Evaluation of faecal flotation methods followed by species-specific PCR for detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in the definitive hosts

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Széll ◽  
Zsuzsanna Sréter-Lancz ◽  
Tamás Sréter
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Flotation Solution

AbstractEchinococcus multilocularis is one of the most pathogenic zoonotic parasites in the temperate and arctic region of the Northern Hemisphere. For estimating the potential risk of human infection in endemic areas, reliable antemortem methods are needed to detect the parasite in carnivore definitive hosts. The sensitivity of routine flotation techniques for detection of E. multilocularis eggs was found to be low (3–33%) depending on the flotation solution used (specific gravities = 1.3–1.4). An improved faecal flotation followed by a species-specific PCR is described with a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI = 62–84%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI = 94–100%). These parameters are similar to those of the intestinal scraping technique (sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%). The sensitivity of the improved flotation was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of routine flotation techniques. The costs of the method are similar or lower than those of other antemortem diagnostic methods. Based on these data, the method is suitable for surveys of domesticated and wild carnivores.

scholarly journals An outbreak of oropharyngeal tularaemia linked to natural spring water

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Willke ◽  
M. Meric ◽  
R. Grunow ◽  
M. Sayan ◽  
E. J. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Microagglutination Test ◽  
Natural Spring Water ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
Control Study

A tularaemia outbreak was investigated involving 188 suspected cases in the Kocaeli region of Turkey between December 2004 and April 2005. A case–control study comprising 135 laboratory-confirmed cases and 55 controls was undertaken to identify risk factors for the development of the outbreak and to evaluate laboratory diagnostic methods. Tularaemia was confirmed by a microagglutination test (MAT) titre of ≥1 : 160 in 90 of the patients. In MAT-negative sera, 23/44 (52 %) were positive by ELISA with Francisella tularensis LPS and 1/9 (11 %) by Western blotting with this antigen. A species-specific PCR was positive in 16/25 (64 %) throat swabs and 8/13 (62 %) lymph node aspirates. Multivariate analysis showed that drinking natural spring water was the leading risk factor for the development of tularaemia (P=0.0001, odds ratio 0.165, 95 % CI 0.790–0.346). The outbreak ceased after abandonment of the suspected natural water springs.

Echinococcus multilocularis in a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Turkey

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Avcioglu ◽  
Esin Guven ◽  
Ibrahim Balkaya ◽  
Ridvan Kirman
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractEchinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), one of the most threatening zoonoses in Eurasia. Human AE is widespread in the Erzurum region of Turkey, but the situation of the disease in intermediate and definitive hosts is unknown. A Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) was killed in a traffic accident in the north of Erzurum, and was taken to our laboratory. Sedimentation and counting technique (SCT), DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were performed. The SCT results showed that the lynx was infected with E. multilocularis with a medium (745 worms) worm burden. The DNA of adult worms obtained from the lynx was analyzed with a species-specific PCR, and the worms were confirmed to be E. multilocularis by 12S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This is the first report of E. multilocularis from Eurasian lynx in Turkey.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Two Regions of the State of Tocantins-Brazil and the Importance of Pathogen Identification

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benta Natânia Silva FIGUEIREDO ◽  
Ricardo Alencar LIBóRIO ◽  
Megumi SATO ◽  
Camila Figueira da SILVA ◽  
Ronaldo Alves PEREIRA-JUNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis ◽  
Species Specific

Bovine cysticercosis, caused by Taenia saginata metacestodes, is the cause of significant economic losses to the meat production chain by condemnation and downgrading of infected carcasses. It is also a public health issue causing human taeniasis. This study evaluated the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis at the meat inspection procedures in slaughterhouses of south and north regions of the Tocantins State in Brazil. Specimens identified as cysts of T. saginata were collected and analyzed by molecular (PCR) and histopathological techniques. The cysts were collected from March to December of 2010 in slaughterhouses located in the cities of Alvorada (South) and Araguaína (North). The frequency of cystic lesions during the study was 0.033% (53/164,091) with 69.81% of calcified lesions and 30.9% of live cysts at meat inspection. From 14 samples submitted to molecular analysis, 28.57% (4/14) were positive for T. saginata. The histopathological analysis of the non-T. saginata samples showed lesions suggestive of granuloma and hydatid disease. The results indicated that the identification of the etiological agent is difficult by macroscopic inspection, emphasizing the need to associate specific diagnostic methods at meat inspection in abattoirs. In addition, species-specific PCR would be an effective tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and identifying cysticercosis, assisting the conventional tests.

scholarly journals Survey on Perkinsus Species in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Korean Waters Using Species-Specific PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sil Kang ◽  
Hyun-Sung Yang ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Young-Ghan Cho ◽  
Hye-Mi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Tularemia as a Mosquito-Borne Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zakaria Abdellahoum ◽  
Max Maurin ◽  
Idir Bitam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Etiologic Agents

Francisella tularensis (Ft) is the etiological agent of tularemia, a disease known for over 100 years in the northern hemisphere. Ft includes four subspecies, of which two are the etiologic agents of tularemia: Ft subsp. tularensis (Ftt) and Ft subsp. holarctica (Fth), mainly distributed in North America and the whole northern hemisphere, respectively. Several routes of human infection with these bacteria exist, notably through bites of Ixodidae ticks. However, mosquitoes represent the main vectors of Fth in Scandinavia, where large tularemia outbreaks have occurred, usually during the warm season. The mechanisms making mosquitoes vectors of Fth are still unclear. This review covers the inventory of research work and epidemiological data linking tularemia to mosquitoes in Scandinavia and highlights the gaps in understanding mosquitoes and Ft interactions.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Nested-PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Method for Taxonomic Characterization of Bifidobacterial Communities

