Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism - study in Poland

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Mrozek-Budzyn ◽  
Renata Majewska ◽  
Agnieszka Kieltyka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Atypical Autism ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe results of conducted research studies suggest that heredity and early fetal and neonatal development play a causal role in autism. The objective was to determine a relationship between pre-, peri-, and neonatal factors and autism. The relationship between genders and individual risk factors for autism was also examined. A case-control study was conducted among 288 children (96 cases with childhood or atypical autism and 192 controls individually matched to cases by the year of birth, sex, and general practitioners). Data on autism diagnosis and other medical conditions were acquired from physicians. All other information on potential autism risk factors were collected from mothers. Autism risk was significantly higher when mothers were taking medications (OR=2.72, 95%CI: 1.47-5.04) and smoked during pregnancy (OR=3.32, 95%CI: 1.12-9.82). It was also significantly associated with neonatal dyspnea (OR=3.20, 95%CI: 1.29-8.01) and congenital anomalies (OR=7.17, 95%CI: 2.23-23.1). In gender analysis only congenital anomalies were significantly associated with autism for girls but all of mentioned factors stayed independent risk factors for boys.

Impact of the Bag Exchange Procedure on Risk of Peritonitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Dong ◽  
Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveWe studied whether improper bag exchange predicts the first peritonitis episode in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Patients and MethodsOur single-center prospective observational study of 130 incident urban CAPD patients who started peritoneal dialysis (PD) between March 2005 and August 2008 aimed to determine the relationship between bag exchange procedures examined at the 6th month of PD and risk for a first peritonitis episode. All patients were followed until a first peritonitis episode, censoring, or the end of the study.ResultsThese 130 patients experienced 22 first peritonitis episodes during the 14-month follow-up. During bag exchange evaluation, 51.5% of patients washed their hands improperly, 46.2% failed to check expiration date or bag leakage, and 11.5% forgot to wear a face mask and cap. Patients experiencing peritonitis were more likely to forget to wear a face mask and cap. In multivariate Cox regression model, not wearing a face mask and cap [hazard ratio (HR): 7.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6 to 20.1; p < 0.001] and having anemia (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99; p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for a first episode of peritonitis.ConclusionsNot wearing a face mask and cap and having anemia were independent risk factors for peritonitis. A further randomized control study needs to verify the correlation between improper bag exchange technique and peritonitis in PD patients.

The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Rivaroxaban in Patients with Permanent Inferior Vena Cava Filter: A Pilot Case-Control Study

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2332-2332
Author(s):  
Kirill Lobastov ◽  
Iliya Schastlivtsev ◽  
Victor Barinov ◽  
Valeriy Boyarintsev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Ivc Filter ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulant Rivaroxaban in patients with permanent Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filter. Methods. This was a prospective case-control study involving 30 patients with acute DVT after implantation of IVC filter. The indication for temporary IVC filter implantation was proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with ≥ 4 cm free-floating head. In the study were included patients in whom IVC filter was not removed 3 weeks after implantation because of technical failure (66.7%), persistence of irreversible risk factors or free-floating head (23.3% and 10%). After IVC filter implantation all patients were initially treated with low molecular weight heparins for 48 hours and then assigned to a standard anti-vitamin K therapy (AVK). Those who refused standard anticoagulation were allowed to choose a new oral anticoagulant and some of them were treated with Rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for the first 3 weeks, followed by 20 mg once daily. Totally 15 patients were treated with oral Rivaroxaban on their own: 8 men and 7 women, 35-87 years old (mean - 65.6±15.2) with 1-6 individual risk factors for venous thromboembolism (mean - 2.9±1.4). For each case patient the control one treated with AVK was matched by age (±5 years), sex and the number of individual risk factors (±1). Matching was successful in 100%. Patients were evaluated at 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th month after intervention with clinical examination, duplex ultrasound of IVC system and inspection of medical records. The endpoints of the study were: the patency of IVC filter, the rates of recurrent DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE) and bleeding. Results. During 12 month we followed up all 30 patients, during 18 month we followed up 9 cases and 14 controls and during 24 month - 2 cases and 6 controls. We found no IVC filter obstruction or PE in all patients treated with Rivaroxaban or AVK during the whole time of observation. At 6th month after intervention, we found no recurrent DVT. Hemorrhagic complications were found in one case and two controls (6.6% vs 13.3%, n.s.). At 12th month after intervention, we found one recurrent DVT in control patient (0% vs 6.6%, n.s.). New hemorrhagic complications were found in one case and one control. Totally hemorrhagic complications during first year of observation were found in 2 patients at Rivaroxaban and 3 patients at AVK without any statistically significant difference (13.3% vs 20.0%), but in controls they were more severe: one intracranial hemorrhage and two skin hemorrhage versus one skin and one gingival hemorrhage. During the second year of observation we found no new cases of DVT or bleeding. Conclusion. Using of oral Rivaroxaban in patients with permanent IVC filter seems to be not less effective and safe as standard therapy with AVK and does not lead to filter obstruction. These findings need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial. Disclosures Lobastov: HemaCore Company: Honoraria, Other: travel funding, Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria, Other: travel funding. Off Label Use: Prolonged treatment of DVT with Rivaroxaban in patients with permanent inferior vena cava filter. Schastlivtsev:Bayer: Honoraria, Other: travel finding. Barinov:Bayer: Honoraria, Other: travel funding.

