitung

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indah Auliana ◽  
Mualimah Hudatwi ◽  
Eva Utami
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
A Value ◽  
One Year

Strombus turturella on Bangka Island is under pressure and threatens the effects of anthropogenic activity. This condition is necessary to carry out various efforts to manage the dog conch on an ongoing basis. Based on these problems, it is necessary to conduct research related to various parameters of the growth of the dog conch on Bangka Island. The purpose of the study was to determine the growth parameters of the dog conch which included growth patterns, estimation of growth model von bertalanffy and length-weight relationship. The research was carried out in several stages, namely: 1) Sampling in the field conducted in Teluk Kelabat waters, Ketawai Island and Anak Air Island, 2) Measurement of shell length and weight, and 3) Analysis of growth parameters using the FiSAT II application, then estimated von Bertalanffy's growth. The results of the frequency distribution of the size of the gonggong snail class in Teluk Kelabat were 47.85- 66.35 mm, on Ketawai Island 44.10-77.45 mm, while those on Anak Air Island were 44.10-62.65 mm. The results of Von Bertalanffy's growth model in the first year or age of one year growth accelerated with the length of the shell in Teluk Kelabat (44.46 mm), Ketawai Island (46.63 mm) and Pulau Anak Air (32, 80 mm). Then in the following year the growth slowed down to asymptotic length with around 11 years of age in T. Kelabat, 14 years in P. Ketawai and 15 years in P. Anak Air. The relationship between the length and weight of the dog conch in three locations on Bangka Island with a value of b <3 so that a negative allometric growth pattern can be determined. The negative allometric growth pattern shows an increase in the length of the snail bark faster than the weight gain. Siput gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Pulau Bangka mengalami tekanan dan ancaman dampak dari aktivitas antropogenik. Kondisi ini maka perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya pengelolaan siput gonggong secara berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian berkaitan berbagai parameter pertumbuhan siput siput gonggong di Pulau Bangka.  Tujuan penelitian yaitu menentukan beberapa parameter pertumbuhan siput gonggong yang meliputi distribusi kelas ukuran, pendugaan model pertumbuhan von bertalanffy dan hubungan panjang berat. Penelitian dilakukan beberapa tahapan yaitu 1) Pengambilan sampel di lapangan yang dilakukan di Perairan Teluk Kelabat, Pulau Ketawai dan Pulau Anak Air, 2) Pengukuran panjang cangkang dan berat, dan 3) Analisis parameter pertumbuhan dengan menggunakan aplikasi FiSAT II, selanjutnya dihitung pendugaan pertumbuhan von Bertalanffy. Hasil distribusi frekuensi kelas ukuran siput gonggong di Teluk Kelabat yaitu 47.85 mm s.d 66.35 mm, di Pulau Ketawai 44.10 mm s.d 77.45 mm, sedangkan di Pulau Anak Air yaitu 44.10 mm s.d 62.65 mm. Hasil model pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy pada tahun pertama atau umur satu tahun pertumbuhan mengalami percepatan dengan panjang cangkang di Teluk Kelabat (44,46 mm), Pulau Ketawai (46,63) dan Pulau Anak Air (32, 80) mm. Kemudian pada tahun selanjutnya pertumbuhan semakin melambat sampai mecapai panjang asimtotik dengan umur sekitar 11 tahun di T. Kelabat, 14 tahun di P. Ketawai dan 15 tahun di P. Anak Air. Hubungan panjang dan berat siput gonggong di tiga lokasi di Pulau Bangka dengan nilai b < 3 sehingga dapat ditentukan pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif. Pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif  menunjukan pertambahan panjang siput gonggong lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pertambahan berat.

Teething Symptoms in the First Year of Life and Associated Factors: A Cohort Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
Italo Medeiros Faraco Junior ◽  
Andréia Bertani Ottoni ◽  
Eliane Gerson Feldens ◽  
Márcia Regina Vítolo
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective: To investigate the occurrence and management of teething symptoms during the first year of life and associated factors. Study design: 500 children were recruited at birth. Research assessments including structured interviews, anthropometric measurements and dental examination were carried out after birth, at 6 months and at one-year of age. The primary outcome of this study was defined as the occurrence of one or more teething symptoms within the first year of life, as reported by the mother. Results: Teething symptoms were reported in 73% of the children analyzed (273/375). The symptoms most frequently reported were irritability (40.5%), fever (38.9%), diarrhoea (36.0%) and itching (33.6%). Dentists had little influence on the management of symptoms and self-medication to relieve them was a common practice. The risk of reporting teething symptoms was higher for children from nuclear families (p=0.040) and for children from families with higher income (p=0.040). Conclusions: Teething symptoms were highly reported in this population. Pediatric dentists should be accessible and provide adequate orientation when symptoms can be managed at home or immediate referral to health services when more serious diseases are suspected.