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6380-6385 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Temmerman ◽  
L. Masco ◽  
T. Vanhoutte ◽  
G. Huys ◽  
J. Swings
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization

ABSTRACT The taxonomic characterization of a bacterial community is difficult to combine with the monitoring of its temporal changes. None of the currently available identification techniques are able to visualize a “complete” community, whereas techniques designed for analyzing bacterial ecosystems generally display limited or labor-intensive identification potential. This paper describes the optimization and validation of a nested-PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach for the species-specific analysis of bifidobacterial communities from any ecosystem. The method comprises a Bifidobacterium-specific PCR step, followed by purification of the amplicons that serve as template DNA in a second PCR step that amplifies the V3 and V6-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. A mix of both amplicons is analyzed on a DGGE gel, after which the band positions are compared with a previously constructed database of reference strains. The method was validated through the analysis of four artificial mixtures, mimicking the possible bifidobacterial microbiota of the human and chicken intestine, a rumen, and the environment, and of two fecal samples. Except for the species Bifidobacterium coryneforme and B. indicum, all currently known bifidobacteria originating from various ecosystems can be identified in a highly reproducible manner. Because no further cloning and sequencing of the DGGE bands is necessary, this nested-PCR-DGGE technique can be completed within a 24-h span, allowing the species-specific monitoring of temporal changes in the bifidobacterial community.

Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn L. Holmes ◽  
Mark T. Anderson ◽  
Harry L. T. Mobley ◽  
Michael A. Bachman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteremia ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARY Gram-negative bacteremia is a devastating public health threat, with high mortality in vulnerable populations and significant costs to the global economy. Concerningly, rates of both Gram-negative bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance in the causative species are increasing. Gram-negative bacteremia develops in three phases. First, bacteria invade or colonize initial sites of infection. Second, bacteria overcome host barriers, such as immune responses, and disseminate from initial body sites to the bloodstream. Third, bacteria adapt to survive in the blood and blood-filtering organs. To develop new therapies, it is critical to define species-specific and multispecies fitness factors required for bacteremia in model systems that are relevant to human infection. A small subset of species is responsible for the majority of Gram-negative bacteremia cases, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The few bacteremia fitness factors identified in these prominent Gram-negative species demonstrate shared and unique pathogenic mechanisms at each phase of bacteremia progression. Capsule production, adhesins, and metabolic flexibility are common mediators, whereas only some species utilize toxins. This review provides an overview of Gram-negative bacteremia, compares animal models for bacteremia, and discusses prevalent Gram-negative bacteremia species.

Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Genchi ◽  
ALICE VISMARRA ◽  
STEFANIA ZANET ◽  
SIMONE MORELLI ◽  
ROBERTA GALUPPI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The One

Abstract BackgroundParasites infecting cats include protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Many are also transmissible to humans. Effective control relies on knowledge of parasite distribution and risk factors for infection. The present study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of major feline parasites in Italy and risk factors associated with their occurrence.MethodsOver a 12-month study period, thirteen study centers across Italy analyzed feces, hair and ectoparasites from naturally infected cats coming from feral colonies, shelters and private households. Samples from cats (n=987) were analyzed by all centers using the same diagnostic methods. Prevalence values and risk factors were evaluated statistically for identification of predictors of risk. ResultsThe overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). T. cati was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, A. abstrusus was the most common (76/987; 7.7%). Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites O. cynotis 9.8% (97/987).Predictors of risk for parasite infection included age, a predominantly or exclusively outdoor lifestyle, geographic area and lack of anti-parasitic treatment.ConclusionBoth ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy, many of them being of zoonotic concern and vectors of pathogens to humans. Given the presence of parasites throughout the entire study period, year-round treatment should be considered. Furthermore, data confirm the need to protect the human-animal bond using proper endo- and ecto-parasiticides to reduce the risk of human infection, in application of the One-Health concept.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICALLY BASED DISEASE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN BARLEY CULTIVATION IN THE CENTRAL BLACK SOIL REGION

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Lukin ◽  
Alexander Yeprintsev ◽  
Dmitry Fedorin ◽  
Olga Maraeva ◽  
Sergey Selyavkin
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Black Soil Region ◽  
Species Specific

At present, there are microbiological Bacillus-based products used to preservevaluable micro biota and improving the level of biological soil productivity as wellas sustaining the local environment. The research focuses on discovering how someparticular biological products and autochthonous microorganisms influence theyield capacity of barley grown in the Black-Earth region of Russia. The researchobjectives included a search for autochthonous strains of microorganisms thatimprove resistance to diseases, estimation of how biological products contribute tothe quality of barley seeds, biological products effect on the spread and diseaseresistance and estimation of how biological products enhance the yield capacity ofbarley. The paper describes the results of identification of an autochthonousBacillus strains. PCR diagnostic methods were used to confirm the strain specificorigin of two sample cells extracted from soil (S1 and S2). The study involved theanalysis of micro biota of leached chernozem, which revealed the autochthonousstrain of Bacillus S1 having a germicidal effect. The S1 strain revealed Bacillussubtilis and Bacillus сеreus, while S2 revealed only Bacillus subtilis, as detected bythe method of molecular diagnostics based on using species-specific primers.Biological treatment of the seeds improved their sowing qualities, namely,germination readiness and germination capacity. In addition, it was found out thatsuch treatment improves the resistance to disease affection and spread. Bacillus S1,in particular, reduces the disease affection by 16,5 % and the disease spread 3,5 asmuch. Finally, the experiment demonstrated that biological treatment cancontribute to sustaining healthy environment for the plants and thus increase theiryield capacity.

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