A Model for Analyzing Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maila Upanne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

This study monitored the evolution of psychologists' (n = 31) conceptions of suicide prevention over the 9-year course of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland and assessed the feasibility of the theoretical model for analyzing suicide prevention developed in earlier studies [ Upanne, 1999a , b ]. The study was formulated as a retrospective self-assessment where participants compared their earlier descriptions of suicide prevention with their current views. The changes in conceptions were analyzed and interpreted using both the model and the explanations given by the subjects themselves. The analysis proved the model to be a useful framework for revealing the essential features of prevention. The results showed that the freely-formulated ideas on prevention were more comprehensive than those evolved in practical work. Compared to the earlier findings, the conceptions among the group had shifted toward emphasizing a curative approach and the significance of individual risk factors. In particular, greater priority was focused on the acute suicide risk phase as a preventive target. Nonetheless, the overall structure of prevention ideology remained comprehensive and multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Promotive aims (protective factors) also remained part of the prevention paradigm. Practical working experiences enhanced the psychologists' sense of the difficulties of suicide prevention as well as their criticism and feeling of powerlessness.

scholarly journals Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Scottish South Asian and Caucasian Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4667
Author(s):  
Meizi Wang ◽  
Jianhua Ying ◽  
Ukadike Chris Ugbolue ◽  
Duncan S. Buchan ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Asian Adolescents ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

(1) Background: Scotland has one of the highest rates of obesity in the Western World, it is well established that poor weight profiles, and particularly abdominal obesity, is strongly associated with Type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Whether these associations are apparent in ethnic population groups in Scotland is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between different measures of fatness with clustered cardio metabolic risk factors between Scottish South Asian adolescents and Scottish Caucasian adolescents; (2) Methods: A sample of 208 Caucasian adolescents and 52 South Asian adolescents participated in this study. Stature, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk were measured; (3) Results: Significant, partial correlations in the South Asian cohort between body mass index (BMI) and individual risk factors were generally moderate. However, correlations between Waist circumference (WC) and individual risk factors were significant and strong. In the Caucasian cohort, a significant yet weak correlation between WC and total cholesterol (TG) was noted although no other associations were evident for either WC or BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both BMI and WC were positively associated with CCR (p < 0.01) in the South Asian group and with the additional adjustment of either WC or BMI, the independent associations with clustered cardio-metabolic risk (CCR) remained significant (p < 0.005); (4) Conclusions: No positive relationships were found between BMI, WC, and CCR in the Caucasian group. Strong and significant associations between measures of fatness and metabolic risk were evident in Scottish South Asian adolescents.

scholarly journals Eating Problems in Autistic Females and Males: A Co-twin Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Lundin Remnélius ◽  
Janina Neufeld ◽  
Johan Isaksson ◽  
Sven Bölte
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unmeasured Confounders ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThis study investigated the association between autism and self-reported eating problems and the influence of gender on the association, in a sample of adolescent and adult twins (N = 192). Autistic traits and autism diagnosis were associated with both total and specific eating problems, including selective eating and sensory sensitivity during mealtimes. Interaction effects indicated a stronger association between autistic traits and total eating problems in females, as well as more difficulties with eating in social contexts among autistic females. In within-pair analyses, where unmeasured confounders including genes and shared environment are implicitly controlled for, the association was lost within monozygotic pairs, which might further indicate a genetic influence on the relationship between autism and eating problems.

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