ADENOVIRUS COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODY TITERS FROM BIRTH THROUGH THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Rosa Lee Nemir ◽  
Donna O'Hare ◽  
Stanley Goldstein ◽  
Charles B. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
First Year ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Complement fixing antibody titers to the adenoviruses were determined in 251 newborn infants, using cord blood. Approximately 95% of these were found to have CF titers of 1:16 or over, the majority (75%) were 1:32 or more. Material from the pharyngeal and rectal swabs of these infants on tissue culture studies (542) on HeLa and amnion cells showed no cytopathic effect in oven 96% of these infants. A longitudinal study of 114 of these infants was made at 3 months intervals; 67 have been observed for one year. At 3 months, only 12% still showed CF antibody titers, and these were chiefly at a low level, 1:16. At the subsequent 3-month interval observations, a gradual rise in CF antibodies were found. At one year of age, approximately 37% had titers of 1:32 on over. The findings of this report support the statement that CF antibodies to adenovirus pass the placental barrier. There is a gradual increase in the percentage of infants with positive CF antibodies after 3 months.

Age, Growth and Sex Ratio of the Azorean Rock-Pool Blenny, Parablennius Sanguinolentus Parvicornis

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Serrão Santos ◽  
Richard D. M. Nash ◽  
Stephen J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Rock Pool ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Function ◽  
One Year

The age and population structure of Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis (Valenciennes) (Pisces: Blenniidae) from the Azores have been studied. Total length and weight relationships are given for each sex. Age study was based on otoliths readings. The von Bertalanffy growth function was applied to describe the growth in total length with age. At the end of the first year mean (±SD) total length was significantly different in males (7.1 ±1.5 cm) and females (6.1 ±1.2 cm). One-year-old males participate in reproduction as satellites, whereas females do not. The implications of this in early growth rate of the males is discussed. During the two most important months of the reproductive season (i.e. June and July), the sex ratio was significantly biased towards males, particularly in the larger size classes.

scholarly journals In congenital hypothyroidism bone maturation at birth may be a predictive factor of psychomotor development during the first Year of life irrespective of other variables related to treatment

2003 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wasniewska ◽  
F De Luca ◽  
A Cassio ◽  
N Oggiaro ◽  
P Gianino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Tsh Levels

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a cohort of infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH): (a) the frequency of bone maturation (BM) retardation at birth and (b) whether BM delay at birth may be considered as a tool to make a prognosis of psychomotor status at the age of 1 Year, irrespective of other variables related to treatment. DESIGN: BM at birth, CH severity and developmental quotient (DQ) at the age of 1 Year were retrospectively evaluated in 192 CH infants selected by the following inclusion criteria: (a) gestation age ranging between 38 and 42 weeks; (b) onset of therapy within the first Month of life; (c) initial thyroxine (l-T(4)) dosage ranging from 10 to 12 microg/kg/day; (d) normalization of serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels before the age of 3 Months; (e) Monthly adjustments of l-T(4) dose during the first Year of life with serum TSH levels ranging from 0.5 to 4 mIU/l; (f) no major diseases and/or physical handicaps associated with CH; (g) availability of both thyroid scanning and knee X-rays at the time of treatment initiation; (h) availability of DQ assessment at an average age of 12 Months. METHODS: BM was considered normal if the distal femur bony nucleus diameter exceeded 3 mm (group A) or retarded if either this nucleus was absent (subgroup B1) or its diameter was <3 mm (subgroup B2). DQ was evaluated with the Brunet-Lezine test. RESULTS: In 44.3% of cases BM was either delayed (23.5%) or severely delayed (20.8%). The risk of BM retardation was higher in the patients with athyreosis than in the remaining patients (41/57 vs 44/135, chi(2)=25.13, P<0.005). BM-retarded infants showed a more severe biochemical picture of CH at birth and a lower DQ at the age of one Year compared with the group A patients. If compared with infants of subgroup B2 those of subgroup B1 exhibited significantly lower T(4) levels at birth and a more frequent association with athyreosis (70.0 vs 30.0%; chi(2)=7.49, P<0.01), whereas DQ was superimposable in both subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: (a) BM at birth is delayed in almost half of CH patients and (b) CH severity per se can affect DQ at the age of 1 Year irrespective of other variables related to therapy.

HEMATOPOIESIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF THE EFFECT OF IRON AND OF ANIMAL-PROTEIN FACTOR

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-762
Author(s):  
James A. Wolff ◽  
Alice M. Goodfellow
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Factor ◽  
Anemia Of Prematurity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Weight Groups

Normal values in the first 3 months of life have been determined for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, leukocytes and differential counts for premature infants with birth weights less than 1200 gm., and for those between 1200 and 1500 gm. at birth. No significant difference was found in the degree of depression of levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes when values in the 2 weight groups were compared. Two reticulocyte peaks occur during the first 3 months of life. The first peak is present immediately after birth. The second peak, at about the eighth week, coincides with the occurrence of the greatest degree of anemia. Neither iron therapy nor treatment with animal-protein factor containing vitamin B12 and Aureomycin®, started before the end of the third week of life, had a statistically significant effect on the early phase of the anemia of prematurity. Untreated premature infants and those given animal-protein factor were anemic at the end of the first year of life. Subjects given iron therapy had normal hemoglobin values at one year of age. Blood transfusion is rarely necessary in the treatment of the anemia of prematurity.

scholarly journals Being born to a single mother in France: trajectories of father’s involvement over the first year of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-149
Author(s):  
Ariane Pailhé ◽  
Lidia Panico ◽  
Marieke Heers
Keyword(s):  
Father Involvement ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
First Year ◽  
Parental Relationships ◽  
Father Engagement ◽  
Child Involvement ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Representative Cohort

This paper characterises families where the father is not living (or not living permanently) with the child from around birth, and identifies the drivers of the evolution of father contact over the first year of life across different types of household. We use a recent, nationally representative cohort of children born in France in 2011, Elfe (the Etude longitudinale française depuis l’enfance), and latent clustering techniques to identify different groups of households characterised by non-residential fatherhood. We show that non-residential fatherhood from around birth is not a marginal phenomenon in France, and it corresponds to a heterogeneity of situations, describing both advantaged and low involvement fathers, as well less disadvantaged but involved groups. Over the first year of life, most non-resident fathers managed to keep in contact with their child, including relatively disadvantaged groups such as migrant and young parents, although groups characterised by low father involvement shortly after birth lost contact. On the other hand, among a group of very involved non-resident fathers who were in a relationship with the mother, we observed high levels of contact and indeed co-residence when the child was one year of age. A number of channels emerged to explain the correlations between our latent groups and father contact at one year: notably, father engagement around birth, especially whether the father formally recognised the child. Trajectories of father–child involvement and of parental relationships are therefore at least as important as socio-economic conditions to understand future father contact.

scholarly journals Complementary feeding patterns in the first year of life in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: time trends from 1998 to 2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1755-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Patricia Constante Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The City

This study aimed to analyze time trends in complementary feeding practices among children under one year of age in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2008. Based on comparable questions on food consumption in five surveys conducted in representative randomized samples of children in 1998 (n = 3,762), 2000 (n = 3,670), 2003 (n = 4,305), 2006 (n = 3,686), and 2008 (n = 2,621), 16 complementary feeding indicators were constructed. The percentage frequency of all indicators was estimated for each year of the study. Linear trend analyses were also conducted by means of multivariate regression models. All indicators of early complementary feeding decreased from 1998 to 2008. In the 6-11.9 month age group, there was a significant downward trend in the proportion of children receiving food with adequate consistency for their age, consumption of iron-rich foods, and overall adequacy of the diet. A significant upward trend in fruit consumption was observed. There was a decrease in the early complementary feeding, and generally a worsening of complementary feeding practices in children aged 6-11.9 months in Rio de Janeiro during the period studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document